{"id":4890,"date":"2008-12-11T06:46:20","date_gmt":"2008-12-10T22:46:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=4890"},"modified":"2021-10-06T15:59:41","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T07:59:41","slug":"%e5%b8%83%e7%be%85%e6%96%af%e7%89%b9%cb%99%e7%be%85%e7%91%9e%e5%ad%b8%e8%aa%aabr%c3%b8nsted-lowry-theory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e5%b8%83%e7%be%85%e6%96%af%e7%89%b9%cb%99%e7%be%85%e7%91%9e%e5%ad%b8%e8%aa%aabr%c3%b8nsted-lowry-theory\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5e03\u7f85\u65af\u7279-\u7f85\u745e\u5b78\u8aaa"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u5e03\u7f85\u65af\u7279-\u7f85\u745e\u5b78\u8aaa (Br\u00f8nsted-Lowry theory)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u8449\u540d\u5009\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u7531\u963f\u745e\u5c3c\u58eb(S. Arrhenius)\u63d0\u51fa\u89e3\u96e2\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u5b78\u8aaa\u4e2d\u89e3\u91cb\u5404\u7a2e\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u9178\u9e7c\u6027\u8cea\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u963f\u745e\u5c3c\u58eb\u7684\u9178\u9e7c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u50c5\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5230\u4e86 1923 \u5e74\uff0c\u5e03\u7f85\u65af\u7279(J. N. Br\u00f8nsted)\u548c\u7f85\u745e(M. Lowry)\u5728\u5e7e\u500b\u6708\u4e4b\u5167\u5206\u5225\u5148\u5f8c\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u9178\u9e7c\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c07\u9178\u9e7c\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\u64f4\u5927\u5230\u56fa\u614b\u6216\u6c23\u614b\u7b49\u975e\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u5c07\u9019\u5957\u8f03\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7528\u4ed6\u5011\u5006\u500b\u4eba\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u5e03\u7f85\u65af\u7279\uff0d\u7f85\u745e\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u5e03\uff0d\u7f85\u5b78\u8aaa(Br\u00f8nsted-Lowry theory)\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u5e03\uff0d\u7f85\u5b78\u8aaa\u4e2d\u5c0d\u65bc\u9178\u9e7c\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u9178\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9bH<sup>+<\/sup>\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u70ba\u300c\u8cea\u5b50\u4e88\u9ad4(proton donor)\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u9e7c\uff1a\u63a5\u53d7H<sup>+<\/sup>\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u70ba\u300c\u8cea\u5b50\u53d7\u9ad4(proton acceptor)\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e03\uff0d\u7f85\u9178\u9e7c\u5b78\u8aaa\u53ef\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u5b9a\u7fa9\u975e\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u9178\u9e7c\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c23\u614bHCl\u8207NH<sub>3<\/sub>\u7684\u9178\u9e7c\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2dHCl\u5931\u53bb\u8cea\u5b50H<sup>+<\/sup>\u5f62\u6210Cl<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>\uff0c\u800cNH<sub>3<\/sub>\u63a5\u53d7\u8cea\u5b50H<sup>+<\/sup>\u5f62\u6210NH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>HCl(g) + NH<sub>3<\/sub>(g) \uf0e0 NH<sub>4<\/sub>Cl(s)<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5728\u9006\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2dCl<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>\u5177\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u8cea\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64Cl<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u9178HCl\u5931\u53bb\u8cea\u5b50\u5f8c\u7684\u9e7c\uff0cHCl\u53caCl<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5171\u8edb\u9178\u9e7c\u5c0d\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u9006\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2dNH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup>\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cb\u51faH<sup>+<\/sup>\u800c\u70ba\u9178\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64NH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup>\u53caNH<sub>3<\/sub>\u4e5f\u662f\u5171\u8edb\u9178\u9e7c\u5c0d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9178\u9e7c\u5f37\u5ea6\u7528\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u7269\u8cea\u8f49\u79fb\u8cea\u5b50H<sup>+<\/sup>\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u9178\u5f37\u5ea6\u662f\u6307\u9178\u7269\u8cea\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cea\u5b50H<sup>+<\/sup>\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9178\u5f37\u5ea6\u6108\u5927\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u5247\u6108\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u53bb\u8cea\u5b50H<sup>+<\/sup>\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u9e7c\u5f37\u5ea6\u662f\u6307\u9e7c\u7269\u8cea\u63a5\u53d7\u8cea\u5b50H<sup>+<\/sup>\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9e7c\u5f37\u5ea6\u6108\u5927\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u5247\u6108\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u5230\u8cea\u5b50H<sup>+<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e03\uff0d\u7f85\u9178\u9e7c\u5b78\u8aaa\u89e3\u91cb\u9178\u9e7c\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u9006\u53cd\u61c9\u4ecd\u70ba\u4e00\u9178\u9e7c\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u9178\u9e7c\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\u5fc5\u6709\u5169\u5c0d\u5171\u8edb\u9178\u9e7c\u5c0d\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u5171\u8edb\u9178\u9e7c\u5c0d\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5f37\u9178\u8207\u5f37\u9e7c\u53cd\u61c9\u5f62\u6210\u5f31\u7684\u5171\u8edb\u9e7c\u53ca\u5171\u8edb\u9178\uff0c\u6545\u5176\u9006\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u5c31\u6703\u5c0f\u65bc\u6b63\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u524d\u6bb5\u6240\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u6e2c\u5f97\u8a72\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u9006\u53cd\u61c9\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u6545\u53ef\u63a8\u6e2c\u51fa\u9178\u5f37\u5ea6\u5927\u5c0f\u70baHCl\uff1eNH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup>\uff1b\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u9e7c\u5f37\u5ea6\u5927\u5c0f\u70baNH<sub>3<\/sub>\uff1eCl<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>\u3002\u4f8b\u7528\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9178\u9e7c\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u8a31\u591a\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u9178\u5f37\u5ea6\u8207\u9e7c\u5f37\u5ea6\u4e92\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f03\u800c\u6392\u51fa\u9806\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u7269\u8cea\u5177\u6709\u5169\u6027\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u5225\u626e\u6f14\u5e03\uff0d\u7f85\u9178\u6216\u5e03\uff0d\u7f85\u9e7c\uff0c\u6c34\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u9e7d\u9178\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c34\u5145\u7576\u9e7c\uff0c\u53ef\u5f9eHCl\u5f97\u5230\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50H<sup>+<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u6c28\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c34\u5145\u7576\u9178\uff0c\u53ef\u5931\u53bb\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50H<sup>+<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>HCl + H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u21cc H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup> + Cl<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> NH<sub>3<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u21cc NH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup> + OH<sup>\u2212<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- m --><a class=\"postlink\" href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E9%85%B8&amp;variant=zh-tw\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E9%85%B8&amp;variant=zh-tw<\/a><!-- m --><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5e03\u7f85\u65af\u7279-\u7f85\u745e\u5b78\u8aaa (Br\u00f8nsted-Lowry theory) \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u8449\u540d\u5009\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,67,70],"tags":[8001,8002,8000,1175],"class_list":["post-4890","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry05","category-chemistry05-03","tag-bronsted","tag-lowry","tag-8000","tag-1175","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-67","cat-70","no-thumbnail"],"views":12988,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4890","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4890"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4890\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":85744,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4890\/revisions\/85744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4890"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4890"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4890"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}