{"id":3492,"date":"2008-07-30T12:25:09","date_gmt":"2008-07-30T04:25:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=3492"},"modified":"2021-10-06T15:59:15","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T07:59:15","slug":"%e6%b4%aa%e5%be%b7%ef%bc%88friedrich-hund%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e6%b4%aa%e5%be%b7%ef%bc%88friedrich-hund%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6d2a\u5fb7 (Friedrich Hund)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u6d2a\u5fb7 (Friedrich Hund)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u9ad8\u96c4\u4e2d\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u79d1 \u9f94\u81ea\u656c\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u8463\u9a30\u5143\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6d2a\u5fb7(Friedrich Hund\uff09\u662f\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u65bc1896 \u5e742\u67084 \u65e5\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u5361\u723e\u65af\u5384 (Karlsruhe)\uff0c1997\u5e74 3\u670831 \u65e5\u901d\u4e16\u65bc\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839(G\u00f6ttingen)\uff0c\u4eab\u5e74101\u6b72\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_61545\" style=\"width: 227px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/07\/HundFriedrich_1920er_G\u00f6ttingen.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-61545\" class=\"wp-image-61545 \" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/07\/HundFriedrich_1920er_G\u00f6ttingen.jpg\" alt=\"Hund,Friedrich_1920er_G\u00f6ttingen\" width=\"217\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/07\/HundFriedrich_1920er_G\u00f6ttingen.jpg 614w, http:\/\/localhost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/07\/HundFriedrich_1920er_G\u00f6ttingen-210x300.jpg 210w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 217px) 100vw, 217px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-61545\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u6d2a\u5fb7\u3002\uff08\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u6d2a\u5fb7\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6709\u95dc\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u800c\u5f97\u4eab\u76db\u540d\u3002\u6d2a\u5fb7\u66fe\u7d93\u670d\u52d9\u65bc\u7f85\u65af\u6258\u514b (Rostock)\u3001\u840a\u6bd4\u932b (Leipzig)\u3001\u8036\u62ff (Jena)\u3001Frankfurt-am-main\u548c\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839 (G\u00f6ttingen)\u7b49\u4e94\u6240\u5927\u5b78\u3002\u4ed6\u8207\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u540d\u671b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u50cf\u859b\u4e01\u683c (Schr\u00f6dinger)\u3001\u72c4\u62c9\u514b (Dirac)\u3001\u6d77\u68ee\u5821 (Heisenberg)\u548c\u6ce2\u6069\u90fd\u66fe\u5408\u4f5c\u904e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u6642\u4ed6\u662f\u6ce2\u6069\u7684\u52a9\u7406\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u4ee5\u91cf\u5b50\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u96d9\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5e36\u72c0\u5149\u8b5c (band spectra)\u3002 \u6d2a\u5fb7\u5728\u99ac\u5821 (Marburg)\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u4fee\u7fd2\u6578\u5b78\u3001\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5730\u7406\u5f8c\uff0c\u65bc1925\u5e74\u4ed6\u64d4\u4efb\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff1b\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5206\u5225\u5728\u7f85\u65af\u6258\u514b (1927)\u3001\u840a\u6bd4\u932b(1929)\u3001 \u8036\u62ff(1946)\u3001Frankfurt\/Main (1951)\u64d4\u4efb\u6559\u6388\uff0c \u4e26\u4e14\u5f9e1957 \u5e74\u8d77\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u65bc1926\u5e74\u5728\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u8207\u6ce2\u8033 (Niels Bohr)\u5171\u4e8b\uff1b1928\u5e74\u5728\u528d\u6a4b\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u99ac\u85a9\u8af8\u585e\u8209\u8fa6\u300c\u539f\u5b50\u300d\u4e4b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6d2a\u5fb7\u81f3\u5c11\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u8d85\u904e250 \u7bc7\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u548c\u6563\u6587\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u6700\u7279\u5225\u7684\u662f\u5728\u95dc\u65bc\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u5149\u8b5c\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1926\u5e74\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u7a7f\u96a7\u6548\u61c9\u300d(Tunnel Effect)\uff0c\u800c\u6d2a\u5fb7\u5b9a\u5247 (Hund&#8217;s rule)\u5373\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4f86\u547d\u540d\u3002\u6d2a\u5fb7\u5b9a\u5247\u53ef\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6216\u652f\u914d\u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u614b (electron configurations)\u5728\u5149\u8b5c\u5b78\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u5b78\u4e0a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u5728\u5316\u5b78\u4e0a\uff0c\u898f\u52471 (rule one) \u7279\u5225\u91cd\u8981\u800c\u4e14\u7d93\u5e38\u5c31\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u7a31\u70ba\u3008\u6d2a\u5fb7\u5b9a\u5247\u3009\u3002\u4ed6\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u79d1\u5b78\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u9662 (International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science)\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u54e1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u85c9\u8457\u6d2a\u5fb7100\u6b72\u751f\u65e5\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u4ed6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u56de\u9867\u66f8(Friedrich Hund)\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u3002\u300cGeschichte der physikalischen Begriffe [history of physics terms&#8221;&gt; (Heidelberg, Berlin, Oxford), Spektrum, Akademie Verlag 1996\u300d\u3010\u570b\u969b\u6a19\u6e96\u66f8\u865f3-8274-0083-X\u3011 \uff1b\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u69ae\u8b7d\u52a0\u8af8\u6d2a\u5fb7\uff0c\u5982Jena\/Saale \u7684\u540d\u8b7d\u516c\u6c11\u3001\u8036\u62ff\u7684\u4e00\u689d\u8857\u9053\u53ca\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u65b0\u5efa\u7bc9\u7686\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4f86\u547d\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6d2a\u5fb7 (Friedrich Hund) \u9ad8\u96c4\u4e2d\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u79d1 \u9f94\u81ea\u656c\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u8463\u9a30\u5143\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f \u6d2a\u5fb7&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,55,54],"tags":[7976,7870,2584],"class_list":["post-3492","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry02-01","category-chemistry02","tag-friedrich-hund","tag-hund","tag-2584","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-55","cat-54","no-thumbnail"],"views":3635,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3492","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3492"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3492\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":85612,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3492\/revisions\/85612"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3492"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3492"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3492"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}