{"id":3292,"date":"2008-06-29T11:20:24","date_gmt":"2008-06-29T11:20:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=3292"},"modified":"2021-10-06T15:58:41","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T07:58:41","slug":"%e7%b4%84%e7%bf%b0%e2%80%a7%e9%81%93%e8%80%b3%e9%a0%93%ef%bc%88john-dalton%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e7%b4%84%e7%bf%b0%e2%80%a7%e9%81%93%e8%80%b3%e9%a0%93%ef%bc%88john-dalton%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7d04\u7ff0\u2027\u9053\u8033\u9813(John Dalton)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7d04\u7ff0\u2027\u9053\u8033\u9813(John Dalton)<\/span>
\n\u9ad8\u96c4\u5e02\u7acb\u9ad8\u96c4\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u9673\u6587\u975c\u8001\u5e2b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9053\u8033\u9813\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u8cb4\u683c\u6703\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7e54\u5e03\u5de5\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u3002\u81ea\u5e7c\u8070\u7a4e\u904e\u4eba\uff0c\u5341\u4e94\u6b72\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u548c\u54e5\u54e5\u7d04\u62ff\u55ae(Jonathan)\u4e00\u540c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u6240\u574e\u5f97\u723e(Kendal)\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u8cb4\u683c\u6d3e\u4fe1\u5f92\u5b78\u6821\u30021790\u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u9053\u8033\u9813\u66fe\u8003\u616e\u5538\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u91ab\u5b78\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u89aa\u621a\u4e26\u4e0d\u9f13\u52f5\u4ed6\u53bb\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u82f1\u570b\u5927\u5b78\u6392\u65a5\u975e\u82f1\u570b\u570b\u6559\u7684\u6559\u5f92\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7559\u5728\u574e\u5f97\u723e\u3002\u76f4\u52301793\u5e74\u7684\u6625\u5929\uff0c\u9053\u8033\u9813\u642c\u5230\u66fc\u5fb9\u65af\u7279\uff0c\u64d4\u4efb\u65b0\u5b78\u9662(New College)\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b78\u6559\u5e2b\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u4f4d\u76f2\u773c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7d04\u7ff0\u9ad8\u592b(John Gough)\u7684\u63a8\u85a6\u624d\u5230\u66fc\u5fb9\u65af\u7279\u9019\u6240\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u5b78\u9662\u4efb\u6559\u7684\u3002\u9ad8\u592b\u5f88\u535a\u5b78\uff0c\u66fe\u548c\u9053\u8033\u9813\u5728\u5c71\u4e0a\u67b6\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5929\u6c23\u89c0\u6e2c\u7ad9\uff0c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5730\u6559\u4e86\u9053\u8033\u9813\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u9053\u8033\u9813\u5728\u66fc\u5fb9\u65af\u7279\u7684\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u52301800\u5e74\uff0c\u5b78\u9662\u8ca1\u653f\u60e1\u5316\uff0c\u624d\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8fad\u53bb\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u8077\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u5728\u66fc\u5fb9\u65af\u7279\u505a\u6578\u5b78\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u6559\u5e2b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9053\u8033\u9813\u65e9\u671f\u6df1\u53d7\u9df9\u7530\u93ae(Eaglesfield)\u4e00\u4f4d\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u8cb4\u683c\u6d3e\u4fe1\u5f92\u9b6f\u8cd3\u905c(Elihu Robinson)\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9b6f\u8cd3\u905c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u80fd\u5e79\u7684\u6c23\u8c61\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u5100\u5668\u88fd\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u555f\u767c\u4e86\u9053\u8033\u9813\u5c0d\u6578\u5b78\u548c\u6c23\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u5728\u574e\u5f97\u723e\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u9053\u8033\u9813\u5728\u300c\u7d33\u58eb\u4ed5\u5973\u65e5\u8a8c\u300d(Gentlemen’s and Ladies’ Diaries)\u7684\u520a\u7269\u4e0a\u66fe\u5c31\u5404\u7a2e\u4e3b\u984c\u63d0\u4f9b\u554f\u984c\u548c\u89e3\u7b54\u3002\u4ed6\u5f9e1787\u5e74\u8d77\u958b\u59cb\u5beb\u6c23\u8c61\u65e5\u8a8c\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c57\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\uff0c\u5f9e\u672a\u9593\u65b7\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u5171\u4f5c\u4e86\u8d85\u904e\u4e8c\u5341\u842c\u6b21\u7684\u6c23\u8c61\u89c0\u6e2c\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6c23\u8c61\u7d00\u9304\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u904e\u4e16\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u505a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9053\u8033\u9813\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u51fa\u7248\u662f1793\u5e74\u7684\u300c\u6c23\u8c61\u89c0\u6e2c\u96dc\u8a18\u300d\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u91cd\u8981\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u96db\u578b\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u5275\u898b\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u4e26\u672a\u5f15\u8d77\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u9053\u8033\u9813\u57281801\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u6587\u6cd5\u57fa\u8981(Elements of English Grammar)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57281794\u5e74\uff0c\u9053\u8033\u9813\u5230\u66fc\u5fb9\u65af\u7279\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab\u9078\u70ba\u66fc\u5fb9\u65af\u7279\u6587\u5b78\u66a8\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u6703\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31\u300c\u6587\u54f2\u6703\u300d(Lit & Phil)\u7684\u6703\u54e1\u3002\u5e7e\u9031\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5feb\u8a0a\u8ad6\u6587\u300c\u95dc\u65bc\u984f\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u7570\u5e38\u73fe\u8c61\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u5047\u8a2d\u5c0d\u984f\u8272\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u7f3a\u9677\u662f\u7531\u773c\u7403\u6db2\u9ad4\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u8272\u8b8a\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u8996\u89ba\u984f\u8272\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5c1a\u672a\u53d7\u5230\u6b63\u8996\uff0c\u9053\u8033\u9813\u4ee5\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u8a73\u76e1\u800c\u6709\u689d\u4e0d\u7d0a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5176\u7406\u8ad6\u672a\u7372\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u300c\u9053\u8033\u9813\u75c7\u300d(Daltonism)\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u8272\u76f2\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u30021995\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u907a\u7559\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u773c\u73e0\u7d93\u904e\u6aa2\u9a57\uff0c\u9053\u8033\u9813\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5c6c\u65bc\u8f03\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38\u7684\u8272\u76f2\uff0c\u4ed6\u7f3a\u5c11\u8fa8\u8b58\u4e2d\u6ce2\u9577\u7684\u9310\u9ad4\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u611f\u5149\u7d30\u80de\u7a81\u8b8a\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5c0b\u5e38\u985e\u578b\u8272\u76f2\u3002 \u9664\u4e86\u85cd\u8272\u548c\u7d2b\u8272\u4ee5\u5916\u4ed6\u53ea\u80fd\u8fa8\u8b58\u9ec3\u8272\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8ad6\u6587\u5167\u6558\u8ff0\uff0c\u300c\u7d05\u8272\u5f71\u50cf\u5c0d\u6211\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u9670\u5f71\u6216\u6709\u7455\u75b5\u7684\u5149\u3002\u5c0d\u6211\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6a59\u8272\u3001\u9ec3\u8272\u548c\u7da0\u8272\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f9e\u4eae\u9ec3\u5230\u6de1\u9ec3\u7684\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\uff0c\u6211\u8a72\u628a\u5b83\u7a31\u505a\u4e0d\u540c\u6fc3\u6de1\u8272\u5ea6\u7684\u9ec3\u8272\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

1800\u5e74\u4ed6\u64d4\u4efb\u66fc\u5fb9\u65af\u7279\u6587\u54f2\u6703\u7684\u66f8\u8a18\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u300c\u5be6\u9a57\u8ad6\u6587\u300d\u70ba\u984c\uff0c\u53e3\u982d\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u8ad6\u53ca\u6df7\u5408\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u7d44\u6210\uff1b\u5728\u771f\u7a7a\u548c\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e2d\u7684\u6c34\u84b8\u6c23\u58d3\u529b\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u84b8\u6c23\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u58d3\u529b\uff1b\u84b8\u767c\uff1b\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u71b1\u81a8\u8139\u7b49\u30021802\u5e74\uff0c\u9019\u56db\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u6587\u54f2\u6703\u7684\u6703\u520a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u8d77\u982d\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\uff1a\u300c\u6bcb\u5eb8\u81f4\u7591\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u58d3\u7e2e\u81a8\u8139\u7684\u6d41\u9ad4(elastic fluids)\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u58d3\u7e2e\u6210\u6db2\u9ad4\uff0c\u5728\u4f4e\u6eab\u4e0b\u65bd\u58d3\u65bc\u672a\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u842c\u7121\u4e00\u5931\u7684\u505a\u5230\u3002\u300d\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u7406\u7531\u63a8\u65b7\uff1a\u540c\u58d3\u6642\u5f48\u6027\u6d41\u9ad4\u53d7\u71b1\u6703\u81a8\u8139\uff1b\u4e14\u6eab\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\u6642\uff0c\u548c\u6c34\u9280\u7684\u81a8\u8139\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c23\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5730\u81a8\u8139\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff0c\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u71b1\u91cf\u5c0d\u5f48\u6027\u6d41\u9ad4\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8cea\u4f86\u5f97\u66f4\u660e\u986f\u3002\u300d
\n\u4ed6\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u7d66\u5442\u85a9\u514b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u53ca\u67e5\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c1802\u5e74\u7531\u7d66\u5442\u85a9\u514b(Gay Lussac)\u767c\u8868\u3002\u5176\u5f8c\u7684\u5169\u3001\u4e09\u5e74\u4e2d\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6709\u540d\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\u5206\u58d3\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u53c8\u7a31\u70ba\u9053\u8033\u9813\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9053\u8033\u9813\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7576\u5c6c\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6(Atomic Theory)\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u8207\u9053\u8033\u9813\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5df2\u662f\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9053\u8033\u9813\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u860a\u80b2\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u6539\u8b8a\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5ff5\u982d\u5462\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6e6f\u59c6\u751f(Thomas Thomson)\u8a18\u8ff0\u9053\u8033\u9813\u7684\u66f8\u4e2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8a8d\u70ba\u9053\u8033\u9813\u5c0d\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u5c31\u4e59\u70ef\u6216\u7532\u70f7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u5c0d\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u4e8c\u6c2e\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u6c2e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u6839\u64da\u5728\u6587\u54f2\u6703\u627e\u5230\u7684\u9053\u8033\u9813\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7b46\u8a18\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u9053\u8033\u9813\u8a8d\u70ba\u7269\u8cea\u662f\u7531\u57fa\u672c\u55ae\u4f4d\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u7d14\u7269\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u6e90\u65bc\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u500d\u6bd4\u5b9a\u5f8b(Law of multiple proportions)\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u9a45\u4f7f\u4ed6\u63a2\u7a76\u5927\u6c23\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6c23\u9ad4\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u9053\u8033\u9813\u57281803\u5e7410\u670821\u65e5\u767c\u8868\u5c0d\u6c23\u9ad4\u5438\u6536\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u6642\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u63d0\u5230\u4ed6\u9019\u500b\u5283\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u57281805\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u6c34\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5de8\u96c6\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u66fe\u5145\u5206\u8003\u616e\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u8aaa\u670d\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5168\u7136\u6eff\u610f\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u6c23\u9ad4\u90fd\u6709\u5177\u91cd\u91cf\u8207\u6578\u76ee\u7684\u7d42\u6975\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u9053\u8033\u9813\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u6c7a\u5b9a\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7d04\u7ff0\u2027\u9053\u8033\u9813(John Dalton) \u9ad8\u96c4\u5e02\u7acb\u9ad8\u96c4\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u9673\u6587\u975c\u8001\u5e2b \u9053\u8033\u9813\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u8cb4\u683c\u6703\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7e54\u5e03\u5de5…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,79,77],"tags":[1123,1117,1122],"class_list":["post-3292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry08-02","category-chemistry08","tag-john-dalton","tag-1117","tag-1122","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-79","cat-77","no-thumbnail"],"views":5175,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3292","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3292"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3292\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":85518,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3292\/revisions\/85518"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}