{"id":4309,"date":"2008-07-31T12:45:13","date_gmt":"2008-07-31T04:45:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=4309"},"modified":"2021-10-06T15:59:15","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T07:59:15","slug":"%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%b8%e7%89%a9%e8%b3%aa%ef%bc%88chemical-substance%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%b8%e7%89%a9%e8%b3%aa%ef%bc%88chemical-substance%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\uff08Chemical substance\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\uff08Chemical substance\uff09
\n\u8b6f\u8005:\u6cf0\u5c71\u9ad8\u4e2d \u90b1\u5927\u80b2\u8001\u5e2b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\nchem sub001.JPG (7.5 KB) \u88ab\u700f\u89bd 874 \u6b21<\/p>\n

\u6c34\u548c\u6c34\u84b8\u6c23\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
\n<\/strong>\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5177\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u5316\u5b78\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5efa\u7acb\u65bc18\u4e16\u7d00\u665a\u671f\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u666e\u52de\u65af\u7279(Joseph Proust)\u78ba\u5b9a\u67d0\u500b\u7d14\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u69cb\u6210\uff08\u8b6c\u5982\u78b3\u9178\u9285\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7d44\u6210\uff09\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u63a8\u8ad6\uff1a\u201d\u4e00\u7a2e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u88fd\u5f97\uff0c\u5176\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9593\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u6bd4\u201d\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u201d\u5b9a\u7d44\u6210\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u96a8\u8457\u5316\u5b78\u5408\u6210\u6280\u8853\u7684\u6210\u9577\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\uff09\u548c\u5728\u5206\u6790\u5316\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u8a31\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u8853\uff08\u7528\u4f86\u5f9e\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u4e2d\u5206\u96e2\u548c\u7d14\u5316\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff09\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u53ef\u5f9e\u8a31\u591a\u5316\u5b78\u8ab2\u672c\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u500b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u5316\u5b78\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u4ecd\u9808\u88ab\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002
\n\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u7d14\u6c34\uff1b\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5f9e\u6cb3\u6d41\u6216\u5be6\u9a57\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u540c\u6a23\u7269\u6027\u548c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6c2b\u6c27\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7528\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u5247\u7121\u6cd5\u5c07\u7d14\u7269\u8cea\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u7d14\u7269\u8cea\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u7d14\u7269\u8cea\u5982\u947d\u77f3\u3001\u9ec3\u91d1\u3001\u9e7d(\u6c2f\u5316\u9209)\u548c\u7cd6(\u8517\u7cd6) \u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u4ee5\u4e09\u7a2e\u72c0\u614b\u5b58\u5728-\u56fa\u76f8\u3001\u6db2\u76f8\u6216\u6c23\u76f8\uff0c\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u6539\u8b8a\u6eab\u5ea6\u6216\u58d3\u529b\u6539\u8b8a\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u76f8\u614b\u3002
\n\u8a3b\uff1a\u76f8\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff1a\u7269\u8cea\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u5747\u52fb\u72c0\u614b\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u548c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5747\u76f8\u540c\uff09\u6210\u70ba\u76f8\uff08phase\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5b9a\u7fa9(Defining)<\/strong>
\n\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea(\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u7d14\u7269\u8cea) \u5728\u591a\u6578\u5316\u5b78\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u4e2d\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9019\u500b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7d14\u5316\u5b78\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u7d14\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5b9a\u7fa9—\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d14\u7269\u8cea\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u53ca\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f—\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u5728CAS \u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\u7121\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u8a08\u91cf\u5316\u5408\u7269(Nonstoichiometric compounds)\u662f\u9055\u53cd\u5b9a\u7d44\u6210\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u5b83\u6709\u6642\u5f88\u96e3\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u5f9e\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u548c\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u5283\u5206\u754c\u7dda\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9200\u6c2b\u5316\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5143\u7d20(Elements)<\/strong>
\n\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u50c5\u7531\u4e00\u7a2e\u539f\u5b50\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u7d93\u7531\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u518d\u5206\u5272\u6216\u8b8a\u63db\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u53e6\u5916\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u7d93\u7531\u6838\u53cd\u61c9\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6240\u6709\u539f\u5b50\u96d6\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u8cea\u5b50\u6578\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e2d\u5b50\u6578\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20(isotopes)\u3002
\n\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u7d04\u6709120\u500b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u7d04\u670980\u500b\u53ef\u7a69\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u6703\u9032\u884c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u8870\u8b8a\u6210\u5176\u5b83\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7531\u5143\u7d20\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u7d14\u7269\u8cea\u4e4b\u6578\u91cf\u53ef\u8d85\u904e120\u500b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea(\u540c\u7d20\u7570\u5f62\u9ad4allotropes)\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c27\u53ef\u7522\u751f\u6c27\u6c23\u548c\u81ed\u6c27(ozone)\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u5206\u985e\u70ba\u91d1\u5c6c\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u662f\u5143\u7d20\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6027\u5149\u6fa4(lustre)\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u9435\u3001\u9285\u548c\u91d1\u3002\u91d1\u5c6c\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5c0e\u96fb\u6027\u548c\u5c0e\u71b1\u6027\u3001\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027(malleable and ductile)\uff0c\u5728\u985e\u91d1\u5c6c\u65c1\u7684\u5143\u7d20(a dozen emements)\u4e2d\u8b6c\u5982\u78b3\u3001\u6c2e\u6c23\u548c\u6c27\u6c23\u70ba\u975e\u91d1\u5c6c\u3002\u975e\u91d1\u5c6c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u91d1\u5c6c\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e26\u4e14\u6709\u9ad8\u7684\u96fb\u8ca0\u5ea6(electronegativity)\u548c\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5f62\u6210\u8ca0\u96e2\u5b50\u7a31\u70ba\u9670\u96e2\u5b50\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u8b6c\u5982\u77fd\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u91d1\u5c6c\u548c\u985e\u4f3c\u975e\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u985e\u91d1\u5c6c(metalloids)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5316\u5408\u7269(Chemical compounds )
\n<\/strong>\u7531\u5169\u7a2e\u6216\u5169\u7a2e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7d93\u7531\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u7a31\u70ba\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\u6709\u5206\u5b50\u6216\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u96e2\u5b50\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\u3002\u7531\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7a31\u70ba\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5247\u7a31\u70ba\u7121\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u85c9\u7531\u78b3\u548c\u91d1\u5c6c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u9375\u7d50\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7a31\u70ba\u6709\u6a5f\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002
\n\u5229\u7528\u5171\u7528\u96fb\u5b50\u5c0d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7a31\u70ba\u5171\u50f9\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u7531\u7570\u6027\u96fb\u8377\u96e2\u5b50\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7a31\u70ba\u96e2\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6216\u9e7d\u3002\u5728\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u9019\u4e9b\u53eb\u505a\u7570\u69cb\u7269\u3002\u7570\u69cb\u7269\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u6975\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u96e2\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u81ea\u767c\u5730\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u7570\u69cb\u7269\u3002\u8209\u4e00\u500b\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u5c0d\u679c\u7cd6\uff0c\u524d\u662f\u919b\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u662f\u916e\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u9175\u7d20\u6216\u9178\u9e7c\u50ac\u5316\u5291\u53ef\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e92\u76f8\u8f49\u63db\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e92\u8b8a\u7570\u69cb\u7269(tautomers)\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u81ea\u767c\u5730\u767c\u751f\u7570\u69cb\u5316\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u4e92\u8b8a\u7570\u69cb\u7269\u7684\u7d14\u7269\u8cea\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\uff0c\u5176\u69cb\u6210\u6709\u958b\u93c8\u548c\u5713\u74b0\u5169\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u88fd\u9020\u7d14\u7684\u958b\u93c8\u5f0f\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u6703\u81ea\u767c\u5730\u5408\u74b0\u6210\u534a\u7e2e\u919b(hemiacetal)\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d14\u7269\u8ceaVs\u6df7\u5408\u7269(Substances versus mixtures )<\/strong>
\n\u6240\u6709\u7269\u8cea\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u7d93\u5e38\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u5305\u542b\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7d14\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u3002\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u53ef\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u7d14\u5316\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u7d14\u7269\u8cea\u3002\u9ec3\u6cb9\u3001\u571f\u58e4\u548c\u6728\u982d\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002
\n\u7070\u8272\u9435\u91d1\u5c6c\u548c\u9ec3\u8272\u786b\u78fa\u662f\u5169\u500b\u5316\u5b78\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u8005\u53ef\u4e00\u4efb\u4f55\u6bd4\u7387\u5f62\u6210\u9ec3\u8272\u7070\u8272\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u53ef\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u7269\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u5206\u96e2\u786b\u78fa\u548c\u9435\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u78c1\u9435\u5f9e\u786b\u78fa\u4e2d\u5438\u5f15\u9435\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9435\u548c\u786b\u78fa\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u6bd4\u7387(56\u514b(1 mol) \u9435\u5c0d32\u514b(1 mol)\u786b\u78fa)\u52a0\u71b1\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u767c\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u4e26\u4e14\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u786b\u5316\u9435\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u5f0fFeS\u3002\u800c\u9019\u500b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6709\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u3002\u786b\u5316\u9435\u6709\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7269\u6027\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u7194\u9ede\u548c\u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e8c\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u7121\u6cd5\u7528\u7269\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u96e2\uff1b\u78c1\u9435\u7121\u6cd5\u6062\u5fa9\u9435\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u91d1\u5c6c\u9435\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5316\u5b78\u85e5\u54c1VS\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea(Chemicals versus Chemical substances)<\/strong>
\n\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea(chemical substance)\u662f\u5c08\u696d\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u7d93\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6280\u8853\u8853\u8a9e\uff1b\u5316\u5b78\u85e5\u54c1(chemicals)\u9019\u500b\u5b57\u5247\u5ee3\u6cdb\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u88fd\u85e5\u7522\u696d\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u3002\u5316\u5b78\u85e5\u54c1\u9019\u500b\u5b57\u5305\u62ec\u8a31\u591a\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u4e14\u7d93\u5e38\u767c\u73fe\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u8077\u696d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u5728\u4eba\u70ba\u6216\u88ab\u8655\u7406\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u5316\u5de5\u696d\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u547d\u540d\u548c\u7d22\u5f15(Naming and Indexing )<\/strong>
\n\u6bcf\u500b\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u547d\u540d\u662f\u6839\u64daIUPAC(\u570b\u969b\u7d14\u7cb9\u53ca\u61c9\u7528\u5316\u5b78\u806f\u5408\u6703International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) \u898f\u5247\u4f86\u547d\u540d\u3002\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u6587\u6458\u793e(CAS) \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u4f9b\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a31\u591a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5177\u6709\u4fd7\u540d\u3001\u7c21\u540d\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u7528\u7cfb\u7d71\u547d\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u7cd6\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u7cfb\u7d71\u547d\u540d\u70ba6-(\u7fa5\u7532\u57fa)\u5641\u70f7-2,3,4,5-\u56db\u9187(6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol)\u3002\u5929\u7136\u7269\u548c\u914d\u85e5\u4e5f\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u4fd7\u540d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6eab\u548c\u7684\u6b62\u75db\u85e5\u62ff\u767e\u75bcNaproxen\u70ba(S)-6-\u7532\u6c27\u57fa-\u03b1-\u7532\u57fa-2-\u5948\u4e59\u9178\u5316\u5408\u7269((S)-6-methoxy-\u03b1-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid)\u7684\u4fd7\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u983b\u7e41\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5316\u5b78\u5f0f\u6216\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u5831\u544a\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5408\u6210(\u6216\u5206\u96e2)\u51fa\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6578\u91cf\u6709\u9010\u6f38\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u5229\u7528\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5143\u7d20\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u6709\u4e09\u5343\u842c\u500b\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u9019\u4e9b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u8a18\u4f4f\u6216\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5728\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u5f88\u96e3\u627e\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u898f\u5f8b\u3002\u5e7e\u500b\u570b\u969b\u7d44\u7e54\u50cfIUPAC \u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u6587\u6458\u793e(CAS) \u6709\u9010\u6b65\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u4f7f\u9019\u6a23\u4efb\u52d9\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u5316\u5b78\u6587\u737b\u7684\u6458\u8981\u670d\u52d9\u90e8\u7684CAS, \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u6a19\u8b58\u7b26\uff0c\u5c0d\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u5831\u544a\u4e86\u5728\u5316\u5b78\u6587\u737b\u7684\u5404\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea(\u4f8b\u5982\u5316\u5b78\u5b78\u5831\u548c\u5c08\u5229)\u7d66\u4e88\u4e0d\u540c\u7684CAS\u7de8\u865f(CAS registry number)\u3002\u9019\u8cc7\u8a0a\u88ab\u7de8\u5beb\u4f5c\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u548c\u666e\u904d\u5730\u70ba\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u5982\u540c\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u5584\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e5f\u958b\u767c\u4e86\u7269\u8cea\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5982\uff1aSMILES\u3001\u570b\u969b\u5316\u5b78\u8a8d\u8b49(International Chemical Identifier)\u6216InChI \u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\nchem sub002.JPG (33.26 KB) \u88ab\u700f\u89bd 254 \u6b21<\/p>\n

\u5206\u96e2\u3001\u7d14\u5316\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0\u7279\u6027\u548c\u8b49\u660e
\n(Isolation, purification, characterisation and identification)<\/strong>
\n\u901a\u5e38\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d14\u7269\u8cea\u9700\u8981\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u6df7\u5408\u7269{\u4f8b\u5982\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u7136\u7269\u8cea(\u6a23\u54c1\u7d93\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u8a31\u591a\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea) \u6216\u5728\u7d93\u904e\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9(\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269)\u5f8c\u7684\u7269\u8cea}\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u4f86\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\uff08Chemical substance\uff09 \u8b6f\u8005:\u6cf0\u5c71\u9ad8\u4e2d \u90b1\u5927\u80b2\u8001\u5e2b chem sub001.JPG …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,63,62],"tags":[1456],"class_list":["post-4309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry04-01","category-chemistry04","tag-1456","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-63","cat-62","no-thumbnail"],"views":13021,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4309"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":85610,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4309\/revisions\/85610"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}