{"id":73138,"date":"2016-07-13T08:57:15","date_gmt":"2016-07-13T00:57:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=73138"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:09:23","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:09:23","slug":"%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e5%ae%b6%e5%82%b3%e8%a8%98-%e4%ba%a8%e5%88%a9%ef%bc%8e%e8%b7%af%e6%98%93%ef%bc%8e%e5%8b%92%e6%b2%99%e7%89%b9%e5%88%97-henry-louis-le-chatelier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e5%ae%b6%e5%82%b3%e8%a8%98-%e4%ba%a8%e5%88%a9%ef%bc%8e%e8%b7%af%e6%98%93%ef%bc%8e%e5%8b%92%e6%b2%99%e7%89%b9%e5%88%97-henry-louis-le-chatelier\/","title":{"rendered":"\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u50b3\u8a18\u2014\u4ea8\u5229\uff0e\u8def\u6613\uff0e\u52d2\u6c99\u7279\u5217 (Henry Louis Le Ch\u00e2telier)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u50b3\u8a18\u2014\u4ea8\u5229\uff0e\u8def\u6613\uff0e\u52d2\u6c99\u7279\u5217 (Henry Louis Le Ch\u00e2telier)<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u751f \u6797\u6b23\u6167<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"73138_p1\"<\/a>

\u5716\u4e00\u3001\u52d2\u6c99\u7279\u5217\u3002\uff08\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599 5\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n

\u52d2\u6c99\u7279\u5217\uff08Henry Louis Le Ch\u00e2telier\uff0c\u5716\u4e00\uff09 1-3<\/sup> \u662f\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c1850 \u5e74 10 \u6708 8 \u65e5\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u6cd5\u570b\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c 1936 \u5e74 9 \u6708 17 \u65e5\u5352\u65bc\u7c73\u91cc\u8c9d\u840a\u57c3\u820d\u840a\uff08\u4f0a\u6fa4\u723e\u7701\uff09\uff0c\u4eab\u5e74 86 \u6b72\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u4fbf\u662f\u4ed6\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u52d2\u6c99\u7279\u5217\u539f\u7406 (Le Chatelier’s principle)4<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52d2\u6c99\u7279\u5217\u662f\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u9577\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcd\u89aa\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5152\u6642\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u76f8\u7576\u56b4\u683c\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u76f8\u7576\u898f\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u4ed6\u56b4\u683c\u9075\u5b88\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52d2\u6c99\u7279\u5217\u7684\u7236\u89aa\u8def\u6613\u00b7\u52d2\u6c99\u7279\u5217\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6cd5\u570b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u53ca\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b6<\/sup>\uff0c\u5c0d\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u9435\u8def\u904b\u8f38\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u4ee5\u53ca\u767c\u5c55\u5f9e\u92c1\u571f\u7926\u4e2d\u751f\u7522\u92c1\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u88fd\u7a0b\uff0c\u548c\u897f\u9580\u5b50\u99ac\u4e01\u92fc (Siemens-Martin steel) \u7684\u88fd\u9020\uff0c\u5c0d\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u53d7\u5230\u7236\u89aa\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7d93\u5e38\u4f86\u5f80\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u6cd5\u570b\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u53ca\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4e94\u500b\u5144\u5f1f\u90fd\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u79d1\u5b78\u76f8\u95dc\u884c\u696d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52d2\u6c99\u7279\u5217\u5c31\u8b80\u65bc\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u970d\u6797\u5b78\u9662 (Coll\u00e8ge Rollin)\uff0c\u65bc 1867-1868 \u5e74\u62ff\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u6587\u6191\uff0c1869 \u5e74\u9032\u5165\u5df4\u9ece\u7efc\u5408\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662 (\u00c9cole Polytechnique) \u5c31\u8b80\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u65bc 1870 \u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\u666e\u6cd5\u6230\u722d (Franco\u2013Prussian War) \u7684\u5c55\u958b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u9808\u53c3\u8207\u5df4\u9ece\u4fdd\u885b\u6230\u800c\u4e2d\u65b7\u5b78\u7fd2\u30021871 \u5e74\u6230\u722d\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u5230\u5df4\u9ece\u9ad8\u7b49\u7926\u696d\u5b78\u9662 (\u00c9cole des Mines in Paris) \u5b78\u7fd2\u7926\u51b6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n

1877 \u5e74\u4ed6\u53d7\u5230\u6bcd\u6821\u7684\u9080\u8acb\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5df4\u9ece\u9ad8\u7b49\u7926\u696d\u5b78\u9662\u7576\u5316\u5b78\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u4ed6\u4fbf\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u6709\u95dc\u6c34\u6ce5\u3001\u9676\u74f7\u53ca\u73bb\u7483\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u6e2c\u5b9a\u9ad8\u6eab\u6642\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u6539\u9032\u4e86\u71b1\u96fb\u5076 (thermocouple) \u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u6e2c\u5b9a\u6eab\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u71b1\u96fb\u5076\u662f\u4ee5\u7d14\u9251\u68d2\u53ca\u9251 \/ \u92a0\u5408\u91d1\u68d2\uff08\u6bd4\u4f8b = 9:1\uff09\u7684\u5169\u7aef\u4e4b\u9593\u710a\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e00\u7aef\u53d7\u71b1\u6642\uff0c\u4fbf\u6703\u7522\u751f\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u6703\u7522\u751f\u71b1\u96fb\u52d5\u52e2\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u6b64\u96fb\u52d5\u52e2\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u6eab\u5ea6\u30027-8<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u5149\u6e2c\u9ad8\u6eab\u8a08 (Optical Pyrometer)9<\/sup>\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5229\u7528\u7576\u6642\u525b\u767c\u8868\u7684\u65af\u7279\u51e1\u2014\u6ce2\u8332\u66fc\u5b9a\u5f8b (Stefan-Boltzmann law) \u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7269\u9ad4\u8868\u9762\u8f3b\u5c04\u8207\u8868\u9762\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6240\u8a2d\u8a08\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9806\u5229\u7684\u6e2c\u5b9a 3000 o<\/sup>C \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u9ad8\u6eab\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u5c0d\u65bc\u9ad8\u6eab\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u5be6\u9a57\u8207\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c1884 \u5e74\u4ed6\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u8981\u9054\u5230\u5e73\u8861\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u7e3d\u7d50\u73fe\u5728\u8457\u540d\u7684\u52d2\u6c99\u7279\u5217\u539f\u7406\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5c07\u540c\u671f\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5409\u5e03\u65af (J. Willard Gibbs) \u767c\u8868\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u6cd5\u6587\u4e26\u8207\u4ed6\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7d71\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\u3002<\/p>\n

1895 \u5e74\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4e59\u7094\u9032\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u4e59\u709410<\/sup>\u548c\u6c27\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u76f8\u7576\u9ad8\u6eab\u7684\u706b\u7130\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u6c27\u7094\u7130 (oxyacetylene torch)\uff0c\u6eab\u5ea6\u53ef\u9ad8\u9054 3300~3500 o<\/sup>C\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u7528\u5728\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u710a\u63a5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52d2\u6c99\u7279\u5217\u65bc 1904 \u5e74\u5275\u7acb\u96dc\u8a8c\u300a\u51b6\u91d1\u8a55\u8ad6\u300b (La revue de m\u00e9tallurgie<\/em>)\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8b93\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u51b6\u91d1\u6709\u5b78\u8853\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u6210\u70ba\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u671f\u520a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52d2\u6c99\u7279\u5217\u665a\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u56de\u61b6\u8d77\u6700\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u4e8b\u4fbf\u662f\u8b93\u767c\u73fe\u88fd\u5099\u6c28\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f9e\u4ed6\u624b\u4e2d\u6e9c\u8d70\uff1b\u7576\u6642\u5f88\u591a\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u5617\u8a66\u8981\u5408\u6210\u6c28\u6c23\u4f46\u662f\u90fd\u4ee5\u5931\u6557\u6536\u5834\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u8a2d\u8a08\u5728 600 o<\/sup>C \u9ad8\u6eab\u3001200 atm \u4e0b\u5728\u9435\u7684\u52a9\u76ca\u4e0b\u8981\u5c07\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u6c2e\u6c23\u53ca\u6c2b\u6c23\u9084\u539f\u88fd\u5099\u6c28\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6b64\u88dd\u7f6e\u7206\u70b8\u4e86\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u54c8\u67cf (Fritz Haber) \u53d7\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u555f\u767c\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u7814\u7a7611<\/sup>\uff0c\u65bc 1908 \u5e74\u6210\u529f\u7684\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u6c28\u6c23\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f8c\u4e16\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u54c8\u67cf\u6cd5 (Haber Process) 12<\/sup>\uff1b\u54c8\u67cf\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u5230 1918 \u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Desch, C. H. (1938). “Henry Louis Le Ch\u00e2telier. 1850\u20131936”. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 2<\/strong> (6): 250\u2013226. Doi:10.1098\/rsbm.1938.0005.<\/li>\n
  2. Henry-Louis Le Chatelier. French chemist \u2014 Encyclopedia Britannica. http:\/\/global.britannica.com\/biography\/Henry-Louis-Le-Chatelier<\/li>\n
  3. Henry Louis Le Ch\u00e2telier Biography (1850-1936) \u2014 How Products Are Made. http:\/\/www.madehow.com\/inventorbios\/23\/Henry-Louis-Le-Ch-telier.html<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. \u5e73\u8861\u79fb\u52d5\u7684\u539f\u7406\u2500\u52d2\u6c99\u7279\u5217\u539f\u7406\uff5c\u79d1\u5b78Online http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=13108<\/li>\n
  5. Henry Louis Le Ch\u00e2telier \u2014 Wikipedia. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Louis_Le_Ch%C3%A2telier<\/li>\n
  6. Louis Le Chatelier \u2014 Wikipedia. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_Le_Chatelier<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. Today In Science History \u2013 October 8 \u2013 Henry-Louis Le Chatelier \u2014 Science Notes.http:\/\/sciencenotes.org\/today-in-science-history-october-8-henry-louis-le-chatelier\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. \u6234\u660e\u9cf3\u3001\u8463\u4fca\u826f (2009)\u3002\u71b1\u96fb\u5076\u5f0f\u8207\u71b1\u654f\u5f0f\u96fb\u5b50\u6eab\u5ea6\u5668\u3002\uff5c\u570b\u7acb\u6e05\u83ef\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u3002http:\/\/www.phys.nthu.edu.tw\/~gplab\/file\/thermocouple.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. Optical Pyrometer \u2014 Instumention Today. http:\/\/www.instrumentationtoday.com\/optical-pyrometer\/2011\/08\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. \u4e59\u7094 (Ethyne) \uff5c\u79d1\u5b78Online http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=4622<\/li>\n
  11. van Klooster, H. (1938). Le Chatelier and the synthesis of ammonia. J. Chem. Educ., 15<\/em>(6), 289. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/ed015p289.1<\/li>\n
  12. Fritz Haber \u2014 Wikipedia. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fritz_Haber<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u50b3\u8a18\u2014\u4ea8\u5229\uff0e\u8def\u6613\uff0e\u52d2\u6c99\u7279\u5217 (Henry Louis Le Ch\u00e2telier) \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,79,77,63,62],"tags":[7689,8628,10325,2670,1117,2662],"class_list":["post-73138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry08-02","category-chemistry08","category-chemistry04-01","category-chemistry04","tag-chemical-equilibrium","tag-chemists-biography","tag-lechateliers-principle","tag-2670","tag-1117","tag-2662","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-79","cat-77","cat-63","cat-62","no-thumbnail"],"views":1922,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73138"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86273,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73138\/revisions\/86273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=73138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=73138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}