{"id":30330,"date":"2011-07-13T08:25:56","date_gmt":"2011-07-13T00:25:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=30330"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:26:02","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:26:02","slug":"%e7%92%b0%e5%a2%83%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7%ef%bc%88environmental-policy-instruments%ef%bc%89%e7%9a%84%e5%88%86%e9%a1%9e%e5%92%8c%e6%bc%94%e8%ae%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e7%92%b0%e5%a2%83%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7%ef%bc%88environmental-policy-instruments%ef%bc%89%e7%9a%84%e5%88%86%e9%a1%9e%e5%92%8c%e6%bc%94%e8%ae%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u74b0\u5883\u653f\u7b56\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u5206\u985e\u548c\u6f14\u8b8a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff8000;\">\u74b0\u5883\u653f\u7b56\u5de5\u5177 (environmental policy instruments)\u7684\u5206\u985e\u548c\u6f14\u8b8a<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u7f8e\u570bStony Brook University\u738b\u745c\u541b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\/\u7f8e\u570bStony Brook University\u738b\u745c\u541b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>\u601d\u8003\u554f\u984c\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>1. \u904e\u53bb20\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u74b0\u5883\u653f\u7b56\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>2. \u6709\u6548\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u9700\u8981\u642d\u914d\u54ea\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>3. \u5f37\u8abf\u6c38\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u74b0\u5883\u6559\u80b2\u80fd\u5920\u5c0d\u6b64\u6709\u4f55\u8ca2\u737b\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u300c\u6c38\u7e8c\uff08\u6216\u7a31\u53ef\u6301\u7e8c\uff09\u767c\u5c55\u300d\uff08sustainable development\uff09\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u5168\u7403\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u6c11\u9593\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u548c\u6c7a\u7b56\u55ae\u4f4d\u6717\u6717\u4e0a\u53e3\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9081\u5411\u6c38\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u69cb\u601d\/\u7406\u8ad6\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7b56\u7565\u4f48\u5c40\u548c\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\uff0c\u8de8\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u5be6\u8cea\u5167\u5bb9\u70ba\u4f55\uff1f \u5e7e\u500b\u5148\u9032\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u90fd\u547c\u7c72\u8981\u540c\u6642\u6ce8\u610f\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u548c\u6c7a\u7b56\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6c7a\u7b56\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u548c\u9060\u898b\u626e\u6f14\u95dc\u9375\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u806f\u5408\u570b\u74b0\u5883\u898f\u5283\u7f72\u7b56\u5283\u7684\u300a\u5168\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u5c55\u671b 4\u300b\u5831\u544a\u56de\u98671987-2007\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u5168\u7403\u8655\u7406\u74b0\u5883\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u5e7e\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u88681\uff09\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_30331\" style=\"width: 609px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/\u5716\u724781.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30331\" class=\"wp-image-30331\" title=\"\u5716\u72478\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/\u5716\u724781.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"599\" height=\"183\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-30331\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u88681\uff1a\u74b0\u5883\u653f\u7b56\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u5206\u985e\uff08\u8868\u683c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u5168\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u5c55\u671b 4\u300b\uff08GEO4\uff09 p.468\uff09(\u53ef\u9ede\u64ca\u653e\u5927\u89c0\u770b)<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>\u74b0\u5883\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff08environmental policy instruments\uff09\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u88681\u8aaa\u660e\u77ad\u904e\u53bb20\u5e74\u88e1\uff0c\u74b0\u5883\u653f\u7b56\u8f49\u578b\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u7279\u9ede\uff1a1\uff09\u653f\u7b56\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u64f4\u5c55\u6975\u5927\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u653f\u7b56\u30022\uff09\u653f\u7b56\u5f9e\u5f9e\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u2014\u63a7\u5236\u578b\u201d\u9010\u6f38\u9081\u5411\u201c\u5275\u9020\u5e02\u5834\u201d\uff08\u8868\u5de6\u908a\u5230\u8868\u53f3\u908a\uff09\u30023\uff09\u653f\u7b56\u88e1\u9762\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1\u5167\u5bb9\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u5f37\u8abf\u7d93\u6fdf\u624b\u6bb5\u3001\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u6e9d\u901a\u548c\u81ea\u9858\u884c\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u8f49\u578b\u7279\u8272\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6c61\u67d3\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u9818\u57df\u5f9e\u5927\u578b\u9ede\u6e90\u6c61\u67d3\uff08point sources\uff09\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u67d0\u500b\u6392\u653e\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u5316\u5de5\u5ee0\uff09\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u5206\u6563\uff0c\u66f4\u96e3\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u6e90\uff08\u4f8b\u5982CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u6392\u653e\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u7ba1\u5236\uff08\u547d\u4ee4\u2014\u63a7\u5236\u578b\uff09\u4ecd\u7136\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u4e5f\u4ecd\u7136\u64d4\u7576\u91cd\u8cac\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u6539\u9769\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u6a19\u6e96\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u76ee\u6a19\u66f4\u9060\u5927\u3001\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u9802\u7d1a\u9818\u8dd1\u8005\uff08Top Runner Programme\uff09\u6539\u5584\u80fd\u6e90\u6548\u7528\u7684\u5c08\u6848\u5df2\u7d93\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5c08\u6848\u88e1\uff0c\u74b0\u5883\u6a19\u6e96\u96a8\u8457\u6700\u4f73\u53ef\u7372\u5f97\u6280\u8853\uff08best available technologies\uff09\u9032\u884c\u8abf\u6574\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u4f73\u53ef\u7372\u5f97\u6280\u8853\u662f\u4e0d\u65b7\u63d0\u5347\u6539\u5584\u9019\u4e9b\u74b0\u5883\u6a19\u6e96\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u52d5\u529b\uff08\u57161\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_30332\" style=\"width: 619px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/\u5716\u72479.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30332\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30332  \" title=\"\u5716\u72479\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/\u5716\u72479.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"609\" height=\"320\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-30332\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u57161\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u63a1\u7528\u300c\u9802\u7d1a\u9818\u8dd1\u8005\u5c08\u6848\u300d\uff08Top Runner Program\uff09 \u6210\u529f\u5c07\u51b7\u6c23\u6a5f\uff082.8kW \u7b49\u7d1a\uff09\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u6548\u80fd\u5f9e1999\u5e74\u52302004\u5e74\u4e4b\u9593\u63d0\u5347\u4e8667.8 \uff05\u3002 \uff08\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aThe Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>\u5c0b\u627e\u6709\u6548\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u5e02\u5834\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u300c\u6eab\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u300d\uff08soft instruments\uff09\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u653f\u5e9c\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u6301\u7e8c\u904b\u7528\uff08\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u8feb\u5229\u7528\uff09\u300c\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u300d\uff08strong instruments\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\/\u63a7\u5236\u578b\u7ba1\u5236 \uff08Command-and-control regulations\uff09\uff0c\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b49\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5be6\u65bd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u5143\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u570b\u5bb6\u6216\u5340\u57df\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u793e\u6703\u548c\u6587\u5316\u689d\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u8e10\u653f\u7b56\uff08best practice policy\uff09\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5c0e\u5411\u6210\u529f\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u56e0\u7d20\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u653f\u7b56\u80cc\u5f8c\u6709\u7d2e\u5be6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u79d1\u5b78\u652f\u6301\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u9858\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f03\u9ad8\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5169\u9ee8\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u65b9\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u95dc\u8005\u7684\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u904e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6216\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5925\u4f34\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u9858\u610f\u8207\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u7b56\u8005\u5c0d\u8a71\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u5354\u8abf\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u6709\u529b\u9ad4\u5236\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u53c3\u8207\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u662f\u80fd\u529b\u597d\uff0c\u8a13\u7df4\u6709\u7d20\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u524d\u9762\u7684\u76e3\u7763\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u4fee\u8a02\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u898f\u5b9a\u9031\u671f\u6027\u4fee\u8a02\u7684\u689d\u6b3e\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3b\u52d5\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u9580\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u9632\u6b62\u8150\u6557\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u898f\u7ae0\u5236\u5b9a\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u5982\u8aee\u8a62\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u6216\u516c\u5171\u5be9\u8a08\u5e2b\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u76e1\u91cf\u6e1b\u5c11\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8207\u5be6\u65bd\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5ef6\u5b95\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u4fdd\u6301\u6240\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u7121\u885d\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<br \/>\n<\/strong>1. \u806f\u5408\u570b\u74b0\u5883\u898f\u5283\u7f72\u300a\u5168\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u5c55\u671b 4\u300b\uff08GEO4\uff09\u7b2c10\u7ae0\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unep.org\/geo\/GEO4\/report\/GEO-4_Report_Full_CH.pdf\">http:\/\/www.unep.org\/geo\/GEO4\/report\/GEO-4_Report_Full_CH.pdf<\/a>\uff09<br \/>\n2. Joakim Nordqvist 2006: \u201cEvaluation of Japan&#8217;s Top Runner Programme\u201d\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aid-ee.org\/documents\/018TopRunner-Japan.PDF\">http:\/\/www.aid-ee.org\/documents\/018TopRunner-Japan.PDF<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u74b0\u5883\u653f\u7b56\u5de5\u5177 (environmental policy instruments)\u7684\u5206\u985e\u548c\u6f14\u8b8a \u7f8e\u570bStony&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4719,4803,6446],"tags":[3048,3312,3157,4472],"class_list":["post-30330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-energy00","category-energy13","category-energy13-04","tag-3048","tag-3312","tag-3157","tag-4472","avhec_catgroup-all","loop-entry","cat-4719","cat-4803","cat-6446","no-thumbnail"],"views":6193,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30330"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30330\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88315,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30330\/revisions\/88315"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30330"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30330"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}