{"id":73571,"date":"2016-08-22T07:20:30","date_gmt":"2016-08-21T23:20:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=73571"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:03:58","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:03:58","slug":"%e5%9f%ba%e9%80%a3%e5%b0%bc%ef%bc%8d%e8%b2%bb%e9%9b%aa%e5%90%88%e6%88%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e5%9f%ba%e9%80%a3%e5%b0%bc%ef%bc%8d%e8%b2%bb%e9%9b%aa%e5%90%88%e6%88%90\/","title":{"rendered":"\u57fa\u9023\u5c3c\uff0d\u8cbb\u96ea\u5408\u6210"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u57fa\u9023\u5c3c\uff0d\u8cbb\u96ea\u5408\u6210 (Kiliani\u2013Fischer Synthesis)<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u6240\u78a9\u58eb\u751f \u5f35\u4f9d\u6e44<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u57fa\u9023\u5c3c\u2014\u8cbb\u96ea\u5408\u6210<\/strong> (Kiliani\u2013Fischer synthesis)<\/strong>\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u7531\u5169\u4f4d\u5fb7\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u5148\u5f8c\u63d0\u51fa\u5408\u6210\u55ae\u91a3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"73571_p2\"<\/a>

\u5716\u4e8c\u3001Hermann Emil Fischer\uff08\u4f86\u6e90:\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599[2]\uff09<\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u6d77\u56e0\u5229\u5e0c\uff0e\u57fa\u9023\u5c3c (Heinrich Kiliani, 1855.10.30 \u2014 1945.2.25)\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u70cf\u8332\u5821\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5de5\u696d\u5927\u5b78 Emil Erlenmeyer [3] <\/sup>\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u4e0b\u53d6\u5f97\u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u65bc 1892 \u5e74\u6700\u7d42\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6559\u6388\u8077\uff0c\u5728\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5de5\u696d\u5927\u5b78\u6642\u671f\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u91a3\u985e\u5316\u5b78\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u91a3\u985e\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u767c\u5c55\u4e0a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u30021897 \u5e74\u524d\u5f80\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u5f17\u840a\u5821\u5927\u5b78\u64d4\u4efb\u85e5\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff0c1945 \u5e74\u901d\u4e16\u65bc\u5fb7\u570b\u5f17\u840a\u5821\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u9023\u5c3c\u5728 1886 \u5e74\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u919b\u7cd6 (aldose) \u8ddf\u6c30\u5316\u6c2b (hydrogen cyanide, HCN) \u53cd\u61c9\u6703\u7522\u751f\u6210\u5c0d\u7684\u7fa5\u8148 (Cyanhydrins) \u7acb\u9ad4\u7570\u69cb\u7269\uff08\u5716\u4e09\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u662f\u6c30\u9187\u53cd\u61c9 (cyanohydrin reaction)\uff0c\u5982\u5716\u56db\u3002<\/p>\n

\"73571_p3\"<\/a>

\u5716\u4e09\u3001\u7fa5\u8148\u7684\u5408\u6210\u3002\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u7e6a\u88fd\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n

\"73571_p4\"<\/a>

\u5716\u56db\u3001\u6c30\u9187\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\uff08\u4f86\u6e90:\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599[4]\uff09<\/p><\/div>\u96a8\u5f8c\u5728\u57fa\u9023\u5c3c\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u91a3\u985e\u57fa\u790e\u4e0b\uff0c\u8cbb\u96ea\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u591a\u91cd\u6b65\u9a5f\u80fd\u628a\u6c30\u57fa\u5718 (CN) \u8f49\u63db\u6210\u919b\u57fa (aldehyde) \u7684\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u57fa\u9023\u5c3c\u2013\u8cbb\u96ea\u5408\u6210 (Kiliani\u2013Fischer synthesis)\u300d[5]<\/sup>\uff0c\u4ee5\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7cd6 (D-Arabinose) \u70ba\u4f8b\u7684\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u5f0f\u5982\u5716\u4e94\uff1a<\/p>\n

\"73571_p5\"<\/a>

\u5716\u4e94\u3001\u57fa\u9023\u5c3c\u2013\u8cbb\u96ea\u5408\u6210\u4ee5\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7cd6 (D-Arabinose) \u70ba\u539f\u6599\u5408\u6210\u8461\u8404\u7cd6 (D-Glucose) \u548c\u7518\u9732\u7cd6 (D-Mannose)\u3002\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u7e6a\u88fd\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff1a\u919b\u7cd6\u8207\u542b\u6c34\u7684\u6c30\u5316\u7269\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6c30\u5316\u9209 (sodium cyanide, NaCN) \u4f5c\u70ba\u8a66\u5291\uff09\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u89aa\u6838\u52a0\u6210\u5728\u7fb0\u57fa\u5f97\u5230\u6c30\u9187\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u52a0\u71b1\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c07\u6c30\u5316\u7269\u6c34\u89e3\u6210\u5177\u6709\u7fa7\u9178\u57fa\u5718\u3001\u5f62\u6210\u66f4\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u975e\u93e1\u50cf\u7570\u69cb\u9ad4\u5167\u916f\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5206\u96e2\u65b9\u6cd5\u5169\u500b\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u5f8c\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u9209\u6c5e\u9f4a\uff08Na(Hg) \u5408\u91d1\uff09\u9084\u539f\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u53ef\u62ff\u5230\u8461\u8404\u7cd6 (D-Glucose) \u548c\u7518\u9732\u7cd6 (D-Mannose)\uff0c\u7522\u7387\u53ef\u8da8\u8fd1\u65bc 30%\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u6bd4\u6700\u521d\u7684\u57fa\u9023\u5c3c\u2014\u8cbb\u96ea\u5408\u6210\u9084\u8981\u66f4\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u7522\u7387\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5169\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u5c31\u80fd\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u5716\u516d\uff1a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7cd6\u8207\u6c30\u5316\u6c2b\u9032\u884c\u6c30\u9187\u53cd\u61c9\u5f8c\u5f62\u6210\u6c30\u9187\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4f7f\u7528\u6c2b\u6c23\u9084\u539f\u6c30\u9187\u3001\u518d\u7528\u9200\/\u786b\u9178\u92c7\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u4e9e\u80fa\uff0c\u4e9e\u80fa\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u6703\u9032\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u6c34\u89e3\u5f62\u6210\u919b\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u62ff\u5230\u76ee\u6a19\u7522\u7269\u2013\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u548c\u7518\u9732\u7cd6\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4f46\u6bd4\u820a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u7522\u7387\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u9ad8\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\u6700\u521d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u62ff\u5230\u5169\u7a2e\u7684\u7570\u69cb\u9ad4\u662f\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u5167\u916f\u4e2d\u9593\u9ad4\u9032\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u91a3\u985e\u5f8c\u624d\u5206\u96e2\u62ff\u5230\u5169\u7a2e\u91a3\u3002<\/p>\n

\"73571_p6\"<\/a>

\u5716\u516d\u3001\u6539\u826f\u5f8c\u7684\u57fa\u9023\u5c3c\u2013\u8cbb\u96ea\u5408\u6210\u3002\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u7e6a\u88fd\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u57fa\u9023\u5c3c\u2014\u8cbb\u96ea\u5408\u6210\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u5728\u65bc\u8f03\u96e3\u751f\u7522\u7684\u91a3\u985e\u6216\u662f\u5f9e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7121\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u91a3\u985e\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u919b\u91a3\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7acb\u9ad4\u7570\u69cb\u7269\u7684\u91a3\u985e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u5148\u6709\u524d\u919b\u91a3\u8d77\u59cb\u7269\u624d\u53ef\u9032\u884c\u6b64\u985e\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u524d\u8d77\u59cb\u7269\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u505a\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u62ff\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u524d\u8d77\u59cb\u7269\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u62ff\u5230\u8f03\u591a\u7684\u91a3\u985e\u7522\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u9023\u5c3c\u5728\u91a3\u985e\u7684\u5408\u6210\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8ca2\u737b\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff0c\u800c\u8cbb\u96ea\u4e5f\u5275\u7acb\u4e86\u8cbb\u96ea\u6295\u5f71\u5f0f[6]<\/sup>\uff0c\u8b93\u91a3\u985e\u5316\u5b78\u6709\u500b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u958b\u7aef\u3002\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u91a3\u985e\u626e\u6f14\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u91ab\u5b78\u4e0a\u9760\u91a3\u985e\u5408\u6210\u53ef\u5177\u6709\u751f\u7269\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u91a3\u985e\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u4e86\u89e3\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u91a3\u985e\u5177\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6027\u8cea\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4\u662f\u5426\u6709\u76ca\uff1b\u4e14\u91a3\u985e\u727d\u6d89\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u9084\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u57fa\u9023\u5c3c\u2013\u8cbb\u96ea\u5408\u6210\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u6210\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u53bb\u5b78\u7fd2\u8207\u91a3\u985e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a\u5316\u5b78\u50b3\u8a18\uff1a1902\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\uff0d\u8cbb\u96ea\uff08Hermann Emil Fischer\uff09<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Heinrich Kiliani \u2014 https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinrich_Kiliani<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Hermann Emil Fischer \u2014 https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hermann_Emil_Fischer<\/li>\n
  3. Emil Erlenmeyer \u2014 https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emil_Erlenmeyer<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Klein D.R.(2010). Organic Chemistry (1st Edition), Cyanhydrin reaction, pp 948-950.<\/li>\n
  5. Kiliani\u2013Fischer synthesis \u2014 https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiliani%E2%80%93Fischer_synthesis<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. \u8cbb\u96ea\u6295\u5f71\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8207\u61c9\u7528<\/strong>\uff5c\u79d1\u5b78Online\u3002http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=58431<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u57fa\u9023\u5c3c\uff0d\u8cbb\u96ea\u5408\u6210 (Kiliani\u2013Fischer Synthesis) \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u6240\u78a9\u58eb\u751f \u5f35\u4f9d\u6e44…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,4799,4798,4800],"tags":[10508,10505,10506,9005,7315,10504,2388,10507],"class_list":["post-73571","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry07-01","category-chemistry07","category-chemistry07-02","tag-aldose","tag-cyanohydrin-reaction","tag-fischer","tag-named-reaction","tag-7315","tag-10504","tag-2388","tag-10507","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-4799","cat-4798","cat-4800","no-thumbnail"],"views":2269,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73571","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73571"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73571\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86002,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73571\/revisions\/86002"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73571"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=73571"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=73571"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}