{"id":4495,"date":"2009-07-31T14:50:29","date_gmt":"2009-07-31T06:50:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=4495"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:48:22","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:48:22","slug":"%e6%b0%b4%e6%ba%b6%e6%b6%b2%e5%87%9d%e5%9b%ba%e9%bb%9e%e9%99%8d%e4%bd%8e%ef%bc%88freezing-point-depression%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e6%b0%b4%e6%ba%b6%e6%b6%b2%e5%87%9d%e5%9b%ba%e9%bb%9e%e9%99%8d%e4%bd%8e%ef%bc%88freezing-point-depression%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u964d\u4f4e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u964d\u4f4e\uff08Freezing-point Depression\uff09<\/span>
\n \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9ec3\u4fca\u8aa0\u535a\u58eb\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u53f0\u8a9e\u6709\u53e5\u4fd7\u8afa\u5f62\u5bb9\u6709\u6b0a\u52e2\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u300c\u558a\u6c34\u6703\u7d50\u51cd\u300d\uff0c\u6c34\u771f\u7684\u9019\u9ebc\u5bb9\u6613\u7d50\u51b0\u55ce\uff1f\u4e5f\u8a31\u7d14\u6c34\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u53ef\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u3002\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5bb6\u83ef\u7279\u751f\uff08Richard Watson\uff0c1737-1816\uff09\u57281771\u5e74\u6642\u6e2c\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u6fc3\u5ea6\u9e7d\u985e\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u7684\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u9e7d\u985e\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u503c\u548c\u6eb6\u6db2\u542b\u9e7d\u91cf\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e14\u76f8\u540c\u91cd\u91cf\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u9e7d\u985e\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u503c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u76e1\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5230\u4e861788\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u767b\uff08Charles Blagden\uff0c1748-1820\uff09\u6e2c\u91cf\u4e86\u6c2f\u5316\u9209\u3001\u785d\u9178\u9240\u3001\u9152\u77f3\u9178\u9240\u9209\u3001\u786b\u9178\u9382\u3001\u786b\u9178\u4e9e\u9435\u7b49\u9e7d\u985e\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u6307\u51fa\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u9e7d\u91cf\u548c\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u503c\u6210\u7c21\u55ae\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u767b\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08Blagden\u2019s Law\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u5f8c\u6cd5\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u62c9\u5348\u8033\uff08Fran\u00e7ois-Marie Raoult, 1830-1901\uff09\u7814\u7a76329\u7a2e\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u57281882\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u6fc3\u5ea6\u70ba1\uff05\u7684\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\uff081\u514b\u7684\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u6eb6\u65bc100\u514b\u7684\u6c34\u4e2d\uff09\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u503c\u548c\u6eb6\u8cea\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff08\u5f0f\u4e00\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7576100\u514b\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u542b\u6709w\u514b\u5206\u5b50\u91cfM\u7684\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u6642\uff0c\u5f0f\u4e00\u53ef\u6539\u5beb\u70ba\u5f0f\u4e8c\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u503c\u548c\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u83ab\u8033\u6fc3\u5ea6\uff08Cm\uff09\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002\uff08\u5f0f\u4e09\uff09<\/p>\n

(Tf<\/sub>\u00b0- Tf<\/sub>) \u00d7 M = \u2206Tf<\/sub> \u00d7 M = K \uff08\u5f0f\u4e00\uff09
\n\u2206Tf<\/sub> = Kf<\/sub> (w\/M)(1000\/100) \uff08\u5f0f\u4e8c\uff09
\n\u2206Tf<\/sub> = Kf<\/sub> Cm \uff08\u5f0f\u4e09\uff09<\/p>\n

Tf<\/sub>\uff1a\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\uff0cTf<\/sub>\u00b0\uff1a\u7d14\u6eb6\u5291\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\uff0c\u2206Tf<\/sub>\uff1a\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u91cf\uff0cK\uff1a\u5e38\u6578\u3002
\nw\uff1a\u6eb6\u8cea\u91cd(g)\uff0cM\uff1a\u6eb6\u8cea\u5206\u5b50\u91cf(g\/mol)\uff0cCm\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u83ab\u8033\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

Kf<\/sub> \u7a31\u70ba\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u5e38\u6578\uff08Cryoscopic constant\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6307\u91cd\u91cf\u83ab\u8033\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u5e38\u6578\uff08Molar cryoscopic constant\uff09\u3002Kf\u503c\u96a8\u6eb6\u5291\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u6c34\u7684Kf<\/sub> = 1.86 K-kg\/mol\uff0c\u74b0\u5df1\u70f7\u7684Kf<\/sub> = 20.0 K-kg\/mol\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u516c\u5f0f\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6eb6\u8cea\u70ba\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u975e\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u7684\u7a00\u8584\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u63a5\u8fd1\u7406\u60f3\u6eb6\u6db2\uff08Ideal solution\uff09\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u7576\u6eb6\u6db2\u6fc3\u5ea6\u9ad8\u6642\uff0c\u6eb6\u8cea\u9593\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u8b8a\u5927\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u884c\u70ba\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7406\u60f3\u6eb6\u6db2\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7576\u6eb6\u8cea\u662f\u975e\u63ee\u767c\u6027\u7684\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u6642\uff0c\u5982\u9e7d\u985e\uff0c\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u6fc3\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u6bd4\u6eb6\u8cea\u70ba\u975e\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u6642\u591a\uff1b\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c0.10 m\u7684\u8517\u7cd6\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u4e860.186\u2103\uff0c\u800c0.10 m\u7684\u6c2f\u5316\u9209\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u537b\u4e0b\u964d\u4e860.343\u2103\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u6e38\u96e2\u7684\u9670\u96e2\u5b50\u8207\u967d\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u6eb6\u8cea\u7c92\u5b50\u6578\u76ee\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u6eb6\u89e3\u524d\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u6578\u76ee\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u7e3d\u96e2\u5b50\u6578\u6bd4\u540c\u6fc3\u5ea6\u7684\u975e\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u70ba\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u503c\u8207\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7c92\u5b50\u6578\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u4f9d\u6578\u6027\u8cea\uff08Colligative properties\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u516c\u5f0f\u5fc5\u9808\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u505a\u4fee\u6b63\u6210\u5f0f\u56db\u3002i<\/em>\u5373\u662f\u51e1\u7279\u4f55\u592b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u51e1\u7279\u4f55\u592b\u56e0\u6578\uff0c\u70ba\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u89e3\u96e2\u5f8c\u7684\u9810\u671f\u7c92\u5b50\u6578\u3002
\n\u2206Tf<\/sub> = i<\/em> Kf<\/sub> Cm \uff08\u5f0f\u56db\uff09<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b:<\/strong>
\n1. \u9673\u7af9\u4ead\uff0c\u9078\u4fee\u5316\u5b78\u4e0a\uff0c\u6cf0\u5b87\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\u7b2c83-85\u9801\uff0c2008.
\n2. \u8d99\u5321\u83ef\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u901a\u53f2\uff0c\u51e1\u7570\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\u7b2c532-533\u9801\uff0c1992.
\n3. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freezing-point_depression<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u964d\u4f4e\uff08Freezing-point Depression\uff09 \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66,108,62],"tags":[1444,1443,1445],"class_list":["post-4495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry04-04","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry04","tag-1444","tag-1443","tag-1445","avhec_catgroup-all","loop-entry","cat-66","cat-108","cat-62","no-thumbnail"],"views":36131,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4495","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4495"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4495\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":84978,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4495\/revisions\/84978"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4495"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4495"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4495"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}