{"id":23386,"date":"2011-04-12T11:52:00","date_gmt":"2011-04-12T03:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=23386"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:28:06","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:28:06","slug":"%e9%a3%b2%e6%b0%b4%e6%80%9d%e3%80%8c%e5%85%83%e3%80%8d%e8%a9%b1%e3%80%8c%e6%b0%ab%e3%80%8d%e6%83%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e9%a3%b2%e6%b0%b4%e6%80%9d%e3%80%8c%e5%85%83%e3%80%8d%e8%a9%b1%e3%80%8c%e6%b0%ab%e3%80%8d%e6%83%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u98f2\u6c34\u601d\u300c\u5143\u300d\u8a71\u300c\u6c2b\u300d\u60c5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u98f2\u6c34\u601d<\/strong>\u300c<\/strong>\u5143<\/strong>\u300d<\/strong>\u8a71<\/strong>\u300c<\/strong>\u6c2b<\/strong>\u300d<\/strong><\/span>\u60c5<\/span>
\u570b\u7acb\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u6797\u96c5\u51e1\u8b1b\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u6797\u96c5\u51e1\u8b1b\u5e2b\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u5361\u6587\u72c4\u897f\u7528\u4ee5\u6536\u96c6\u6c2b\u6c23\u7684\u300c\u6392\u6c34\u96c6\u6c23\u6cd5\u300d\u88dd\u7f6e\u3002\u6392\u6c34\u96c6\u6c23\u6cd5\u70ba17\u4e16\u7d00\u4e00\u4f4d\u82f1\u570b\u7267\u5e2b\u9ed1\u723e\u65af(Stephen Hales, 1667-1761)\u9996\u5148\u767c\u660e\uff0c18\u4e16\u7d00\u666e\u91cc\u65af\u7279\u5229\u505a\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u9032\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n

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\u300c\u98f2\u6c34\u601d\u6e90\u300d\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u7d30\u7dfb\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7406\u6027\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u5510\u671d\u8a69\u4eba\u674e\u767d\u5beb<\u5c07\u9032\u9152>\uff1a\u300e\u541b\u4e0d\u898b\u9ec3\u6cb3\u4e4b\u6c34\u5929\u4e0a\u4f86\uff1f\u300f\u5728\u5176\u6d6a\u6f2b\u60c5\u61f7\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8208\u8d77\u300e\u6c34\u5f9e\u4f55\u4f86\u300f\u7684\u9050\u601d\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u5c0d\u5927\u5730\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u5b7a\u6155\u4e4b\u60c5\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u5e0c\u81d8\u5148\u54f2\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u7531\u4ec0\u9ebc\u69cb\u6210\u300d\u7684\u8ffd\u5c0b\uff0c\u5c31\u8207\u6587\u660e\u767c\u5c55\u76e4\u6839\u932f\u7bc0\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5c0d\u7269\u8cea\u4e16\u754c\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300e\u7269\u8cea\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u7531\u300c\u571f\u3001\u706b\u3001\u7a7a\u6c23\u3001\u6c34\u300d\u7b49\u56db\u5143\u7d20\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u300f\uff0c\u9019\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u56db\u5143\u7d20\u8aaa\u300d\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e9e\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\uff08Aristotle, 384-322 BC\uff09\u4ee5\u4f86\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u6240\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u5b78\u8aaa\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u8aa4\u5c0e\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b78\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u798d\u9996\u3002\u76f4\u523018\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5728\u5316\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u4e0a\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u8207\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a70\u554f\u627e\u5230\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4ed4\u7d30\u89c0\u5bdf\u574a\u9593\u7926\u6cc9\u6c34\u4e0a\u7684\u5305\u88dd\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u6703\u6a19\u793a\u300cH2<\/sub>O\u7d14\u6c34\u300d\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u8457\u300e\u6c34\u662f\u7531\u6c2b\uff08H\uff09\u548c\u6c27\uff08O\uff09\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u300f\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5426\u5f88\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u5462\uff1f\u6c2b\u548c\u6c27\u90fd\u662f\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u6478\u4e0d\u8457\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u80fd\u78b0\u80fd\u89c0\u7684\u6c34\uff1f\u9019\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u5c0d\u7269\u8cea\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u77ad\u89e3\u5927\u6b65\u8e8d\u9032\u3002\u800c\u9019\u6bb5\u6545\u4e8b\u8207\u767c\u73fe\u6c2b\u6c23\u7684\u7d93\u904e\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u73fe\u4eca\u666e\u904d\u300c\u516c\u8a8d\u300d\u5361\u6587\u72c4\u897f\uff08Henry Cavendish, 1731-1810 AD\uff09\u662f\u6c2b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u8005\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u537b\u4e0d\u662f\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u767c\u73fe\u3001\u88fd\u5099\u6c2b\u6c23\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u897f\u514316\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u745e\u58eb\u91ab\u751f\u5e15\u62c9\u585e\u65af\uff08Theophrastus Paracelsus, 1493-1531 AD\uff09\u5c31\u66fe\u5728\u5c07\u9435\u5c51\u6eb6\u65bc\u7a00\u786b\u9178\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u6c23\u9ad4(\u6c2b\u6c23)\u91cb\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u9019\u6a23\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u300c\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e0a\u5347\u800c\u50cf\u98a8\u4e00\u6a23\u6ea2\u6563\u3002\u300d\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\uff0c\u65c5\u5c45\u82f1\u6cd5\u7684\u745e\u58eb\u7c4d\u91ab\u751f\u6885\u8036\uff08Turquet De Mayerne, 1573-1655 AD\uff09\u91cd\u8907\u5e15\u62c9\u585e\u65af\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u6642\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u6c2b\u6c23\u300c\u53ef\u71c3\u300d\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u3002\u897f\u51431670\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6ce2\u4ee5\u8033\uff08Robert Boyle, 1627-1691 AD\uff09\u5617\u8a66\u6536\u96c6\u6c2b\u6c23\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u73fe\u6c2b\u6c23\u53ea\u6709\u548c\u7a7a\u6c23\u6df7\u5408\u6642\u624d\u53ef\u71c3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u65e9\u61c2\u5f97\u88fd\u5099\u6c2b\u6c23\uff0c\u572818\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u80fd\u5c0d\u6c2b\u6c23\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u4f5c\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u8207\u5206\u6790\u3002\u70ba\u5176\u5e36\u4f86\u66d9\u5149\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u8cb4\u65cf\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ea8\u5229\uff0e\u5361\u6587\u72c4\u897f\u3002\u897f\u51431766\u5e74\uff0c\u5361\u6587\u72c4\u897f\u5c07\u9435\u3001\u92c5\u3001\u932b\u7b49\u91d1\u5c6c\u5206\u5225\u8207\u9e7d\u9178\u8207\u786b\u9178\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u90fd\u6709\u6c23\u9ad4\u91cb\u51fa\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u9a57\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u5361\u6587\u72c4\u897f\u5617\u8a66\u4ee5\u300c\u6392\u6c34\u96c6\u6c23\u6cd5\u300d\u6536\u96c6\u6240\u91cb\u51fa\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\u3002\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u91d1\u5c6c\u8207\u8db3\u91cf\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u9178\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\u6027\u8cea\u76f8\u540c\uff1b\u4e0d\u50c5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u7a2e\u91d1\u5c6c\u5be6\u9a57\u6642\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7528\u91cf\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u82e5\u9178\u4f9b\u91cf\u8db3\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8207\u9178\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\u3001\u6fc3\u5ea6\u7121\u95dc\u3002\u5361\u6587\u72c4\u897f\u66f4\u4f30\u8a08\u51fa\u6b64\u6c23\u9ad4\u5bc6\u5ea6\u50c5\u70ba\u7a7a\u6c23\u76849%\uff0c\u6b64\u6c23\u9ad4\u5373\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u6c2b\u6c23\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u4e9b\u5b9a\u91cf\u8207\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5361\u6587\u72c4\u897f\u8a8d\u5b9a\u300c\u5f9e\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u985e\u91d1\u5c6c\u8207\u9178\u88fd\u5099\u51fa\u7684\u53ef\u71c3\u6c23\u9ad4\u61c9\u70ba\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u7269\u8cea\u3002\u300d\u7136\u800c\u8eab\u70ba\u300e\u71c3\u7d20\u8aaa\u300f\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u5361\u6587\u72c4\u897f\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u53ef\u71c3\u6c23\u9ad4\u5f9e\u4f55\u800c\u4f86\u300d\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42\u672a\u8df3\u812b\u71c3\u7d20\u8aaa\u7684\u7aa0\u81fc\u3002\u7576\u6642\u5927\u773e\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\uff1a\u300e\u91d1\u5c6c\u542b\u6709\u71c3\u7d20\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u71c3\u71d2\u4f7f\u71c3\u7d20\u88ab\u91cb\u653e\u3002\u300f\u5361\u6587\u72c4\u897f\u65bc\u662f\u8a8d\u5b9a\u9019\u53ef\u71c3\u6c23\u9ad4\u662f\u92c5\u3001\u9435\u3001\u932b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u5165\u9178\u6642\u5c07\u5176\u91cb\u51fa\uff1b\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u5ea6\u8a8d\u5b9a\u6c2b\u6c23\u5373\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u6240\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u71c3\u7d20\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7d93\u7531\u7cbe\u78ba\u5be6\u9a57\u6e2c\u5b9a\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u6c2b\u6c23\u96d6\u8f15\uff0c\u537b\u4ecd\u5177\u5099\u6b63\u8cea\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u7576\u6642\u5c0d\u300c\u71c3\u7d20\u8cea\u91cf\u300d\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b93\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6c2b\u6c23\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9677\u5165\u81a0\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u300c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300d\u5728\u7576\u6642\u793e\u6703\u851a\u70ba\u98a8\u6f6e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6c27\u7684\u88fd\u5099\u8207\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u666e\u91cc\u65af\u7279\u5229\uff08Joseph Priestley, 1733-1804 AD\uff09\u5c07\u6c27\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u812b\u53bb\u71c3\u7d20\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u300d\u3002\u897f\u51431781\u5e74\uff0c\u666e\u91cc\u65af\u7279\u5229\u8207\u5176\u52a9\u624b\u74e6\u723e\u63d0\u723e\uff08John Warltire<\/em>, 1725\/6-1810 AD\uff09\u5229\u7528\u96fb\u706b\u82b1\u5f15\u7206\u7a7a\u6c23\u548c\u6c2b\u6c23\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u53cd\u61c9\u5f8c\u5728\u74f6\u58c1\u4e0a\u6709\u9732\u73e0\u5f62\u6210\u8207\u91cb\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u71b1\uff1b\u82e5\u79e4\u91cf\u53cd\u61c9\u5f8c\u8cea\u91cf\uff0c\u5247\u8f03\u53cd\u61c9\u524d\u70ba\u5c11\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u6e1b\u8f15\u4e43\u56e0\u53cd\u61c9\u5f8c\u71b1\u7684\u6ea2\u5931\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5361\u6587\u72c4\u897f\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u5f97\u5230\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u6e1b\u8f15\u61c9\u70ba\u5be6\u9a57\u8aa4\u5dee\uff0c\u56e0\u4ed6\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u71b1\u5177\u5099\u8cea\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u8207\u5be6\u4e8b\u6c42\u662f\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u9a45\u4f7f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5361\u6587\u72c4\u897f\u9664\u4e86\u91cd\u8907\u666e\u91cc\u65af\u7279\u5229\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4ee5\u6c27\u6c23\u53d6\u4ee3\u7a7a\u6c23\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4e26\u7cbe\u78ba\u8a18\u9304\u5404\u6210\u5206\u9ad4\u7a4d\u8207\u91cd\u91cf\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u5982\u679c\u5c07\u58c1\u4e0a\u9732\u73e0\u4e5f\u5217\u5165\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u5247\u53cd\u61c9\u524d\u5f8c\u8cea\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7d93\u7531\u4ed4\u7d30\u7684\u78ba\u8a8d\uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u4e9b\u9732\u73e0\u5373\u662f\u300c\u6c34\u300d\u3002\u4e26\u7d93\u7531\u7cbe\u5bc6\u91cf\u5316\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5361\u6587\u72c4\u897f\u5f97\u5230\u6c2b\u8207\u6c27\u9ad4\u7a4d\u70ba2\u6bd41\u6642\uff0c\u80fd\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u91cf\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u56e0\u62d8\u6ce5\u65bc\u300c\u71c3\u7d20\u300d\u8207\u300c\u6c34\u5143\u7d20\u300d\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5361\u6587\u72c4\u897f\u9019\u6a23\u8a6e\u91cb\u6240\u5f97\u7d50\u679c\uff1a\u300e\u53ef\u71c3\u6c23\u9ad4\u7531\u71c3\u7d20\u8207\u6c34\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u300c\u812b\u53bb\u71c3\u7d20\u7a7a\u6c23\u300d\u76dc\u7aca\u6c34\u5143\u7d20\u5f8c\uff0c\u6c34\u81ea\u71c3\u7d20\u4e2d\u812b\u96e2\u800c\u91cb\u51fa\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u4ecd\u57f7\u8457\u65bc\u300c\u6c34\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u84b8\u6c23\u6a5f\u767c\u660e\u4eba\u74e6\u7279\uff08James Watt, 1736-1819 AD\uff09\u65e9\u5df2\u731c\u60f3\u300c\u6c34\u5728\u8db3\u5920\u71b1\u91cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u61c9\u6703\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6c23\u9ad4\u3002\u300d\u800c\u5176\u53cb\u4eba\u666e\u91cc\u65af\u7279\u5229\u5f97\u77e5\u5361\u6587\u72c4\u897f\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u91cd\u8907\u76f8\u540c\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u8207\u5361\u6587\u72c4\u897f\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u7d0d\u60b6\u4e4b\u9918\u627e\u74e6\u7279\u5207\u78cb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u74e6\u7279\u7d50\u5408\u904e\u53bb\u81ea\u5df1\u5408\u7406\u7684\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u9019\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a3b\u89e3\uff1a\u300e\u6c34\u7531\u300c\u812b\u53bb\u71c3\u7d20\u7a7a\u6c23\u300d\u8207\u300c\u53ef\u71c3\u6c23\u9ad4\u300d\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u300f<\/p>\n

\u897f\u51431782\u5e74\uff0c\u62c9\u74e6\u7bc0\uff08Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, 1743-1794 AD\uff09\u518d\u5ea6\u9032\u884c\u6b64\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5c07\u6c34\u84b8\u6c7d\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u6c2b\u8207\u6c27\uff0c\u518d\u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u65b0\u5316\u5b78\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u8a8d\u5b9a\uff1a\u300e\u6c34\u4e0d\u662f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6c2b\u548c\u6c27\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u300f\u62c9\u74e6\u7bc0\u4e26\u5c07\u904e\u53bb\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u53ef\u71c3\u7a7a\u6c23\u300d\u7684\u6c2b\u6c23\uff0c\u66f4\u540d\u70ba\u300cHydrogen\u300d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u300c\u751f\u6210\u6c34\u7684\u300d\u3002\u9019\u624d\u7d42\u7d50\u5169\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u628a\u6c34\u8996\u70ba\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u8ff7\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\u6642\u52e2\u8ad6\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u8ab0\u624d\u914d\u5f97\u9019\u9802\u300c\u63ed\u793a\u771f\u7406\u300d\u7684\u6842\u51a0\uff1f\u662f\u505a\u51fa\u7f8e\u9e97\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u537b\u627c\u8155\u65bc\u7121\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u65b0\u610f\u4e4b\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u5361\u6587\u72c4\u897f\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u50c5\u4ee5\u601d\u7dad\u812b\u7a4e\u800c\u51fa\u7684\u74e6\u7279\uff1f\u6291\u6216\u96c6\u6b64\u7cfb\u5217\u5be6\u9a57\u65bc\u5927\u6210\u7684\u62c9\u74e6\u7bc0\uff1f\u76f4\u5230\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u9019\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9817\u5177\u722d\u8b70\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1b\u4e0d\u904e\u5f9e\u9019\u672a\u66fe\u505c\u6b62\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u555f\u8fea\u6211\u5011\uff1a\u300e\u300c\u5148\u92d2\u8005\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u300d\u56fa\u7136\u4fc3\u6210\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u6f14\u9032\uff1b\u771f\u7406\u80fd\u5168\u7136\u88ab\u95e1\u660e\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u50c5\u6b62\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u6167\u3002\u773e\u4eba\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8207\u5c0d\u8a71\u624d\u4f7f\u79d1\u5b78\u5f97\u4ee5\u9081\u958b\u6b65\u4f10\u3001\u6642\u4ee3\u5f97\u4ee5\u8b8a\u9077\u3002\u300f\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5361\u6587\u72c4\u897f\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u8457\u5be6\u5f70\u986f\u4e86\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u7cbe\u78ba\u56b4\u8b39\u65bc\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u4ee5\u7fd4\u5be6\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u6578\u64da\u4f86\u5b9a\u6027\u300d\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u98a8\u96c5\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u7279\u8cea\u6216\u8a31\u4e5f\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u6240\u5177\u5099\u7368\u7279\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82e5\u8981\u7ad9\u5728\u300c\u9451\u5f80\u77e5\u4f86\u300d\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8ff0\u8aaa\u9019\u9805\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u7f8e\u9e97\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u85c9\u7531\u4e0d\u65b7\u88ab\u9a57\u8b49\u3001\u4e26\u4fee\u6b63\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5411\u6211\u5011\u662d\u793a\u300e\u6c34\u4e0d\u662f\u5143\u7d20\u300f\u7684\u771f\u7406\u5916\uff0c\u5f9e\u5176\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u7d66\u4e88\u4eba\u5011\u300c\u4f55\u4e0d\u4ee5\u6c2b\u6c23\u4f5c\u71c3\u6599\u300d\u7684\u9748\u611f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u500b\u5922\u60f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\uff0c\u300e\u6c34\u300f\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6700\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\uff1f\u6cd5\u570b\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5bb6\u51e1\u723e\u5948\uff08Jules Gabriel Verne, 1828-1905 AD\uff09\u57281874\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u795e\u79d8\u5cf6\uff08The Mysterious Island<\/em>\uff09\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u66fe\u9019\u6a23\u5beb\u8457\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u7e3d\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u6c34\u6703\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u505a\u70ba\u71c3\u6599\u2014\u69cb\u6210\u5b83\u7684\u6c2b\u548c\u6c27\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u55ae\u7368\u6216\u662f\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5c07\u6210\u70ba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5149\u8207\u71b1\u53d6\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7aed\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\uff1b\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e5f\u662f\u7164\u70ad\u7121\u6cd5\u671b\u5176\u9805\u80cc\u7684\u2026\u6c34\u5c07\u662f\u672a\u4f86\u4e4b\u5a92\u3002\u300d\u5982\u4eca\u300c\u6c2b\u71c3\u6599\u96fb\u6c60\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6c2b\u5f15\u64ce\u300d\u572821\u4e16\u7d00\u6210\u70ba\u6b64\u5922\u60f3\u7684\u65b0\u82bd\uff0c\u70ba\u300c\u7da0\u8272\u610f\u8b58\u300d\u62ac\u982d\u7684\u4eca\u65e5\u634e\u4f86\u6625\u5929\u7684\u6c23\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56de\u9867\u9019\u6bb5\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\uff0c\u6c88\u601d\u73fe\u4eca\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u63da\u8d77\u904e\u53bb\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u4e58\u65b9\u821f\u4e4b\u5e06\uff0c\u5f9e\u6c34\u7684\u6e90\u982d\u9806\u6d41\u800c\u4e0b\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u7dbf\u5ef6\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5275\u9020\u79d1\u5b78\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u61a7\u61ac\u7684\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u84ec\u52c3\u800c\u751f\u751f\u4e0d\u606f\uff0c\u6210\u70ba–\u7121\u8207\u502b\u6bd4\u7684\u7f8e\u9e97\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/strong> <\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Sutton, M. \u201cAirs and Graces\u201d Chemistry World<\/em>, 2010<\/strong>, October<\/em>, 50-53<\/p>\n

2. Broich, J. \u201cDiscovering Water: James Watt, Henry Cavendish, and the Nineteenth-century “Water Controversy” \u201d Victorian Studies<\/em> 2006<\/strong>, 48(3)<\/em>, 574-576.<\/p>\n

3. Seitz, F. \u201cHenry Cavendish: the Catalyst for the Chemical Revolution\u201d Notes Rec. R. Soc.<\/em> 2005<\/strong>, 59<\/em>, 175-199<\/p>\n

4. Ball, P. \u201cAn Element Compounded Cavendish\u2019s Water and the Beauty of Detail\u201d Elegant Solutions: Ten Beautiful Experiments in Chemistry, <\/em>2005<\/strong>, <\/em>Springer (Royal Society of Chemistry)<\/p>\n

5. Jacobsen, A. \u201cWater Controversy\u201d Minerva<\/em>, 2002<\/strong>, 44<\/em>, 459-462.<\/p>\n

6. Miller, D. \u201c’Distributing Discovery’ between Watt and Cavendish: A Reassessment of the Nineteenth-Century ‘Water Controversy’\u201d Ann. Sci.<\/em>, 2002<\/strong>, 59<\/em>(2), 149-179.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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