{"id":18700,"date":"2010-12-30T15:45:27","date_gmt":"2010-12-30T07:45:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=18700"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:29:57","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:29:57","slug":"%e9%9b%bb%e8%b2%a0%e5%ba%a6electronegativity%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%89%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9a%e6%ba%b6%e8%a7%a3%e5%ba%a6solubility%e3%80%81%e9%85%b8%e7%9a%84%e5%bc%b7%e5%ba%a6acidity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e9%9b%bb%e8%b2%a0%e5%ba%a6electronegativity%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%89%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9a%e6%ba%b6%e8%a7%a3%e5%ba%a6solubility%e3%80%81%e9%85%b8%e7%9a%84%e5%bc%b7%e5%ba%a6acidity\/","title":{"rendered":"\u96fb\u8ca0\u5ea6(Electronegativity)\uff08\u4e09\uff09\uff1a\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6(Solubility)\u3001\u9178\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6(Acidity)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u96fb\u8ca0\u5ea6(Electronegativity)\uff08\u4e09\uff09\uff1a\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6(Solubility)\u3001\u9178\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6(Acidity)
\n<\/span>\u53f0\u5317\u7e23\u7acb\u4e09\u6c11\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u79d1\u6797\u79c0\u84c1\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u70ba\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u7684\u9375\u7d50\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u96fb\u8ca0\u5ea6\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u9375\u7d50\u539f\u5b50\u5c0d\u9375\u7d50\u96fb\u5b50\u5c0d\u7684\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7b49\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u5206\u5b50\u9375\u6975\u6027(bond polarity)\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u5076\u6975\u77e9(dipole moment)\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5076\u6975\u77e9\u70ba\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u7576\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5076\u6975\u77e9\u4e0d\u70ba\u96f6\u6642\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u6975\u6027\u3002\u5206\u5b50\u6975\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u8a31\u591a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8207\u5316\u5b78\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u539f\u5b50\u9593\u8207\u5206\u5b50\u9593\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u2500\u5316\u5b78\u9375\u3001\u6975\u6027\u3001\u6c2b\u9375\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\u7b49\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u800c\u4e5f\u80fd\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u539f\u5b50\u5718\u6975\u6027\u6216\u539f\u5b50\u5718\u90e8\u5206\u5e36\u96fb\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u8a31\u591a\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u2500\u53cd\u61c9\u65b9\u4f4d\u3001\u6d3b\u5316\u932f\u5408\u7269\uff08\u4e2d\u9593\u9ad4\uff09\u3001\u9178\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u53ca\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u7b49\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u5dee\u7570\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u7528\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u540c\u6027\u4e92\u6eb6\u300d(likes dissolve likes)\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u5373\u6975\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u6eb6\u65bc\u6975\u6027\u6eb6\u5291\u4e2d\uff1b\u975e\u6975\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u6eb6\u65bc\u975e\u6975\u6027\u6eb6\u5291\u4e2d\uff0c\u96e3\u6eb6\u6216\u4e0d\u6eb6\u65bc\u6975\u6027\u6eb6\u5291\u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6975\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u6975\u6027\u6eb6\u5291\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u5fae\u5f31\u975c\u96fb\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7d50\u5408\u4e92\u6eb6\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6975\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u975e\u6975\u6027\u6eb6\u5291\u5247\u4ee5\u51e1\u5fb7\u74e6\u529b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u5f62\u6210\u7d0a\u4e82\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9178\u9e7c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e2d\u4f9d\u5e03\u5fcd\u53f8\u7279\u2014\u7f85\u745e(Br\u03c8nsted-Lowry)\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff1a\u7d66\u4e88\u8cea\u5b50\u70ba\u9178\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u8cea\u5b50\u70ba\u9e7c\uff0c\u9178\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u5c31\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u7d66\u4e88\u8cea\u5b50\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff1b\u800c\u96fb\u8ca0\u5ea6\u6108\u9ad8\u5438\u5f15\u96fb\u5b50\u80fd\u529b\u6108\u5f37\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u8207H\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u53ef\u9020\u6210\u7d66\u4e88H+<\/sup>\u50be\u5411\u6108\u5f37\uff1b\u70ba\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u5206\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u9178\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5c07\u9178\u4ee5\u5171\u50f9\u6c2b\u5316\u7269\u8207\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u5206\u5225\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff1a<\/p>\n

(1) \u5171\u50f9\u6c2b\u5316\u7269\u9178\u5ea6\u53d7\u96fb\u8ca0\u5ea6\u53ca\u96e2\u5b50\u96fb\u8377\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff08\u6216\u539f\u5b50\u5927\u5c0f\uff09\u6240\u5f71\u97ff\uff1a<\/p>\n

$$\\mathrm{HA+H_2O\\rightleftharpoons H_3O^++A^-}$$<\/p>\n

\u540c\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u6c2b\u5316\u7269\u9178\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\uff1aNH3<\/sub>\uff1cH2<\/sub>O\uff1cHF
\nH\u548cF\u96fb\u8ca0\u5ea6\u5dee\u6bd4H\u548cO\u3001H\u548cN\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u9375\u7d50\u5177\u6709\u8f03\u9ad8\u96e2\u5b50\u6027\uff0cH+<\/sup>\u5bb9\u6613\u91cb\u51fa\uff0cH-O\u548cH-N\u70ba\u4e00\u822c\u5171\u50f9\u9375\u76f8\u8f03H-F\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dH-O\u9375\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u6027\u53c8\u6bd4H-N\u9375\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

(2) \u542b\u6c27\u9178\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u8cea\u5b50\u9178\u7684\u6578\u76ee\u4e0b\uff0c\u9178\u5ea6\u53d7\u96fb\u8ca0\u5ea6\u6240\u5f71\u97ff\uff1a<\/p>\n

$$\\mathrm{HOZ+H_2O\\rightleftharpoons H_3O^++OZ^-}$$<\/p>\n

\u540c\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u4e4b\u9178\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\uff1aHOI\uff1cHOBr\uff1cHOCl
\n\u56e0\u70baCl\u96fb\u8ca0\u5ea6\u9ad8\u5c0dO\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5438\u5f15\u5ea6\u5927\u65bcBr\uff0c\u7b49\u65bc\u524a\u5f31\u4e86O-H\u9375\uff0c\u6545H+<\/sup>\u5bb9\u6613\u91cb\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9178\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u591a\u6c27\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5143\u7d20\u6c27\u5316\u6578\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9178\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\uff1aHOCl\uff1cHOClO\uff1cHOClO2<\/sub>\uff1cHOClO3<\/sub>\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70baCl\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6578\u5f9e +1\u589e\u52a0\u5230 +7\uff0c\u5c0d\u56db\u5468O\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u8ddf\u8457\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u52a0\uff0cO-H\u9375\u8b8a\u5f31\uff0cH+<\/sup>\u5bb9\u6613\u91cb\u51fa\u3002\u9019\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u4e5f\u53ef\u89e3\u91cbCH3<\/sub>COOH\u70ba\u9178\uff0c\u800cC2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>OH\u70ba\u4e2d\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\uff1bB(OH)3<\/sub>\u70ba\u9178\uff0c\u800cAl(OH)3<\/sub>\u70ba\u9e7c\uff1b\u4ee5\u53caMg(OH)2<\/sub>\u70ba\u9e7c\uff0c\u800cBe(OH)2<\/sub>\u537b\u70ba\u5169\u6027\u6c2b\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a<\/strong>
\n1.\u00a0 \u96fb\u8ca0\u5ea6(Electronegativity)\uff08\u4e00\uff09\uff1a\u9b91\u6797\u96fb\u8ca0\u5ea6\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5316\u5b78\u9375\u4e4b\u96e2\u5b50\u6027<\/a><\/strong>
\n2. \u96fb\u8ca0\u5ea6( Electronegativity)\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\uff1a\u6975\u6027\u8207\u6c2b\u9375<\/a><\/strong>
\n3. \u96fb\u8ca0\u5ea6(Electronegativity)\uff08\u4e09\uff09\uff1a\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6(Solubility)\u3001\u9178\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6(Acidity)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a
\n<\/strong>1. Charles E.Mortimer\uff0c\u5433\u60e0\u5e73 \u8b6f\u8ff0\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u300b\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u5716\u66f8\u80a1\u4efd\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6c11\u570b84\u5e74\u3002
\n2. Walter W. Linstromberg and Henry E. Baumgarten\uff0c\u8cc0\u5b5d\u96cd \u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u300b\uff0c\u66c9\u5712\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\u6c11\u570b74\u5e74\u3002
\n3. \u66fe\u570b\u8f1d \u7de8\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u539f\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\u300b\uff0c\u5efa\u5b8f\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\u6c11\u570b84\u5e74\u3002
\n4. \u66fe\u570b\u8f1d \u7de8\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u5178\u578b\u5143\u7d20\u300b\uff0c\u5efa\u5b8f\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\u6c11\u570b84\u5e74\u3002
\n5. WIKIPEDIA\u7db2\u7ad9\u2014Electronegativity\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electronegativity<\/a><\/p>\n

\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\uff1a
\n\u96fb\u8ca0\u5ea6(electronegativity)\u3001\u5e03\u5fcd\u53f8\u7279\uff0d\u7f85\u745e(Br\u03c8nsted-Lowry)\u9178\u9e7c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3001\u9178\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u3001\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6(solubility)\u3001\u540c\u6027\u4e92\u6eb6(likes dissolve likes)\u3001\u53cd\u61c9\u65b9\u4f4d(orientation)\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u6578(oxidation number)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u96fb\u8ca0\u5ea6(Electronegativity)\uff08\u4e09\uff09\uff1a\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6(Solubility)\u3001\u9178\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6(Acidity)…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,56,54],"tags":[354,684,685,681,683,682],"class_list":["post-18700","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry02-02","category-chemistry02","tag-354","tag-684","tag-685","tag-681","tag-683","tag-682","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-56","cat-54","no-thumbnail"],"views":23103,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18700","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18700"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18700\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":89093,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18700\/revisions\/89093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18700"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18700"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18700"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}