{"id":27730,"date":"2011-05-30T10:07:42","date_gmt":"2011-05-30T02:07:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=27730"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:26:56","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:26:56","slug":"%e5%9f%ba%e5%9b%a0%e6%8e%83%e6%8f%8f%e8%88%87dna%e6%aa%a2%e6%b8%ac%ef%bc%88genetic-screening-and-dna-test%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e5%9f%ba%e5%9b%a0%e6%8e%83%e6%8f%8f%e8%88%87dna%e6%aa%a2%e6%b8%ac%ef%bc%88genetic-screening-and-dna-test%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u57fa\u56e0\u6383\u63cf\u8207DNA\u6aa2\u6e2c\uff08Genetic Screening and DNA Test\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u57fa\u56e0\u6383\u63cf\u8207DNA\u6aa2\u6e2c\uff08Genetic Screening and DNA Test\uff09
\n<\/span>\u81fa\u5317\u5e02\u7acb\u677e\u5c71\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u838a\u96ea\u82b3\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u52d5\u7269\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u9673\u4fca\u5b8f\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\uff08genome\uff09\u662f\u6307\u8a72\u751f\u7269\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u5176\u5927\u5c0f\u5e38\u63a1\u7528\u9e7c\u57fa\u5c0d\u7684\u6578\u76ee\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u3002\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u9ad4\uff08proteome\uff09\u5247\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7522\u7269\u53ca\u5176\u8868\u73fe\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u57fa\u56e0\u7d93\u904e\u8f49\u9304\u548c\u8f49\u8b6f\u4f5c\u7528\u5f8c\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4e0d\u53ea\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5169\u9ede\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u55ae\u4e00\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u8f49\u9304\u6210mRNA\u6642\u767c\u751f\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u526a\u63a5\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5916\u986f\u5b50\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u662f\u8f49\u8b6f\u5f8c\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7d93\u4fee\u98fe\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6545\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u9ad4\u6bd4\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u8981\u8907\u96dc\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u7684 30 \u5104\u500b\u9e7c\u57fa\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u6bcf\u500b 100 \u5230 300 \u500b\u9e7c\u57fa\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u8655\u55ae\u4e00\u6838\u82f7\u9178\uff08A\u3001T\u3001C\u3001G\uff09\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u7570\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97 DNA \u5e8f\u5217\u4e5f\u96a8\u4e4b\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u55ae\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u591a\u578b\u6027\uff08single nucleotide polymorphism\uff0cSNP\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u500b\u9ad4\u9593 DNA \u7684\u69cb\u9020\u96d6\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u5fae\u89c0\u4e0b\u5176\u5dee\u7570\u537b\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u500b\u9ad4\u9593\u986f\u8457\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u89e3\u78bc\u5f8c\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u4e0d\u540c\u500b\u9ad4\u9593\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u6975\u70ba\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u50c5\u6709 0.1% \u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u6b64\u4e9b\u5fae\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u9ad8\u3001\u819a\u8272\u3001\u9ad4\u578b\u7b49\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9ad4\u8cea\u662f\u5426\u5bb9\u6613\u7f79\u60a3\u67d0\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u9ede\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\n\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5229\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9650\u5236\u9176\uff08restriction enzyme\uff09\u8655\u7406 DNA \u6642\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684 DNA \u5e8f\u5217\u5177\u6709\u7368\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 DNA \u88ab\u5207\u5272\u6210\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u9577\u5ea6\u4e0d\u76e1\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u96fb\u6cf3\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6b64\u7a2e\u5229\u7528\u9650\u5236\u9176\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0d\u540c DNA \u7247\u6bb5\u9577\u5ea6\u7684\u591a\u578b\u6027\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u9650\u5236\u9176\u7247\u6bb5\u9577\u5ea6\u591a\u578b\u6027\uff08Restriction fragment length polymorphisms\uff0cRFLPs\uff09\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684 RFLPs \u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6307\u7d0b\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 RFLPs \u53c8\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba DNA \u6307\u7d0b\uff08DNA fingerprinting\uff09\u3002RFLPs \u6280\u8853\u5df2\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u5211\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u548c\u907a\u50b3\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u9451\u5b9a\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

RFLPs \u6280\u8853\u4e5f\u53ef\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u57fa\u56e0\u6383\u63cf\uff08genetic screening\uff09\uff0c\u6aa2\u9a57\u80da\u80ce\u3001\u80ce\u5152\u6216\u65b0\u751f\u5152\u662f\u5426\u60a3\u6709\u57fa\u56e0\u7570\u5e38\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5feb\u901f\u65bd\u7528\u85e5\u7269\u6cbb\u7642\u3002\u82e5\u89aa\u621a\u60a3\u6709\u57fa\u56e0\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u81ea\u8eab\u537b\u7121\u75c7\u72c0\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u85c9\u7531\u57fa\u56e0\u6383\u63cf\u4f86\u78ba\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5e36\u6709\u7a81\u8b8a\u57fa\u56e0\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u6b64\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cDNA \u6aa2\u6e2c\uff08DNA Test\uff09\u662f\u6aa2\u6e2c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u6700\u7cbe\u78ba\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5206\u6790 DNA \u7684\u7a81\u8b8a\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u7531\u65bcPCR\uff08polymerase chain reaction\uff09\u6280\u8853\u7684\u6210\u719f\uff0cDNA \u6aa2\u6e2c\u53ea\u9700\u5e7e\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u5c11\u6578\u500b\u7a81\u8b8a\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u6383\u63cf\u8207 DNA \u6aa2\u6e2c\u6280\u8853\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u942e\u5200\u578b\u8ca7\u8840\u75c7\uff08sickle-cell disease\uff09\u7684\u6aa2\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n

\u942e\u5200\u578b\u7d05\u8840\u7403\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u6307\u7531\u942e\u5200\u578b\u8840\u7d05\u86cb\u767d\u2500S\u8840\u7d05\u7d20\uff08hemoglobin S\uff0cHbS\uff09\u6240\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u907a\u50b3\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\u942e\u5200\u578b\u8ca7\u8840\u75c7\u53ea\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u8d77\u56e0\u65bc\u03b2-Hemoglobin\u57fa\u56e0\u767c\u751f\u9ede\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u8840\u7d05\u7d20\u03b2\u5728\u8f49\u8b6f\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7b2c6\u500b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u7531\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u7a40\u6c28\u9178\uff08glutamic acid\uff09\u63db\u6210\u7e88\u6c28\u9178\uff08valine\uff09\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u7a40\u6c28\u9178\u5e36\u8ca0\u96fb\uff0c\u800c\u7e88\u6c28\u9178\u662f\u96fb\u4e2d\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8840\u7d05\u86cb\u767d\u7d50\u69cb\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7d05\u8840\u7403\u5167\u751f\u6210\u7d30\u9577\u91dd\u72c0\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u9020\u6210\u7d05\u8840\u7403\u8b8a\u5f62\uff0c\u56b4\u91cd\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u65e9\u592d\uff0c\u8f03\u8f15\u5fae\u8005\u5247\u53ef\u751f\u9577\u767c\u80b2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u942e\u5200\u578b\u8ca7\u8840\u75c7\u7684\u6aa2\u9a57\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff1a\u4e00\u662f DNA \u5e8f\u5217\u85c9\u7531 PCR \u653e\u5927\uff0c\u7d93 MstII \u9650\u5236\u9176\u9032\u884c\u5207\u5272\uff0c\u518d\u8dd1\u96fb\u6cf3\uff08gel electrophoresis\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u5e38\u5e8f\u5217\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u9176\u5207\u5272\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u8f03\u5c0f\uff0c\u8dd1\u5f97\u8f03\u9060\uff1b\u800c\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u5e8f\u5217\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u9176\u5207\u5272\uff0c\u5176\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u8f03\u5927\uff0c\u8dd1\u5f97\u8f03\u8fd1\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53ef\u6aa2\u9a57\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u5e36\u6709\u7a81\u8b8a\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u662f\u5229\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u5169\u7a2eDNA \u8a66\u7d19\uff08\u4e00\u70ba\u6b63\u5e38\u5e8f\u5217 GGACTCCTC\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u70ba\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u5e8f\u5217 GGACACCTC\uff09\uff0c\u4f86\u8207\u7d93 PCR \u653e\u5927\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u6216\u7a81\u8b8a DNA \u5e8f\u5217\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5\u984f\u8272\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u4f86\u8fa8\u8b58\u662f\u5426\u5e36\u6709\u7a81\u8b8a\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/span>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a
\n<\/strong>1. Campbell, N. A. & Reece, J. B. (2005). Biology, 7th Ed. The Benjamin Cummings Publishing Company.
\n2. Sadava, D., Hillis, D. M., Heller, H. C. & Berenbaum, M. R. (2009). Life: The Science of Biology. 9th Ed. W. H. Freeman and Company.
\n3. Starr, C. & Taggart, R. (2006). Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life. 11th Ed. Brooks Cole Publishing Company.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u57fa\u56e0\u6383\u63cf\u8207DNA\u6aa2\u6e2c\uff08Genetic Screening and DNA Test\uff09 \u81fa\u5317\u5e02\u7acb\u677e\u5c71\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u751f\u7269…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4841,110,4815],"tags":[3071,3070,3068,2975,3067,3069],"class_list":["post-27730","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lifesciecne006-03","category-lifesciecne00","category-lifesciecne006","tag-dna","tag-pcr","tag-rflp","tag-snp","tag-3067","tag-3069","loop-entry","cat-4841","cat-110","cat-4815","no-thumbnail"],"views":8360,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27730","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27730"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27730\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88479,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27730\/revisions\/88479"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27730"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27730"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27730"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}