{"id":4462,"date":"2009-07-31T14:29:24","date_gmt":"2009-07-31T06:29:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=4462"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:48:22","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:48:22","slug":"%e6%ba%b6%e6%b6%b2%e5%87%9d%e5%9b%ba%e9%bb%9e%e4%b8%8b%e9%99%8d%ef%bc%88freezing-point-depression%ef%bc%89%e7%9a%84%e6%87%89%e7%94%a8%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e6%ba%b6%e6%b6%b2%e5%87%9d%e5%9b%ba%e9%bb%9e%e4%b8%8b%e9%99%8d%ef%bc%88freezing-point-depression%ef%bc%89%e7%9a%84%e6%87%89%e7%94%a8%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\uff08Freezing-point Depression\uff09\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff08\u4e00\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\uff08Freezing-point Depression\uff09\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff08\u4e00\uff09<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"> \u570b\u7acb\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9ec3\u4fca\u8aa0\u535a\u58eb\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u62c9\u5348\u8033\uff08Fran\u00e7ois-Marie Raoult, 1830-1901\uff09\u572819\u4e16\u7d00\u6642\u5c31\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff1a\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u6bd4\u7d14\u6eb6\u5291\u4f4e\uff0c\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u503c\u548c\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u83ab\u8033\u6fc3\u5ea6\uff08Cm\uff09\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff08\u5f0f\u4e00\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u2206T<sub>f<\/sub> = <em>i<\/em> K<sub>f<\/sub> Cm \uff08\u5f0f\u4e00\uff09<br \/>\n\u2206T<sub>f<\/sub>\uff1a\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u91cf\uff0cCm\uff1a\u6eb6\u6db2\u91cd\u91cf\u83ab\u8033\u6fc3\u5ea6\uff0cK<sub>f<\/sub>\uff1a\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u5e38\u6578\uff0c<em>i<\/em>\uff1a\u51e1\u7279\u4f55\u592b\u56e0\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u516c\u5f0f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u5ff5\u7406\u5de5\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u90fd\u8981\u719f\u8a18\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8003\u8a66\u6703\u8003\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u516c\u5f0f\u9664\u4e86\u61c9\u4ed8\u8003\u8a66\u5916\u771f\u7684\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u55ce\uff1f\u9019\u4e0d\u76e1\u7136\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5927\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5468\u906d\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u5be6\u4f8b\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u751f\u7269\u9084\u662f\u5de5\u696d\u65b9\u9762\u4fef\u62fe\u7686\u662f\u3002\u61c9\u7528\u53ef\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u70ba\u56db\u5927\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3001\u7d14\u5ea6\u6aa2\u6e2c\u3001\u6297\u51cd\u5291\uff08Antifreeze\uff09\u548c\u5340\u57df\u63d0\u7d14\uff08Zone refining\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u964d\u4f4e\u53ef\u7528\u4f86\u6e2c\u91cf\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\uff08Molar mass\uff09\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u672a\u77e5\u7269\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u6839\u64da\u5f0f\u4e00\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5beb\u6210\u5f0f\u4e8c\u3002\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u6e2c\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u6211\u5011\u6e96\u78ba\u6e2c\u91cf\u542b\u6709\u5f85\u6e2c\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u7269\u8cea\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e4b\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\uff0c\u548c\u5df2\u77e5\u7d14\u6eb6\u5291\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u76f8\u6e1b\u5f97\u5230\u2206T<sub>f<\/sub>\u3002\u53c8\u6eb6\u6db2\u6fc3\u5ea6\u70ba\u5df2\u77e5\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u5f0f\u4e8c\u6c42\u5f97\u5f85\u6e2c\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cfM\u3002\u8c9d\u514b\u66fc\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u6e2c\u5b9a\u88dd\u7f6e\uff08Beckmann freeze apparatus\uff0c\u5716\u4e00\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5206\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\u3002<br \/>\nM = <em>i<\/em> K<sub>f<\/sub> \u00d7 (w\/\u2206T<sub>f<\/sub>) )\u00d7(1000\/W) \uff08\u5f0f\u4e8c\uff09<br \/>\n\u2206T<sub>f<\/sub>\uff1a\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u91cf\uff0c K<sub>f<\/sub>\uff1a\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u5e38\u6578\uff0cw\uff1a\u6eb6\u8cea\u91cd(g)\uff0cM\uff1a\u6eb6\u8cea\u5206\u5b50\u91cf(g\/mol)\uff0cW\uff1a\u6eb6\u5291\u91cd(g)\u3002<a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/06\/\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\uff08Freezing-point-Depression\uff09\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff08\u4e00\uff09-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4463\" title=\"\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\uff08Freezing-point Depression\uff09\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff08\u4e00\uff09-1\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/06\/\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\uff08Freezing-point-Depression\uff09\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff08\u4e00\uff09-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"224\" height=\"248\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u6e2c\u91cf\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u65b9\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f03\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u64fe\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u5177\u4f9d\u6578\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f85\u6e2c\u5206\u5b50\u70ba\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\uff0c\u5247\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u5e36\u6e2c\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u51e1\u7279\u4f55\u592b\u56e0\u6578<em>i<\/em>\uff1b<em>i<\/em>\u4ee3\u8868\u5f85\u6e2c\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u89e3\u96e2\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u6e2c\u5f97\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u7269\u8cea\u5728\u975e\u6975\u6027\u6eb6\u5291\u4e2d\u4e0d\u89e3\u96e2\uff0c<em>i<\/em> = 1\uff0c\u5148\u6e2c\u91cf\u8a72\u5206\u5b50\u6eb6\u65bc\u975e\u6975\u6027\u6eb6\u5291\u4e2d\u7684\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u503c\uff0cCm<sub>solute<\/sub>\uff08\u7406\u8ad6\u6eb6\u6db2\u91cd\u91cf\u83ab\u8033\u6fc3\u5ea6\uff09\u5c0d\u2206T<sub>f<\/sub>\u4f5c\u5716\u5f97\u5230\u659c\u7387K<sub>f<\/sub>\u3002\u6bd4\u8f03\u76f8\u540c\u7269\u8cea\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6975\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u548c\u975e\u6975\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u8ff0\u6c42\u5f97\u4e4bKf\u548c\u5728\u6975\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u2206T<sub>f<\/sub>\uff0c\u7b97\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u91cd\u91cf\u83ab\u8033\u6fc3\u5ea6\u5be6\u969b\u503cCm\uff0cCm<sub>solute<\/sub>\u548cCm\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u70baCm = <em>i <\/em>\u00d7 Cm<sub>solute<\/sub>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u7d14\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u6383\u63cf\u5f0f\u71b1\u5dee\u5206\u6790\u5100\uff08Differential scanning calorimetry\uff0cDSC\uff0c\u5716\u4e8c\uff09\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5f85\u6e2c\u7269\u8cea\u6240\u542b\u96dc\u8cea\u7684\u83ab\u8033\u767e\u5206\u7387\uff08\u5f0f\u4e09\uff09\u3002\u4ee5DSC\u6e2c\u91cf\u7269\u8cea\u7d14\u5ea6\u5177\u6709\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u7cbe\u78ba\u3001\u6a23\u672c\u7528\u91cf\u5c11\u3001\u80fd\u6e2c\u5f97\u7269\u8cea\u7d55\u5c0d\u7d14\u5ea6\u7b49\u512a\u9ede\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u6a19\u6e96\u7269\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u6a23\u54c1\u7684\u7d14\u7269\u8cea\u7194\u9ede\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u4e8b\u5148\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7d14\u7269\u8cea\u7194\u9ede\u80fd\u5f9eDSC\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u3002<br \/>\n\u96dc\u8cea(mol %) = 100 \u00d7 (1\/K<sub>f<\/sub>) \u00d7 \u2206T<sub>f<\/sub> \uff08\u5f0f\u4e09\uff09<a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/06\/\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\uff08Freezing-point-Depression\uff09\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff08\u4e00\uff09-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4464\" title=\"\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\uff08Freezing-point Depression\uff09\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff08\u4e00\uff09-2\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/06\/\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\uff08Freezing-point-Depression\uff09\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff08\u4e00\uff09-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"179\" height=\"201\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/strong><br \/>\n1. <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freezing-point_depression\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freezing-point_depression<\/a><br \/>\n2. <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Differential_scanning_calorimetry\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Differenti \u2026 alorimetry<\/a><br \/>\n3. \u9673\u9752\u3001\u9b4f\u4f2f\u69ae\u3001\u5305\u5fb7\u541b\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5100\u5668\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5100\u5668\u7de8\u8f2f\u90e8\uff0c42-46\u9801\uff0c2005\u53773\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6eb6\u6db2\u51dd\u56fa\u9ede\u4e0b\u964d\uff08Freezing-point Depression\uff09\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff08\u4e00\uff09 \u570b\u7acb\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66,108,62],"tags":[1444,1443,1445],"class_list":["post-4462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry04-04","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry04","tag-1444","tag-1443","tag-1445","avhec_catgroup-all","loop-entry","cat-66","cat-108","cat-62","no-thumbnail"],"views":36542,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4462","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4462"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4462\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":90706,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4462\/revisions\/90706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4462"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4462"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}