{"id":998,"date":"2009-05-21T02:46:28","date_gmt":"2009-05-20T18:46:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=998"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:49:53","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:49:53","slug":"%e7%b4%b0%e8%83%9e%e8%86%9c%e9%81%8b%e8%bc%b8%e7%89%a9%e8%b3%aa%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b9%e5%bc%8f%ef%bc%88uniporrt-cotransport-antiport%ef%bc%89-%e5%9c%8b%e7%ab%8b%e5%8f%b0%e7%81%a3%e5%b8%ab%e7%af%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e7%b4%b0%e8%83%9e%e8%86%9c%e9%81%8b%e8%bc%b8%e7%89%a9%e8%b3%aa%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b9%e5%bc%8f%ef%bc%88uniporrt-cotransport-antiport%ef%bc%89-%e5%9c%8b%e7%ab%8b%e5%8f%b0%e7%81%a3%e5%b8%ab%e7%af%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u904b\u8f38\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u904b\u8f38\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f (Uniporrt, Cotransport, Antiport)<\/span>
\n\u81fa\u4e2d\u5e02\u96d9\u5341\u570b\u6c11\u4e2d\u5b78\u81ea\u7136\u9818\u57df\u738b\u6dd1\u537f\u6559\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u7cfb\u5f35\u6c38\u9054\u526f\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u904b\u8f38\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f9d\u904b\u8f38\u65b9\u5411\u5340\u5206\u6709\uff1a\u55ae\u5411\u904b\u8f38(uniport)\u548c\u5354\u540c\u904b\u8f38(cotransport)\u3002\u5354\u540c\u904b\u8f38\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u7a2e\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u904b\u8f38\u4f34\u96a8\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u904b\u8f38\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u7269\u8cea\u540c\u5411\u904b\u8f38(symport)\u8207\u53cd\u5411\u904b\u8f38(antiport)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u904b\u8f38\u7269\u8cea\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f9d\u5176\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5340\u5206\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u904b\u8f38<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f9d\u80fd\u91cf\u53ef\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u88ab\u52d5\u904b\u8f38(passive transport)<\/strong>\u548c\u4e3b\u52d5\u904b\u8f38( active transport )<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

(\u4e00)\u88ab\u52d5\u904b\u8f38<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u4e0d\u8017\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7269\u8cea\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u64f4\u6563\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u53c8\u5340\u5206\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

1.<\/strong>\u7c21\u55ae\u64f4\u6563(simple diffusion)\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u53ea\u8981\u5927\u5c0f\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u904e\u89aa\u8102\u6027\u8102\u96d9\u5c64\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u4e0d\u5e36\u96fb\u3001\u975e\u6975\u6027\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u7531\u6fc3\u5ea6\u9ad8\u5f80\u6fc3\u5ea6\u4f4e\u65b9\u5411\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7cfb\u7d71\u5448\u73fe\u64f4\u6563\u5e73\u8861\u5f8c\uff0c\u7269\u8cea\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u52d5\u614b\u6027\u96d9\u5411\u5747\u8861\u64f4\u6563\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6c27\u6c23\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u3001\u6c2e\u6c23\u3001\u6c34\u3001\u5c3f\u7d20\u3001\u9152\u7cbe\u3001\u7518\u6cb9\u3001\u6709\u6a5f\u6eb6\u5291\u82ef(benzene\uff0cC6H6) \u548c\u8102\u6eb6\u6027\u6fc0\u7d20\u5982\u6027\u8377\u723e\u8499\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

2.<\/strong>\u4fc3\u9032\u64f4\u6563(facilitated diffusion)\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5fc5\u9808\u85c9\u7531\u819c\u4e0a\u4e4b\u901a\u9053\u86cb\u767d\u6216\u8f09\u9ad4\u86cb\u767d\u5b8c\u6210\u64f4\u6563\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u8017\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4\u7c21\u55ae\u64f4\u6563\u66f4\u5feb\uff08\u8a3b\uff1a\u5728\u904b\u8f38\u86cb\u767d\u672a\u98fd\u548c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8f03\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u3001\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u5229\u7528\u8f7d\u9ad4\u86cb\u767d\u904b\u8f38\uff0c\u5e36\u96fb\u9240\u96e2\u5b50\u3001\u9209\u96e2\u5b50\u3001\u9223\u96e2\u5b50\u5229\u7528\u96e2\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u86cb\u767d\u904b\u8f38\uff0c\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u4e5f\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u6c34\u901a\u9053\u86cb\u767d\u5feb\u901f\u6ef2\u900f\u901a\u904e\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u3002\uff08\u8a3b\uff1a\u6ef2\u900f\u4f5c\u7528osmosis\u2014\u662f\u6307\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u4ee5\u64f4\u6563\u65b9\u5f0f\u901a\u904e\u534a\u900f\u819c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

(\u4e8c)\u4e3b\u52d5\u904b\u8f38<\/strong>\uff1a<\/span>\u8017\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4e14\u5fc5\u9808\u85c9\u7531\u819c\u4e0a\u4e4b\u8f09\u9ad4\u86cb\u767d\u5354\u52a9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9006\u7269\u8cea\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u8207\u5316\u5b78\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u8de8\u819c\u904b\u8f38\uff0c\u5373\u7531\u6fc3\u5ea6\u4f4e\u5f80\u6fc3\u5ea6\u9ad8\u65b9\u5411\u904b\u8f38\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

1.<\/strong>\u9209\u9240\u5e6b\u6d66(\\(Na^+-K^+\\) pump)\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u9175\u7d20\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31ATP\u78f7\u9178\u6c34\u89e3\u9176\u00a0(ATP phosphorhydrolase\uff0cATPase)\uff0c\u9700\u6d88\u8017ATP\u4f7f\u904b\u8f38\u86cb\u767d\u78f7\u9178\u5316\u5f8c\u4e26\u4e14\u8b8a\u5f62\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c073\u500b \\(Na^+\\) \u91cb\u51fa\uff1b\u7576\u904b\u8f38\u86cb\u767d\u53bb\u78f7\u9178\u5316\u6642\u53c8\u6062\u5fa9\u539f\u4f86\u5f62\u72c0\u4e26\u540c\u6642\u5c072\u500b \\(K^+\\) \u904b\u9001\u9032\u5165\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9209\u9240\u5e6b\u6d66\u5c6c\u65bc\u53cd\u5411\u904b\u8f38\u3002\u5e6b\u6d66\u6253\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u5916\u7684 \\(Na^+\\) \u5229\u7528\u8f09\u9ad4\u86cb\u767d\u4ee5\u8017\u80fd\u4e3b\u52d5\u904b\u8f38\u65b9\u5f0f\u904b\u9001\u5165\u819c\u5167\u6642\uff0c\u4e26\u540c\u6642\u5c07\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u4ee5\u540c\u5411\u904b\u8f38\u65b9\u5f0f\u904b\u5165\u819c\u5167\u3002\u52d5\u7269\u85c9\u7531\u6b64\u6a5f\u5236\u7dad\u6301\u7d30\u80de\u5167 \\(K^+\\) \u6fc3\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3001\\(Na^+\\) \u6fc3\u5ea6\u4f4e\uff0c\u53ef\u7dad\u6301\u7d30\u80de\u9ad4\u7a4d\u548c\u795e\u7d93\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u50b3\u8f38\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u7dad\u6301\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u96fb\u4f4d\u4f7f\u795e\u7d93\u885d\u52d5\u5f97\u4ee5\u50b3\u8f38\u3002<\/p>\n

2.<\/strong>\u8cea\u5b50\u5e6b\u6d66(\\(H^+\\) pump)\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u662f\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u9175\u7d20\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u9700\u6d88\u8017ATP\u5c07\u8cea\u5b50\\((H^+)\\)\u904b\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\u5916\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u55ae\u5411\u904b\u8f38\u3002\u819c\u4e0a\u6709\u7a2e\u904b\u8f38\u86cb\u767d\u53ef\u5c07\u819c\u5916\u9ad8\u6fc3\u5ea6\u8cea\u5b50\\((H^+)\\)\u518d\u64f4\u6563\u56de\u6d41\u5165\u819c\u5167\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4ee5\u540c\u5411\u904b\u8f38\u65b9\u5f0f\u8f38\u9001\u8517\u7cd6\u7b49\u5206\u5b50\u9032\u5165\u819c\u5167\u3002\u5728\u52d5\u7269\u3001\u690d\u7269\u3001\u771f\u83cc\u548c\u7d30\u83cc\u7b49\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u6216\u7c92\u7dda\u9ad4\u3001\u8449\u7da0\u9ad4\u7684\u80de\u5668\u819c\u5373\u662f\u85c9\u6b64\u8cea\u5b50\u5e6b\u6d66\u5132\u5b58\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

3.ATP<\/strong>\u9a45\u52d5\u578b\u5e6b\u6d66(ATP drive pump)\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9700\u6d88\u8017ATP\u5c07\u88ab\u8cea\u5b50\u5e6b\u6d66\u904b\u51fa\u819c\u5916\u4e4b\u8cea\u5b50(\\(H^+\\) \u96e2\u5b50)\u6fc3\u7e2e\u65bc\u819c\u4e4b\u4e00\u5074\u800c\u5132\u5b58\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u96e2\u5b50\u6fc3\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6(\u5316\u5b78\u68af\u5ea6)\u8207\u9020\u6210\u819c\u96fb\u4f4d\u7684\u96fb\u529b\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5f62\u6210\u96fb\u5316\u5b78\u68af\u5ea6(electrochemical gradient)\u53ef\u4fc3\u9032\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u88ab\u52d5\u904b\u8f38\u64f4\u6563\u4f5c\u7528\u9032\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u904b\u8f38\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u5982\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3001\u591a\u91a3\u985e\u7b49\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u8cea\u5fc5\u9808\u85c9\u7531\u56ca\u6ce1(vesicles)\u8207\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u878d\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u904b\u8f38\uff0c\u4f9d\u65b9\u5411\u904b\u8f38\u5340\u5206\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

(\u4e00)\u80de\u6ccc\u4f5c\u7528(\u53c8\u7a31\u80de\u5410\u4f5c\u7528\uff0cexocytosis )\uff1a<\/strong><\/span>\u7576\u9ad8\u57fa\u6c0f\u9ad4\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u904b\u8f38\u56ca\u6ce1(transport vesicle)\u904b\u9001\u81f3\u7d30\u80de\u819c\uff0c\u56ca\u6ce1\u819c\u8207\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u4e0a\u4e4b\u96d9\u5c64\u8102\u819c\u56e0\u5206\u5b50\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\u800c\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5411\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u5916\u5206\u6ccc\u51fa\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u690d\u7269\u7d30\u80de\u5229\u7528\u6b64\u4f5c\u7528\u5c07\u91a3\u985e\u9001\u51fa\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u3002\u5206\u6ccc\u578b\u7d30\u80de\u5982\u80f0\u81df\uff0c\u5176\u8ca0\u8cac\u6d88\u5316\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u6ccc\u80f0\u6db2\u81f3\u6d88\u5316\u7ba1\u3001\u8ca0\u8cac\u5167\u5206\u6ccc\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u6ccc\u80f0\u5cf6\u7d20\u81f3\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u7686\u662f\u85c9\u7531\u80de\u6ccc\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u5206\u6ccc\u4f5c\u7528(secretion)\u3002<\/p>\n

(\u4e8c)\u80de\u541e\u4f5c\u7528 (endocytosis)\uff1a<\/strong><\/span>\u81ea\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u8655\u7684\u4f0a\u5c0f\u5340\u57df\u5411\u5167\u51f9\u9677\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u56ca\u6ce1\u4ee5\u651d\u5165\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u6216\u7279\u6b8a\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f9d\u541e\u5165\u7269\u8cea\u4e4b\u5dee\u7570\u53c8\u5340\u5206\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

1.<\/strong>\u541e\u566c\u4f5c\u7528(phagocytosis)<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7d30\u80de\u541e\u566c\u672a\u6eb6\u89e3\u7684\u5718\u584a\u6216\u9846\u7c92\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u5148\u4f38\u51fa\u507d\u8db3(pseudopodia)\u570d\u7e5e\u4e4b\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5305\u88f9\u5728\u6db2\u80de\u7684\u819c\u56ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u518d\u8207\u542b\u6709\u6c34\u89e3\u9175\u7d20\u7684\u6eb6\u9ad4\u878d\u5408\u5f8c\uff0c\u9846\u7c92\u4fbf\u88ab\u6d88\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

2.<\/strong>\u80de\u98f2\u4f5c\u7528(pinocytosis)\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7d30\u80de\u555c\u98f2\u6eb6\u89e3\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u5c0f\u6ef4\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u6db2\u6642\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5c0f\u6ef4\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u90fd\u6703\u88ab\u80de\u98f2\u800c\u5438\u5165\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u3002<\/p>\n

3.<\/strong>\u53d7\u9ad4\u5a92\u4ecb\u5f0f\u4e4b\u80de\u541e\u4f5c\u7528 ( receptor-mediated endocytosis )\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u4e0a\u6709\u4e9b\u63a5\u53d7\u86cb\u767d\u53ef\u548c\u7d30\u80de\u5916\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u914d\u9ad4(ligands)\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u9019\u53d7\u9ad4-\u914d\u9ad4\u7d50\u5408\u662f\u6709\u5c08\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u53d7\u9ad4\u5f80\u5f80\u4f4d\u5728\u819c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u6f25\u8655\uff0c\u8207\u914d\u9ad4\u7d50\u5408\u5f8c\u6df1\u9677\u5f62\u6210\u56ca\u6ce1\uff0c\u651d\u5165\u7d30\u80de\u4ee5\u4f9b\u4ee3\u8b1d\uff0c\u53d7\u9ad4\u53ef\u518d\u56de\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u5faa\u74b0\u5229\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong>
\n1.Campbell, NA and Reece, JB (2002) Biology (6th.ed.) Chap. 8. Membrane structure and function p.138-154.
\n2.\u79d1\u5b78\u6708\u520a (1991).22\u537711\u671f \u63ed\u958b\u7d30\u80de\u96e2\u5b50\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u7955\u5bc6-1991\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u751f\u7406\u91ab\u5b78\u734e\u7c21p.809-812\u3002
\n3.Gerald Karp(2004)\u3002\u5ed6\u73cd\u7426\u3001\u5442\u9577\u76ca\u3001\u5468\u4e2d\u8208(\u5408\u8b6f)\u3002\u7d30\u80de\u8207\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b78-\u89c0\u5ff5\u8207\u5be6\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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