{"id":3196,"date":"2009-07-10T10:49:31","date_gmt":"2009-07-10T02:49:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=3196"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:48:47","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:48:47","slug":"ph%e5%80%bc%ef%bc%88ph-value%ef%bc%89%e7%9a%84%e6%84%8f%e7%be%a9%e5%8f%8a%e7%99%bc%e5%b1%95%e6%ad%b7%e5%8f%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/ph%e5%80%bc%ef%bc%88ph-value%ef%bc%89%e7%9a%84%e6%84%8f%e7%be%a9%e5%8f%8a%e7%99%bc%e5%b1%95%e6%ad%b7%e5%8f%b2\/","title":{"rendered":"pH\u503c\uff08pH Value\uff09\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u53ca\u767c\u5c55\u6b77\u53f2"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">pH\u503c\uff08pH Value\uff09\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u53ca\u767c\u5c55\u6b77\u53f2<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u6797\u96c5\u51e1\u535a\u58eb\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u674e\u4fca\u6bc5\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9178\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u9178\u89e3\u96e2\u5e38\u6578Ka\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u6fc3\u5ea6[H<sup>+<\/sup>]\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u3002\u96a8\u84571890\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u96e2\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55\u6f38\u81fb\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u78ba\u5b9a\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u6fc3\u5ea6\u8207\u9178\u5ea6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1a[H<sup>+<\/sup>]\u503c\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u9178\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u5ef6\u7e8c19\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u71b1\u60c5\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u6f22\u65af\u2022\u5a01\u5ec9\u2022\u5361\u723e\u2022\u5f17\u862d\u5fb7\u6cf0\u723e\uff08Hans Wilhelm Karl Friedenthal, 1870-1943\uff09\u9664\u91cf\u6e2c\u591a\u7a2e\u6709\u6a5f\u5f31\u9178\u7684\u89e3\u96e2\u5e38\u6578\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u66f4\u88fd\u4f5c\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u6fc3\u5ea6\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u7f85\u5217\u51fa\u5728\u52a0\u5165\u690d\u7269\u67d3\u6599\uff08vegetable dye\uff09\u4f5c\u70ba\u6307\u793a\u5291\uff08indicator\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u6fc3\u5ea6\u8207\u986f\u73fe\u984f\u8272\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u5730\u8868\u9054\u300c\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u6fc3\u5ea6\u300d\u8207\u9178\u5ea6\u5927\u5c0f\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8a18\u8f09\u3002 \u5c07\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u767c\u63da\u5149\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e39\u9ea5\u751f\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u7d22\u502b\u2022\u5f7c\u5f97\u2022\u52de\u91cc\u8332\u2022\u7d22\u502b\u68ee\uff08S\u00f8ren Peter Lauritz S\u00f8rensen, 1868-1939\uff09\u3002\u81ea1901\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u7d22\u502b\u68ee\u4e00\u76f4\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u9175\u7d20\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u61c9\uff08enzyme-catalyzed reaction\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ee5\u50b3\u7d71\u9178\u9e7c\u6ef4\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u9175\u7d20\u53cd\u61c9\u4e26\u4e0d\u9069\u5b9c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u9178\u9e7c\u5ea6\u9664\u4e86\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u96fb\u8377\u5206\u96e2\u6548\u61c9\u9054\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u6709\u4e9b\u53d7\u8cea\uff08substrate\uff09\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u9178\u6216\u9e7c\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u8aa4\u5dee\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u9178\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5f37\u5ea6\uff08\u539f\u6587\uff1awirklichen sauregrad; \u82f1\u8b6f\uff1areal degree of acidity\uff09\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u5f0f\u61c9\u662f\u6e2c\u91cf\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>1907\u5e74\uff0c\u7d22\u502b\u68ee\u5148\u4ee5\u50b3\u7d71\u9178\u9e7c\u6ef4\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u9175\u7d20\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u57281909\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u6539\u4ee5\u6c2b\u96fb\u6975\u96fb\u89e3\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6c34\u4e2d\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u6fc3\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u57281889\u5e74\u9996\u5148\u7531\u5fb7\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u80fd\u65af\u7279\uff08Walther Hermann Nernst, 1864-1941\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5229\u7528\u6e2c\u91cf\u6c2b\u96fb\u6975\u96fb\u4f4d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f86\u5b9a\u91cf\u6c34\u4e2d\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u6fc3\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u80fd\u65af\u7279\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff08Nernst Equation\uff09\uff1a E=E<sub>0<\/sub> + (RT\/F)log [H+] \u5176\u4e2dE\u70ba\u6c2b\u96fb\u6975\u7684\u96fb\u52d5\u52e2\uff08electromotive force, \u7c21\u5beb\u70baemf\uff09\u3001E<sub>0<\/sub>\u70ba\u6c2b\u96fb\u6975\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u96fb\u52d5\u52e2\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5e38\u6578\uff0c\u800cR\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\u5e38\u6578\u3001T\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u6eab\u5ea6\u3001F\u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5e38\u6578\uff0c\u800c [H<sup>+<\/sup>] \u5373\u70ba\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3002\u57281909\u5e74\u7684\u767c\u8868\u7d50\u679c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d22\u502b\u68ee\u540c\u6642\u95e1\u660e\u4ee5-log[H<sup>+<\/sup>] \uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8207\u96fb\u52d5\u52e2\u5927\u5c0f\u6210\u7dda\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6578\u503c\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u9178\u5b9a\u91cf\u6cd5\uff08acidimetry\uff09\u7684\u597d\u8655\uff1b\u5728\u540c\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d22\u502b\u68ee\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fapH\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 \u6839\u64da\u7d22\u502b\u68ee1909\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u6240\u9673\u8ff0\u7684\uff0cpH\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u62c9\u4e01\u6587 \u201dpondus hydrogenii\u201d \u7684\u7e2e\u5beb\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u91dd\u5c0d\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u6fc3\u5ea6\u6975\u4f4e\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8868\u9054\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u4ee3\u8868\u300c\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u300d\uff0c\u7d22\u502b\u68ee\u4ee5\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u6307\u6578\uff08hydrogen ion exponent\uff09\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u6578\u5b78\u578b\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5373\u70ba\uff1a [H<sup>+<\/sup>] =10<sup>-pH<\/sup> pH=-log[H<sup>+<\/sup>]   \u7d22\u502b\u68ee\u63d0\u51fa\u7684pH\u503c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u5176\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u8868\u9054\u5f62\u5f0f\u537b\u51fa\u73fe\u5343\u767e\u7a2e\uff0c\u9023\u7d22\u502b\u68ee\u672c\u4eba\u90fd\u66fe\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u65b9\u5f0f\u767c\u8868\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u7684\u8b8a\u9769\uff0c\u8868\u9054\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u5f37\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u624d\u88ab\u78ba\u7acb\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7d22\u502b\u68ee\u90fd\u4ee5<em>p<\/em><sub>H*<\/sub>\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u5fb7\u3001\u6cd5\u7684\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u537b\u4ee5pH\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u82f1\u8a9e\u7cfb\u7684\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5P<sub>h\u2019<\/sub>\u3001 P<sub>H+<\/sub>\u7b49\u6a23\u5f0f\u767c\u8868\u3002\u76f4\u52301920\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u6703\u8a02\u51fa\u4ee5\u300epH\u300f\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u7d22\u502b\u68ee\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u6307\u6578\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u5b57\u8868\u9054\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u624d\u8de8\u8d8a\u570b\u5ea6\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u85e9\u7c6c\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u7d71\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2dpH\u88e1\u7684p\u70ba\u6a19\u6e96\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5c0f\u5beb\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u672a\u52a0\u659c\u9ad4\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u53ef\u652f\u6301\u82f1\u8a9e\u7684\u201dpower\u201d, \u5fb7\u8a9e\u7684\u201dPotenz\u201d\uff0c\u6cd5\u8a9e\u7684 \u201cpuissance\u201d\u53ca\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u88e1\u7684 \u201dpondus\u201d\uff1b\u4ee5\u5927\u5beb\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u9ad4H\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u800cH\u6b63\u662f\u6c2b\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5143\u7d20\u7b26\u865f\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u6587\u5b57\u8a18\u9304\u4e0d\u50c5\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u5920\u8cbc\u5207\u8868\u9054\u51fa\u5176\u5316\u5b78\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u6210\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u88e1\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u800c\u5bb6\u55bb\u6236\u66c9\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5176\u8a18\u9304\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e26\u88ab\u63a8\u5ee3\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8868\u9054\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4ee5pK<sub>a<\/sub>\uff08\u5373K<sub>a<\/sub>\u7684\u6307\u6578\uff09\u8868\u793a\u9178\u89e3\u96e2\u5e38\u6578K<sub>a<\/sub>\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u3002\u800c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8868\u9054\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c07\u7e41\u8907\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u7c21\u55ae\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u79d1\u5b78\u610f\u6db5\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u4e00\u76ee\u77ad\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\nLensey, M. S. <em>Today\u2019s Chemist at Work<\/em>, March 2003, 47-48. 2. Swain, P. A. <em>Sch. Sci. Rev.<\/em>, 2008, 89(329), 89-81. 3. Edwin, J. C. <em>J. Am. Chem. Soc.<\/em>, 1939, 61(10), 2573-2574.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>pH\u503c\uff08pH Value\uff09\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u53ca\u767c\u5c55\u6b77\u53f2 \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u6797\u96c5\u51e1\u535a\u58eb\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u674e\u4fca\u6bc5\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f \u9178&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,79,77],"tags":[1463,1461],"class_list":["post-3196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry08-02","category-chemistry08","tag-ph","tag-1461","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-79","cat-77","no-thumbnail"],"views":10441,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3196","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3196"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3196\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":90839,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3196\/revisions\/90839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}