{"id":18790,"date":"2011-01-03T14:55:27","date_gmt":"2011-01-03T06:55:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=18790"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:29:54","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:29:54","slug":"%e9%87%8d%e5%8a%9b%e5%a0%b4%ef%bc%88gravitational-field%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e9%87%8d%e5%8a%9b%e5%a0%b4%ef%bc%88gravitational-field%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u91cd\u529b\u5834\uff08Gravitational field\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u91cd\u529b\u5834\uff08Gravitational field\uff09
\n<\/span>\u81fa\u4e2d\u7e23\u7acb\u4e2d\u6e2f\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u738b\u5c0a\u4fe1\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u6d2a\u9023\u8f1d\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6240\u8b02\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u5728\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a72\u4f4d\u7f6e\u55ae\u4f4d\u8cea\u91cf\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u3002\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u4e5f\u5c6c\u65bc\u4e09\u5927\u5834(field)\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c(Faraday)\u70ba\u5340\u5206\u63a5\u89f8\u529b\u8207\u8d85\u8ddd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u865b\u64ec\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8207\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u9ad8\u4e2d\u7269\u7406\u5373\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e09\u5927\u8d85\u8ddd\u529b\uff1a\u91cd\u529b\u3001\u96fb\u529b\u8207\u78c1\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e09\u5927\u5834\u70ba\u91cd\u529b\u5834(gravitational field)\u3001\u96fb\u5834(electric field)\u8207\u78c1\u5834(magnetic field)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5834\u7684\u5206\u985e\u53ef\u6839\u64da\u4f86\u6e90\u5206\u70ba\u6563\u6582\u5834(convergent or divergent field)\u8207\u5747\u52fb\u5834(uniform field)\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u6563\u6582\u5834\u662f\u6307\u5834\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u70ba\u767c\u6563\u6216\u6536\u6582\uff0c\u8207\u8ddd\u96e2\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u800c\u6240\u8b02\u5747\u52fb\u5834\u5247\u70ba\u8207\u8ddd\u96e2\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u5230\u8655\u90fd\u662f\u5747\u52fb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c0d\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u5176\u5b83\u963b\u529b\u7684\u5730\u8868\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u5747\u52fb\u5834\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6642\u91cd\u529b\u8207\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7121\u95dc\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5c0d\u884c\u3001\u885b\u661f\u7cfb\u7d71\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8ddd\u96e2\u9060\u5927\u65bc\u661f\u9ad4\u9ad4\u7a4d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6240\u6709\u7269\u9ad4\u90fd\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u8cea\u9ede\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u96a8\u8ddd\u96e2\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u91cd\u529b\u8207\u96fb\u529b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u96fb\u529b\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u8207\u65a5\u529b\uff0c\u6545\u70ba\u6563\u6582\u5834\uff0c\u4f46\u91cd\u529b\u552f\u6709\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u6545\u53ea\u80fd\u7a31\u70ba\u6536\u6582\u5834\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c0d\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u842c\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8cea\u9ede\u9593\u7684\u842c\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u70ba $$F_g=\\frac{GMm}{r^2}$$<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c$$G$$ \u70ba\u842c\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u5e38\u6578\u3002\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u8cea\u91cf\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u91cd\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 $$m=1~kg$$\uff0c\u6545\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u70ba $$g=\\frac{F_g}{m}=\\frac{GM}{r^2}$$ \u5373\uff1a\u8207\u5834\u8cea\u91cf\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u8ddd\u96e2\u5e73\u65b9\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u8b02\u5834\u8cea\u91cf(field mass)\uff0c\u5373\u5efa\u7acb\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u7684\u4e3b\u8cea\u91cf $$M$$\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u4e2d\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\uff0c\u53e6\u7a31\u70ba\u6aa2\u9a57\u8cea\u91cf(test mass)\uff0c\u5373\u70ba $$m$$\u3002\u5c0d\u5730\u8868\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u5834\uff0c\u91cd\u529b $$F_g=m_g$$<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u8cea\u91cf\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u91cd\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 $$m=1~kg$$\uff0c\u6545\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u8207\u91cd\u529b\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5373 $$g=9.8~m\/s^2$$<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u662f\u529b\u9664\u4ee5\u8cea\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u725b\u9813\/\u516c\u65a4 $$(N\/kg)$$\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u53ef\u5316\u7c21\u70ba\u516c\u5c3a\/\u79d22<\/sup>$$(m\/s^2)$$\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u91cd\u529b\u5834\u70ba\u96f6\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u9ad4\u7686\u4e0d\u53d7\u91cd\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u5931\u91cd\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u5169\u8cea\u9ede\u9593\uff0c\u5931\u91cd\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5230\u5169\u8cea\u9ede\u9593\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\uff0c\u8207\u5169\u8cea\u91cf\u6839\u865f\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u5373<\/p>\n

$$\\displaystyle\\frac{GM_1}{{r_1}^2}=\\frac{GM_2}{{r_2}^2}$$<\/p>\n

$$\\displaystyle\\frac{r_1}{r_2}=\\sqrt{\\frac{M_1}{M_2}}$$<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u63a2\u8a0e\u70ba\u53e4\u5178\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u5834\uff0c\u5373\u7269\u9ad4\u904b\u52d5\u901f\u5ea6\u9060\u4f4e\u65bc\u5149\u901f\u6642\u9069\u7528\uff0c\u7576\u7269\u9ad4\u904b\u52d5\u901f\u5ea6\u63a5\u8fd1\u5149\u901f\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5f15\u7528\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u4e4b\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u9577\u5ea6\u7684\u6536\u7e2e\u8207\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5ef6\u9577\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u6709\u7a7a\u9593\u5f4e\u66f2\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599:<\/strong> http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gravitational_field<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u91cd\u529b\u5834\uff08Gravitational field\uff09 \u81fa\u4e2d\u7e23\u7acb\u4e2d\u6e2f\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u738b\u5c0a\u4fe1\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u6d2a\u9023\u8f1d…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,107,10,3],"tags":[2175,2174],"class_list":["post-18790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1","category-physics00","category-physics01-07","category-physics01","tag-2175","tag-2174","loop-entry","cat-1","cat-107","cat-10","cat-3","no-thumbnail"],"views":16003,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18790","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18790"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18790\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":89065,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18790\/revisions\/89065"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18790"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18790"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18790"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}