{"id":5114,"date":"2009-07-27T05:46:10","date_gmt":"2009-07-26T21:46:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=5114"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:48:43","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:48:43","slug":"%e9%89%9b%e8%93%84%e9%9b%bb%e6%b1%a0%ef%bc%88lead-acid-battery%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e9%89%9b%e8%93%84%e9%9b%bb%e6%b1%a0%ef%bc%88lead-acid-battery%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u925b\u84c4\u96fb\u6c60"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u925b\u84c4\u96fb\u6c60 (Lead-acid Battery)<\/span>
\n\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9ec3\u4fca\u8aa0\u535a\u58eb\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1829\u5e74\u6cd5\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u8c9d\u514b\u52d2\uff08Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel\uff0c1788-1878\uff09\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u7a0d\u5fae\u7522\u751f\u7a69\u5b9a\u96fb\u6d41\u7684\u91d1-\u786b\u9178\u9285\u96fb\u6c60\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u84b2\u6717\u7b2c\uff08Gaston Plant\u00e9\uff0c1834-1889\uff09\u65bc1859\u5e74\u6240\u767c\u660e\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u7528\u7684\u925b\u84c4\u96fb\u6c60\u3002\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u7531\u65bc\u521d\u671f\u7684\u925b\u84c4\u96fb\u6c60\u52a0\u5de5\u6210\u578b\u904e\u7a0b\u5197\u9577\u96e3\u4ee5\u5927\u91cf\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u91cd\u8996\u3002\u76f4\u52301881\u5e74\u6cd5\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u798f\u8033\uff08Camille Alphonse Faure\uff0c1840-1898\uff09\u5c07\u96fb\u6c60\u8a2d\u8a08\u505a\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u6539\u9032\uff0c\u628a\u6c27\u5316\u925b\uff08Pb3<\/sub>O4<\/sub>\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u5857\u4f48\u65bc\u925b\u677f\u4e0a\uff0c\u624d\u8b93\u925b\u84c4\u96fb\u6c60\u958b\u59cb\u5f97\u4ee5\u5546\u696d\u5316\u3002\u925b\u84c4\u96fb\u6c60\u53ef\u5728\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u5167\u5927\u91cf\u653e\u96fb\uff0c\u4e14\u9577\u6642\u9593\u653e\u96fb\u96fb\u58d3\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u9e7c\u6027\u96fb\u6c60\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u6548\u61c9\u7f3a\u9ede\u3002\u73fe\u4eca\u925b\u84c4\u96fb\u6c60\u591a\u7528\u65bc\u6c7d\u3001\u6a5f\u8eca\u7b49\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u66f4\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u5982\u53ef\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u548c\u5728\u4f4e\u6eab\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u96fb\u6c60\uff0c\u66f4\u4f7f\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

\u925b\u84c4\u96fb\u6c60\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u69cb\u9020\u662f\u5728\u786b\u9178\u4e2d\u6d78\u6ce1\u6c27\u5316\u925b\u677f\u548c\u6d77\u7dbf\u925b\u677f\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5169\u584a\u677f\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u5169\u500b\u96fb\u6975\uff0c\u8ca0\u6975\u70ba\u925b\u677f\uff0c\u6b63\u6975\u70ba\u6c27\u5316\u925b\u677f\uff08\u8a31\u591a\u925b\u84c4\u96fb\u6c60\u7684\u96fb\u6975\u4f7f\u7528\u92bb\u542b\u91cf4.2% \u7684\u925b\u92bb\u5408\u91d1\uff0c\u6216\u542b\u92230.8% \u7684\u925b\u9223\u5408\u91d1\uff09\u3002\u7576\u96fb\u6c60\u653e\u96fb\u6642\uff0c\u967d\u6975\u7684\u925b\u8b8a\u6210\u925b\u96e2\u5b50\u4e26\u7522\u751f\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u548c\u786b\u9178\u4e2d\u7684\u786b\u9178\u6839\u96e2\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u6210\u786b\u9178\u925b\u9644\u8457\u5728\u967d\u6975\u4e0a\u3002\u96fb\u5b50\u901a\u904e\u96fb\u7dda\u81f3\u9670\u6975\u5f62\u6210\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u548c\u9670\u6975\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u925b(IV)\u53cd\u61c9\u6210\u786b\u9178\u925b(II)\u3002\u5176\u53cd\u61c9\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u967d\u6975\u53cd\u61c9\uff1aPb (s<\/em>) <\/sub>+ SO4<\/sub>2-<\/sup>(aq<\/em>)<\/sub>\u2192PbSO4(aq<\/em>)<\/sub> + 2e–<\/sup>(aq<\/em>)<\/sub> E\u00b0 = 1.685
\n\u9670\u6975\u53cd\u61c9\uff1aPbO2(s<\/em>)<\/sub>+ SO4<\/sub>2-<\/sup>(aq<\/em>)<\/sub>+ 4H+<\/sup> (aq<\/em>)<\/sub> + 2e–<\/sup> \u2192 PbSO4(s<\/em>)<\/sub>+ 2H2<\/sub>O(l<\/em>)<\/sub> E\u00b0 = 0.356
\n\u7e3d\u53cd\u61c9\uff1aPb (s<\/em>)<\/sub> +PbO2(s<\/em>)<\/sub> + 2H2<\/sub>SO4(l<\/em>)<\/sub> \u2192 2PbSO4(s<\/em>)<\/sub>+ 2H2<\/sub>O(l<\/em>)<\/sub> E\u00b0 = 2.041<\/p>\n

\u548c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u96fb\u6c60\uff08Primary battery\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u925b\u84c4\u96fb\u6c60\u53ef\u518d\u5145\u96fb\u91cd\u8907\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u70ba\u4e8c\u6b21\u96fb\u6c60\uff08Secondary battery\uff09\u6216\u53ef\u5145\u96fb\u96fb\u6c60\uff08Rechargeable battery\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4f7f\u7528\u925b\u70ba\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u925b\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5728\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u4e2d\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u751f\u7522\u7684\u4e8c\u6b21\u96fb\u6c60\u3002\u5145\u96fb\u6642\uff0c\u5c07\u5169\u96fb\u6975\u63a5\u4e0a\u76f4\u6d41\u96fb\u6e90\uff08\u9670\u6975\u63a5\u9670\u6975\uff0c\u967d\u6975\u63a5\u967d\u6975\uff09\uff0c\u96fb\u6c60\u5167\u90e8\u5c31\u6703\u9032\u884c\u653e\u96fb\u6642\u7684\u9006\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u4f7f\u967d\u6975\u7684\u786b\u9178\u925b\u9084\u539f\u6210\u925b\uff0c\u9670\u6975\u7684\u786b\u9178\u925b\u6c27\u5316\u70ba\u6c27\u5316\u925b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9670\u6975\u53cd\u61c9\uff1a PbSO4(aq<\/em>)<\/sub> + 2e–<\/sup>(aq<\/em>)<\/sub> \u2192 Pb (s<\/em>)<\/sub> + SO4<\/sub>2-<\/sup>(aq<\/em>)<\/sub>
\n\u967d\u6975\u53cd\u61c9\uff1a PbSO4(s<\/em>)<\/sub>+ 2H2<\/sub>O(l<\/em>)<\/sub> \u2192 PbO2(s)<\/sub>+ SO4<\/sub>2-<\/sup>(aq<\/em>)<\/sub>+ 4H+<\/sup> (aq<\/em>)<\/sub> + 2e–<\/sup>
\n\u7e3d\u53cd\u61c9\uff1a 2PbSO4(s<\/em>)<\/sub>+ 2H2<\/sub>O(l<\/em>)<\/sub> \u2192 Pb (s<\/em>)<\/sub> +PbO2(s<\/em>)<\/sub> + 2H2<\/sub>SO4(l<\/em>)<\/sub><\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e00\u7d44\u925b\u84c4\u96fb\u6c60\u7684\u96fb\u58d3\u7d042\u4f0f\u7279\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6c7d\u8eca\u752812\u4f0f\u7279\u96fb\u6c60\u662f\u75316\u7d44\u4e32\u9023\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u89e3\u6c7a\u925b\u84c4\u96fb\u6c60\u9700\u8981\u5e38\u52a0\u6c34\u7684\u4e0d\u4fbf\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7814\u767c\u51fa\u514d\u52a0\u6c34\u7684\u925b\u84c4\u96fb\u6c60\u3002\u8a2d\u8a08\u514d\u52a0\u6c34\u7684\u925b\u84c4\u96fb\u6c60\u9996\u5148\u5229\u7528\u5c01\u9589\u7cfb\u7d71\u4f7f\u6c34\u5206\u4e0d\u81f4\u84b8\u767c\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u8b93\u6c34\u5728\u96fb\u6c60\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\u6de8\u6d88\u8017\u964d\u81f3\u6700\u4f4e\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u8b93\u4e8c\u6975\u677f\u4e0a\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u4e4b\u8cea\u91cf\u61f8\u6b8a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5145\u96fb\u6642\u6709\u4e00\u6975\u5e38\u8655\u65bc\u5145\u96fb\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\u967d\u6975\u4e0a\u7684\u925b\u91cf\u9060\u5927\u65bc\u9670\u6975\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u925b\uff0c\u5728\u5145\u96fb\u6642\uff0c\u9670\u6975\u5145\u8db3\u96fb\uff0c\u56de\u5fa9\u653e\u96fb\u524d\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u925b\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u6642\uff0c\u967d\u6975\u4ecd\u5728\u884c\u5145\u96fb\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u9670\u6975\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6c34\u767c\u751f\u6c27\u5316\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u6c27\u6c23\uff0c<\/p>\n

2H2<\/sub>O(l<\/em>)<\/sub> \u2192O2(g<\/em>)<\/sub> + 4H+<\/sup>(aq<\/em>)<\/sub> + 4e–<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u6c27\u6c23\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u967d\u6975\u4e0a\uff0c\u8207\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u925b\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c
\n2Pb(s<\/em>)<\/sub> + 2H2<\/sub>SO4(aq<\/em>)<\/sub> + O2(g<\/em>)<\/sub> \u21922PbSO4(s<\/em>)<\/sub>+ 2H2<\/sub>O(l<\/em>)<\/sub><\/p>\n

\u6c27\u6c23\u4ea6\u53ef\u5728\u967d\u6975\u8207\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u53cd\u61c9\u7522\u751f\u6c34\uff1a
\nO2(g<\/em>)<\/sub> + 4H+<\/sup>(aq<\/em>)<\/sub> + 4e–<\/sup> \u2192 2H2<\/sub>O(l<\/em>)<\/sub><\/p>\n

\u5728\u5145\u96fb\u6642\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6c27\u4e0d\u6703\u5728\u96fb\u6c60\u5167\u7d2f\u7a4d\uff0c\u4e14\u6703\u751f\u6210\u6c34\uff0c\u800c\u967d\u6975\u7e3d\u662f\u5145\u96fb\u4e0d\u8db3\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u7522\u751f\u6c2b\u6c23\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4f7f\u6c34\u5206\u4e0d\u81f4\u77ed\u5c11\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u514d\u52a0\u6c34\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599
\n<\/strong>1. Lead\u2013acid battery. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lead-acid_battery<\/a>
\n2. \u9673\u7af9\u4ead\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u9078\u4fee\u5316\u5b78\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b2c19\u9801\uff0c\u6cf0\u5b87\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008\u3002
\n3. \u8d99\u5321\u83ef\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u901a\u53f2\uff0c\u7b2c547\u9801\uff0c\u51e1\u7570\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1992\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u925b\u84c4\u96fb\u6c60 (Lead-acid Battery) \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9ec3\u4fca\u8aa0\u535a\u58eb\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb\u8cac…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,74,72],"tags":[2753,1147,1004],"class_list":["post-5114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry06-04","category-chemistry06","tag-battery","tag-1147","tag-1004","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-74","cat-72","no-thumbnail"],"views":54660,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5114","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5114"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5114\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":90799,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5114\/revisions\/90799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5114"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5114"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5114"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}