{"id":3471,"date":"2008-10-03T12:16:19","date_gmt":"2008-10-03T04:16:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=3471"},"modified":"2021-10-06T15:59:43","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T07:59:43","slug":"%e9%80%b1%e6%9c%9f%e8%a1%a8%e7%9a%84%e7%b5%90%e6%a7%8b%ef%bc%88structure-of-the-periodic-table%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e9%80%b1%e6%9c%9f%e8%a1%a8%e7%9a%84%e7%b5%90%e6%a7%8b%ef%bc%88structure-of-the-periodic-table%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9031\u671f\u8868\u7684\u7d50\u69cb"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u9031\u671f\u8868\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u00a0(Structure of the periodic table)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u9ad8\u96c4\u4e2d\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u79d1\u9f94\u81ea\u656c\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b78\u8463\u9a30\u5143\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95dc\u9375\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u614b (electron configuration)\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u50f9\u6bbc\u5c64 (valence shell)\u96fb\u5b50\u5c07\u986f\u73fe\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u50f9\u6bbc\u5c64\uff08\u6700\u5916\u5c64\uff09\u96fb\u5b50\u6b78\u99d0 (reside)\u7684\u8ecc\u57df\u985e\u578b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5b83\u5728\u9031\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u5340\u584a\u300d(block)\uff1b\u800c\u50f9\u96fb\u5b50\u6578\u76ee\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5b83\u5728\u9031\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u65cf\u300d(block)\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6700\u5916\u5c64\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6027\u8cea,\u50f9\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\u8005\u88ab\u7de8\u5165\u540c\u4e00\u300c\u65cf\u300d\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u300c\u65cf\u300d\u4e2d\u5f9e\u6700\u8f15\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5230\u6700\u91cd\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6700\u5916\u5c64\u96fb\u5b50\uff08\u90a3\u4e9b\u8f03\u6613\u53c3\u8207\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u8005\uff09\u5168\u90e8\u5728\u540c\u6a23\u985e\u578b\u7684\u8ecc\u57df\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8ecc\u57df\u5f62\u72c0\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u968e\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u9ad8\uff0c\u8207\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8ddd\u96e2\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u9060\u3002\u5404\u4e3b\u6bbc\u5c64\u88ab\u5283\u5206\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u526f\u6bbc\u5c64 (subshells)\uff0c \u7576\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u9010\u6f38\u8b8a\u5927\u6642\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u9032\u5165\u8ecc\u57df\u4ecd\u9808\u9075\u5faa\u300c\u69cb\u7bc9\u539f\u7406\u300d(Aufbau principle)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff1a<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/3471-1-s.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15421\" title=\"3471-1-s\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/3471-1-s.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"153\" height=\"272\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u6700\u5916\u5c64\u7684\u6bbc\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u9031\u671f\u8868\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5340\u584a\u6709\u6642\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u9031\u671f\u8868\u5340\u584a (periodic table blocks)\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u547d\u540d\u6839\u64da\u300c\u6700\u5f8c\u300d \u96fb\u5b50\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u526f\u6bbc\u5c64\uff0c\u5373s-\u5340\u3001 p-\u5340\u3001d -\u5340\u548cf -\u5340\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u4e0b\u5217\u4e09\u5927\u985e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1. \u4e3b\u65cf\u5143\u7d20 (main group elements)\uff1a\u5176\u50f9\u96fb\u5b50\u67091~8\u500b\uff0c\u4f54\u64da\u8457s\u8207p\u8ecc\u57df\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3b\u65cf\u5143\u7d20\u4e5f\u7a31\u70bas-\u5340\u5143\u7d20 (s-block elements)\u53ca p-\u5340\u5143\u7d20 (p-block elements)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2. \u904e\u6e21\u5143\u7d20\uff08transition elements\uff09\uff1a\u9031\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7b2c3~12\u65cf\u70ba\u904e\u6e21\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7531\u7b2c\u56db\u9031\u671f\u8d77\uff0c\u50f9\u96fb\u5b50\u586b\u6effns\u5f8c\u518d\u586b\u5165(n-1) d\u8ecc\u57df\uff0c\u7a31\u70bad\u5340\u5143\u7d20 (d-block elements)\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u5747\u70ba\u91d1\u5c6c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u591a\u7a2e\u6c27\u5316\u614b\uff0c\u6027\u8cea\u8f03\u591a\u8b8a\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3. \u5167\u904e\u6e21\u5143\u7d20 (inner transition elements)\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u946d\u7cfb (lanthanide)\u53ca\u9312\u7cfb (actinide) \u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u5747\u70ba\u91d1\u5c6c\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u5916\u5c64\u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u614b\u6d89\u53caf\u8ecc\u57df\uff0c\u7a31\u70baf\u5340\u5143\u7d20 (f-block elements)\uff0c\u6b64\u5340\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5143\u7d20\u5177\u6709\u653e\u5c04\u6027\uff0c\u4e14\u591a\u6578\u70ba\u4eba\u5de5\u88fd\u5099\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0b\u5716\u6240\u793a:<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/3471-2-s.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-15423\" title=\"3471-2-s\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/11\/3471-2-s.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"541\" height=\"340\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u95dc\u65bc\u5143\u7d20Ununbium\u3001 ununtrium \u3001ununquadium\u7b49\uff0c \u5b83\u5011\u662f\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c \u4f46\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\u672a\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u9031\u671f\u8868\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u00a0(Structure of the periodic table) \u9ad8\u96c4\u4e2d\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u79d1\u9f94\u81ea\u656c\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,55,54],"tags":[1013],"class_list":["post-3471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry02-01","category-chemistry02","tag-1013","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-55","cat-54","no-thumbnail"],"views":14021,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3471","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3471"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3471\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":85758,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3471\/revisions\/85758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3471"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3471"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3471"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}