{"id":38438,"date":"2011-08-30T10:22:49","date_gmt":"2011-08-30T02:22:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=38438"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:23:08","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:23:08","slug":"%e4%ba%ba%e9%a1%9e%e8%88%87%e7%92%b0%e5%a2%83%e7%9a%84%e7%9b%b8%e4%ba%92%e8%81%af%e7%b9%ab%ef%bc%88%e4%ba%8c%ef%bc%89%e6%b0%ae%e5%be%aa%e7%92%b0-the-nitrogen-cascade","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e4%ba%ba%e9%a1%9e%e8%88%87%e7%92%b0%e5%a2%83%e7%9a%84%e7%9b%b8%e4%ba%92%e8%81%af%e7%b9%ab%ef%bc%88%e4%ba%8c%ef%bc%89%e6%b0%ae%e5%be%aa%e7%92%b0-the-nitrogen-cascade\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u806f\u7e6b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6c2e\u5faa\u74b0 (The nitrogen cascade)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u806f\u7e6b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6c2e\u5faa\u74b0 (The nitrogen cascade)<\/span>
\n\u82b1\u84ee\u7e23\u7acb\u5b9c\u660c\u570b\u4e2d\u7406\u5316\u79d1\u6797\u5efa\u7fa9\u6559\u5e2b\/\u7f8e\u570bStony Brook University\u738b\u745c\u541b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u601d\u8003\u554f\u984c\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u70ba\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u8fb2\u696d\u751f\u7522\u91cf\uff0c\u80a5\u6599\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u964d\u4f4e\u80a5\u6599\u4f7f\u7528\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. \u89c0\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f60\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u9109\u93ae\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u6cb3\u5ddd\u6216\u6e56\u6cca\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u6709\u512a\u990a\u5316\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1f\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f86\u6e1b\u7de9\u9019\u4e9b\u73fe\u8c61\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/a>

\u57161\uff1a\u6c2e\u5faa\u74b0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u97ff (\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u5168\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u5c55\u671b4\u300bp. 371)<\/p><\/div>\n

(\u4e0a\u5716\u53ef\u9ede\u64ca\u653e\u5927)<\/p>\n

\n\u4eba\u985e\u6d3b\u52d5\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u9020\u6210\u591a\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u5f9e\u7926\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u71c3\u71d2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5316\u80a5\u4f7f\u7528\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u91cb\u653e\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u6c2e(reactive nitrogen, \u7c21\u7a31Nr)\u3002\u6d3b\u6027\u6c2e\u7684\u6392\u653e\u91cf\u5f9e1860\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\u5df2\u7d93\u589e\u9577\u4e8610\u500d\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5316\u80a5\u7684\u597d\u8655\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7ce7\u98df\u7522\u91cf\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6eff\u8db3\u4e86\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u9577\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u548c\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u9577\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u98df\u54c1\u6d88\u8017\u91cf\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a31\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u6c2e\u80a5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u571f\u58e4\u6fd5\u5ea6\u3001\u65bd\u7528\u5316\u80a5\u7684\u6642\u6a5f\u3001\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u3001\u571f\u58e4\u54c1\u8cea\u548c\u985e\u578b\u3001\u8015\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3b\u8981\u5b8f\u89c0\u990a\u5206(\u6c2e(N)\u3001\u78f7(P)\u3001\u9240(K))\u7684\u53ef\u7372\u5f97\u6027\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u7522\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u571f\u58e4\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u548c\u80a5\u6c83\u5ea6\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u571f\u58e4\u80a5\u6c83\u5ea6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u63aa\u65bd\u662f\u65bd\u52a0\u7121\u6a5f\u80a5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u537b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6c2e\u6d41\u5931\u5230\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u65bd\u80a5\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u548c\u6642\u6a5f\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u53ea\u8981\u9019\u4e9b\u6c2e\u5728\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u6d3b\u6027\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5f71\u97ff\u5c31\u5c07\u6301\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u6d3b\u6027\u6c2e\u5b58\u5132\u5f88\u9577\u6642\u9593\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8f49\u5316\u5230\u975e\u6d3b\u6027\uff08non-reactive\uff09\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u505c\u6b62\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u89e3\u6c7a\u55ae\u7368\u4e00\u7a2e\u74b0\u5883\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u63aa\u65bd\u53ea\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u7a2e\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u63a1\u7528\u517c\u9867\u591a\u7a2e\u806f\u7e6b\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5fb9\u5e95\u907f\u514d\u6d3b\u6027\u6c2e\u7684\u7522\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6c2e\u7d20\u88ab\u7528\u65bc\u88fd\u9020\u53ef\u9032\u884c\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528<\/a>\u4f9b\u690d\u7269\u751f\u9577\u7684\u8449\u7da0\u7d20\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52a0\u5de5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u662f\u5c07\u6c23\u614b\u7684\u6e38\u96e2\u614b<\/a>\u6c2e\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u53ef\u88ab\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u5438\u6536\u7684\u5316\u5408\u614b<\/a>\u6c2e\u7684\u5fc5\u7d93\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6c2e\u7d20\u7531\u9583\u96fb<\/a>\u6240\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6c2e\u7d20\u88ab\u975e\u5171\u751f\u6216\u5171\u751f\u7684\u56fa\u6c2e\u7d30\u83cc<\/a>\u6240\u56fa\u5b9a\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7d30\u83cc\u64c1\u6709\u53ef\u4fc3\u9032\u6c2e\u6c23\u548c\u6c2b\u5316\u548c\u6210\u70ba\u6c28<\/a>\u7684\u56fa\u6c2e\u9176<\/a>\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6c28\u518d\u88ab\u9019\u7a2e\u7d30\u83cc\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8f49\u5316\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u8eab\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u67d0\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fa\u6c2e\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6839\u7624\u83cc<\/a> (Rhizobia)\uff0c\u5bc4\u751f\u5728\u8c46\u79d1\u690d\u7269<\/a>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8c4c\u8c46<\/a>\u6216\u8836\u8c46<\/a>\uff09\u7684\u6839\u7624<\/a>\u4e2d\uff08\u57162\u548c\u57163\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7d30\u83cc\u548c\u690d\u7269\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e92\u5229\u5171\u751f<\/a>\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u70ba\u690d\u7269\u751f\u7522\u6c28\u4ee5\u63db\u53d6\u7cd6\u985e<\/a>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u901a\u904e\u683d\u7a2e\u8c46\u79d1\u690d\u7269<\/a>\u4f7f\u6c2e\u7d20\u8ca7\u7620\u7684\u571f\u5730\u8b8a\u5f97\u80a5\u6c83\u3002\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u690d\u7269\u53ef\u4f9b\u5efa\u7acb\u9019\u7a2e\u5171\u751f\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\"\"<\/a>
\n\u5716\u4e8c(\u5de6\u5716)\uff1a\u8836\u8c46\u82b1\u3002\u5716\u4e09(\u53f3\u5716)\uff1a\u8836\u8c46\u83a2\u679c\u3002(\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1ahttp:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%A0%B6%E8%B1%86)<\/p>\n

\u92a8\u96e2\u5b50\uff08NH4<\/sub>+<\/sup>\uff09\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728\u571f\u58e4\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8150\u690d\u8cea<\/a>\u548c\u7c98\u571f<\/a>\u4e2d\u3002\u800c\u785d\u9178\u6839\u96e2\u5b50\uff08NO3<\/sub>\u2212<\/sup>\uff09\u548c\u4e9e\u785d\u9178\u6839\u96e2\u5b50\uff08NO2<\/sub>\u2212<\/sup>\uff09\u5247\u56e0\u5b83\u5011\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8ca0\u96fb\u6027\u800c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728\u6b63\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u4ea4\u63db\u9ede\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8150\u690d\u8cea\uff09\u591a\u65bc\u8ca0\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u571f\u58e4\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u96e8\u5f8c\u6216\u704c\u6e89\u5f8c\uff0c\u6d41\u5931\uff08\u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\u96e2\u5b50\u8b6c\u5982\u785d\u9178\u6839\u548c\u4e9e\u785d\u9178\u6839\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\uff09\u5230\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u7d93\u5e38\u6703\u767c\u751f\u3002
\n <\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

\u57164\uff1a2005\u5e74\u5317\u4eac\u52d5\u7269\u5712\u4e2d\u6c34\u7cfb\u767c\u751f\u7684\u512a\u990a\u5316 (\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1ahttp:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Water_blooms.JPG)<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/strong>
\n <\/strong>\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2d\u785d\u9178\u9e7d\u542b\u91cf\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u95dc\u4fc2\u5230\u98f2\u7528\u6c34\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6c34\u4e2d\u904e\u91cf\u7684\u785d\u9178\u6839\u96e2\u5b50\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5b30\u5e7c\u5152\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u6c27\u6fc3\u5ea6\u4e26\u5c0e\u81f4\u9ad8\u9435\u8840\u7d05\u86cb\u767d\u75c7<\/a>\u6216\u85cd\u5b30\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\uff08Blue-baby Syndrome\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u6d41\u5411\u6eaa\u5ddd\uff0c\u5bcc\u785d\u9178\u9e7d\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u5730\u9762\u6c34\u9ad4\u7684\u512a\u990a\u5316<\/a>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u85cd\u85fb\u83cc\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u85fb\u985e\u5927\u91cf\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6c34\u751f\u751f\u7269\u56e0\u7f3a\u6c27\u800c\u5927\u91cf\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u50cf\u92a8<\/a>\u4e00\u6a23\u5c0d\u9b5a\u985e\u6709\u6bd2\uff0c\u785d\u9178\u9e7d\u53ef\u901a\u904e\u5bcc\u71df\u990a\u4f5c\u7528\u9593\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u9b5a\u985e\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u6c2e\u7d20\u5df2\u7d93\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6c34\u9ad4\u7684\u512a\u990a\u5316(eutrophication)\u554f\u984c\uff08\u57164\uff09\u3002\u5f9e2006\u5e74<\/a>\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u570b<\/a>\u548c\u7f8e\u570b<\/a>\u4f7f\u7528\u6c2e\u80a5<\/a>\u5c07\u53d7\u5230\u66f4\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u78f7\u80a5<\/a>\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e5f\u5c07\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u6cbb\u7406\u6062\u5fa9\u88ab\u512a\u990a\u5316\u7684\u6c34\u9ad4\u800c\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u3002
\n <\/strong>
\n <\/strong>
\n <\/strong>
\n <\/strong>
\n <\/strong>
\n <\/strong>
\n <\/strong>
\n <\/strong>
\n\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a <\/strong>
\n1. \u82f1\u6587\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff1aClimate change feedback \uff08http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Climate_change_feedback<\/a>\uff09
\n2. \u4e2d\u6587\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff1a\u6c2e\u5faa\u74b0 \uff08http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B0%AE%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0<\/a>\uff09
\n3. \u4e2d\u6587\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff1a\u512a\u990a\u5316 \uff08http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8D%8E<\/a>\uff09
\n4. United Nations Environment Programme 2007: Global Environment Outlook \u2013 environment for development (GEO-4)<\/em>. \uff08\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\uff1a\u806f\u5408\u570b\u74b0\u5883\u898f\u5283\u7f722007\uff1a\u300a\u5168\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u5c55\u671b4 \u2014\u2014\u65e8\u5728\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\u3002\uff08http:\/\/www.unep.org\/geo\/GEO4\/report\/GEO-4_Report_Full_CH.pdf<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u806f\u7e6b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6c2e\u5faa\u74b0 (The nitrogen cascade) \u82b1\u84ee\u7e23\u7acb\u5b9c\u660c\u570b\u4e2d\u7406\u5316\u79d1\u6797\u5efa\u7fa9\u6559…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4809,4808,4719,4803,6446],"tags":[4191,4190,4476],"class_list":["post-38438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-energy13-02","category-energy13-01","category-energy00","category-energy13","category-energy13-04","tag-nitrogen-cascade","tag-4190","tag-environment-vs-development","avhec_catgroup-all","loop-entry","cat-4809","cat-4808","cat-4719","cat-4803","cat-6446","no-thumbnail"],"views":9148,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38438","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38438"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38438\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":87920,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38438\/revisions\/87920"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}