{"id":77993,"date":"2018-03-29T07:00:45","date_gmt":"2018-03-28T23:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=77993"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:03:35","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:03:35","slug":"%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e5%89%bd%e7%ab%8abiopiracy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e5%89%bd%e7%ab%8abiopiracy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u751f\u7269\u527d\u7aca(Biopiracy)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u751f\u7269\u527d\u7aca(Biopiracy)<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u7cfb \u67ef\u4e00\u5609<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7576\u5de5\u696d\u5316\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u6216\u8f03\u591a\u751f\u7269\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u53c3\u8a2a\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c07\u7576\u5730\u751f\u7269\u8cc7\u6e90\u6216\u662f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u6216\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u7b49\u5728\u672a\u544a\u77e5\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c07\u8a72\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u6216\u7d93\u9a57\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u7d93\u90e8\u5206\u4fee\u6539\u5f8c\uff0c\u64c5\u81ea\u62ff\u53bb\u7533\u8acb\u5c08\u5229\u6216\u54c1\u7a2e\u6b0a\u7b49\u667a\u6167\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a(Intellectual Property Rights)\uff0c\u4ee5\u7372\u53d6\u7d93\u6fdf\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u82e5\u8a72\u4f01\u696d\u4e26\u672a\u5c07\u8a72\u667a\u6167\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u8207\u7576\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u6216\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u751f\u7269\u527d\u7aca\u300d(Mgbeoji, 2014)\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4fdd\u5b58\u9019\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u907a\u50b3\u8cc7\u6e90\u6216\u767c\u6398\u51fa\u5176\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u597d\u8655\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u7576\u5730\u5148\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u8207\u667a\u6167\u9577\u4e45\u7d2f\u7a4d\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f01\u696d\u50c5\u7d93\u904e\u5c11\u8a31\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u6beb\u7121\u5be6\u8cea\u6027\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u6216\u5275\u65b0\uff0c\u5c31\u62ff\u53bb\u7533\u8acb\u5c08\u5229\u6216\u662f\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u667a\u6167\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\uff0c\u518d\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u5011\u5305\u62ec\u7576\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\u5df2\u958b\u59cb\u88ab\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e26\u906d\u5230\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u6216\u8cac\u96e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

\u5716\u4e00\u3001\u7da0\u8272\u548c\u5e73\u7d44\u7e54\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u6b50\u6d32\u5c08\u5229\u5c40\u524d\u9032\u884c\u53cd\u751f\u7269\u527d\u7aca\u7684\u6297\u8b70\u884c\u52d5\u3002\uff08\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7da0\u8272\u548c\u5e73\u7d44\u7e54\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n

\u76f8\u95dc\u6848\u4f8b\u4e0d\u65b7\u88ab\u63ed\u767c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u9999\u7c73(Basmati\u00a0Rice)\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u9999\u7c73\u662f\u6cdb\u6307\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u6216\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u751f\u7522\u5177\u6709\u9999\u5473\u7684\u7c73\uff0c\u7576\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u57f9\u80b2\u51fa\u4e0d\u5c11\u54c1\u7a2e\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7a3b\u7c73\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3(Rice Research Institute)\u4e5f\u57f9\u80b2\u51fa\u7a31\u70baBasmati 370\u7684\u54c1\u7a2e\uff0c\u90fd\u5c0d\u9999\u7c73\u57f9\u80b2\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u7136\u57281997\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u5c08\u5229\u5546\u6a19\u5c40(U.S. Patent and Trademarks Office ) \u6388\u4e88\u5fb7\u5dde\u516c\u53f8Ricetec Inc.\u4e00\u500b\u9999\u7c73\u7684\u5c08\u5229—\u00a0(US 5663484 \uff1bBasmati\u00a0rice\u00a0lines and grains)\uff0c\u88e1\u9762\u5305\u542b\u5c0d\u65bc\u9999\u7c73\u54c1\u7a2e\u53ca\u6536\u7a6b\u7269\u7684\u5c08\u5c6c\u6392\u4ed6\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u6709\u9032\u53e3\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9999\u7c73\u7522\u54c1\u3002\u5f9e\u5b83\u7684\u5c08\u5229\u8acb\u6c42\u9805\u7bc4\u570d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7a3b\u7c73\u5728\u7f8e\u6d32\u6216\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u5cf6\u7a2e\u690d\uff0c\u6210\u719f\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u9577\u523080\u516c\u5206\u5230140\u516c\u5206\uff1b\u5c0d\u5149\u9031\u671f\u986f\u8457\u5730\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\uff1b\u4e26\u4e14\u751f\u7522\u51fa\u7a3b\u7c73\u7684\u6210\u4efd\u7b26\u5408\u4e00\u5b9a\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u843d\u5165\u5c08\u5229\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u500b\u7f8e\u570b\u5c08\u5229\u4e0d\u4f46\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528Basmati Rice\u7684\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u672a\u8207\u7576\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5171\u4eab\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u516c\u7d04(Convention on Biological Diversity)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c6c\u65bc\u751f\u7269\u527d\u7aca (Jamil,1998)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9084\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a(1)\u8591\u9ec3\uff1a\u7f8e\u570b\u5c08\u5229\u5546\u6a19\u5c40\u57281993\u5e74\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u5229\u7528\u8591\u9ec3\u4f86\u6cbb\u7642\u50b7\u53e3\u7684\u5c08\u5229(US 5401504\uff1bUse of turmeric in wound healing)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8591\u9ec3\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u70ba\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u85e5\u7528\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c08\u5229\u7b49\u65bc\u662f\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8cc7\u6e90\u8207\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u7570\u8b70\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u8a72\u5c08\u5229\u5df2\u65bc1997\u5e74\u88ab\u64a4\u92b7\u3002(2)\u5c3c\u59c6\u6a39(Neem)\uff1a\u7f8e\u570b\u5c08\u5229US 5124349(Storage stable azadirachtin formulation)\u53ca\u6b50\u6d32\u5c08\u5229EP 0436257(Method for controlling fungi on plants by the aid of a hydrophobic extracted neem oil\u00a0)\u6d89\u53ca\u5229\u7528\u5370\u5ea6Neem\u6a39\u6216\u7a2e\u5b50\u4f86\u63a7\u5236\u771f\u83cc\u6216\u7576\u9a45\u87f2\u5291\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5c3c\u59c6\u6a39\u4f86\u9a45\u87f2\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u5370\u5ea6\u53ca\u591a\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff (\u90ed\u83ef\u4ec1\uff0c2000) \u3002<\/p>\n

\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4ee4\u4eba\u7fa8\u6155\u7684\u751f\u7269\u907a\u50b3\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u73cd\u8cb4\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u53ca\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u77e5\u8b58\u61c9\u8a72\u52a0\u5f37\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u81fa\u7063\u767e\u5408(lilium formosanum<\/em>)\u3001\u81fa\u7063\u7d05\u6a9c(Chamaecyparis formosensis<\/em>)\u3001\u81fa\u7063\u8096\u6960(Calocedrus macrolepis var formosana<\/em>)\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u81fa\u7063\u7279\u6709\u7a2e\u3002\u5149\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u5b78\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u667a\u6167\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u7d44\u7e54(World Intellectual Property Organization, \u201cWIPO\u201d)\u7684\u5c08\u5229\u6aa2\u7d22\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u67e5\u5230\u8a31\u591a\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5c08\u5229\u3002\u5728\u5c08\u5229\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u9019\u4e9b\u7269\u7a2e\u5177\u6709\u6297\u8001\u5316\u3001\u6297\u764c\u3001\u6cbb\u7642\u547c\u5438\u9053\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u7136\u800c\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u906d\u5230\u751f\u7269\u527d\u7aca\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u9664\u4e86\u7a4d\u6975\u767c\u5c55\u5177\u6709\u6f5b\u529b\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8cc7\u6e90\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u7acb\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8b77\u4f86\u52a0\u5f37\u4fdd\u8b77\u81ea\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u4e26\u540c\u6642\u8981\u6c42\u570b\u969b\u4e0a\u82e5\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u81fa\u7063\u751f\u7269\u907a\u50b3\u8cc7\u6e90\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u4f9d\u7167\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u516c\u7d04\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5229\u76ca\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ikechi Mgbeoji (2014) Global Biopiracy: Patents, Plants, and Indigenous Knowledge. UBC Press.<\/li>\n
  2. Uzma Jamil (1998) Biopiracy: The Patenting of Basmati by Ricetec. (https:\/\/www.sdpi.org\/publications\/files\/W37-Biopiracy.pdf<\/a>)<\/li>\n
  3. \u90ed\u83ef\u4ec1(2000) \u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u690d\u7269\u907a\u50b3\u8cc7\u6e90\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u77e5\u8b58\u6b0a\uff0c\u300a\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u8207\u53f0\u7063\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u767c\u5c55\u300b\uff0c\u8ca1\u5718\u6cd5\u4eba\u53f0\u7063\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6587\u6559\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\uff0c\u9801165\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u751f\u7269\u527d\u7aca(Biopiracy) \u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u7cfb \u67ef\u4e00\u5609 \u7576\u5de5\u696d\u5316\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u6216\u8f03\u591a\u751f\u7269\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u53c3…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[110,4812,4829],"tags":[9725,11220,3164,11219,11221],"class_list":["post-77993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lifesciecne00","category-lifesciecne003","category-lifesciecne003-04","tag-9725","tag-11220","tag-3164","tag-11219","tag-11221","loop-entry","cat-110","cat-4812","cat-4829","no-thumbnail"],"views":4340,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77993","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=77993"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77993\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":85825,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77993\/revisions\/85825"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=77993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=77993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=77993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}