{"id":73049,"date":"2016-07-06T07:18:09","date_gmt":"2016-07-05T23:18:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=73049"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:09:24","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:09:24","slug":"%e5%8f%a4%e5%85%b8%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ad%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e5%8f%a4%e5%85%b8%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ad%b8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b78"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b78 (Classical Physics)<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u96fb\u6a5f\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u7cfb \u674e\u664f\u5982<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u6f14\u9032\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u63a8\u624b\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5be6\u9a57\u5100\u5668\u7684\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cf\u6e2c\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7cbe\u6e96\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u91cf\u6e2c\u5230\u904e\u53bb\u6240\u7121\u6cd5\u91cf\u6e2c\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u548c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u4ea4\u754c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u754c\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u5929\u7ffb\u5730\u8986\u7684\u6ce2\u703e\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u754c\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u7269\u7406\u5206\u70ba\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406 (classical physics) \u548c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7269\u7406 (modern physics)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82e5\u8981\u5c07\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u5c07\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u4e00\u8d77\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u5148\u6558\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e9b\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u7684\u8c50\u529f\u5049\u7e3e\uff0c\u5728\u529b\u5b78 (mechanics) \u65b9\u9762\u6700\u70ba\u4eba\u6240\u6d25\u6d25\u6a02\u9053\u61c9\u662f\u725b\u9813 (Isaac Newton, 1642-1727) \u7684\u529b\u5b78\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4ee5\u5411\u91cf\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u512a\u7f8e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7269\u7406\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u88ab\u5f8c\u4eba\u7a31\u70ba\u725b\u9813\u529b\u5b78 (Newtonian mechanics)\uff1b\u63a5\u8457\u5728\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5 (Joseph Louis Lagrange, 1736-1813) \u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u754c\u6d41\u884c\u8457\u4e00\u7a2e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u6709\u8457\u6975\u5c0f\u5316\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u53d7\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8d77\u767c\uff0c\u5c07\u539f\u5148\u7684\u725b\u9813\u529b\u5b78\u4ee5\u7c21\u6f54\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u4f5c\u7528\u91cf\u5448\u73fe\uff0c\u628a\u5ea7\u6a19\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5ee3\u7fa9\uff0c\u88ab\u5f8c\u4e16\u7a31\u70ba\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u529b\u5b78 (Lagrangian mechanics)\uff1b\u5176\u5f8c\u54c8\u5bc6\u9813 (William Rowan Hamilton, 1805\u20131865) \u5c07\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u60f3\u6cd5\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u5ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\uff08\u5ee3\u7fa9\u7684\uff09\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53ca\uff08\u5ee3\u7fa9\u7684\uff09\u52d5\u91cf\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u7368\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5c07\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u8868\u793a\u5f0f\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u6d17\u934a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5448\u73fe\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u54c8\u5bc6\u9813\u529b\u5b78 (Hamiltonian mechanics)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78 (electromagnetics) \u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01 (James Clerk Maxwell, 1831\u20131879) \u6210\u529f\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u904e\u53bb\u5728\u6b64\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u512a\u96c5\u4f46\u4e0d\u5931\u53bb\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9673\u5217\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u56db\u689d\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u73fe\u7a31\u70ba\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f (Maxwell’s equations)\u3002\u9019\u56db\u689d\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u5049\u5927\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4ee5\u7d14\u7cb9\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2 (electromagnetic wave) \u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f88\u6070\u5de7\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u504f\u4e0d\u501a\u7684\u662f\u5149\u901f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5de7\u5408\u63d0\u4f9b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e00\u500b\u5951\u6a5f\uff0c\u5c07\u539f\u5148\u81ea\u7acb\u9580\u6236\u7684\u5149\u5b78 (optics) \u6574\u5408\u9032\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u5149\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u773c\u4e2d\u5c31\u662f\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u71b1\u529b\u5b78 (thermodynamics) \u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f9e\u7a2e\u7a2e\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u6b78\u7d0d\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u7d14\u7cb9\u4ee5\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c07\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u71b1\u6027\u8cea\u4ee5\u56db\u689d\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u5b9a\u5f8b (laws of thermodynamics) \u52a0\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u6b64\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u611f\u5230\u6eff\u8db3\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u52a0\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u4f01\u6c42\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6a5f\u7387\u8207\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u8a95\u751f\u51fa\u4e86\u7d71\u8a08\u529b\u5b78 (statistical mechanics)\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u5728\u7cfb\u7d71\u5167\u90e8\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u6975\u5927\u6642\uff0c\u6240\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u4e86\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5de8\u89c0\u96c6\u9ad4\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u7684\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u5be6\u9a57\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u7d2f\u7a4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7b97\u662f\u4ee5\u6975\u77ed\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\uff0c\u873b\u8713\u9ede\u6c34\u5f0f\u7684\u5c07\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u7a0d\u52a0\u8868\u8ff0\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7372\u5f97\u5404\u65b9\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u80fd\u529b\u767c\u6398\u51fa\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9019\u4e9b\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u7a2e\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u6703\u6f38\u6f38\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u5728\u904b\u52d5\u901f\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5feb\uff0c\u5feb\u5230\u63a5\u8fd1\u5149\u901f\u6642\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u5728\u5c3a\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u5c0f\u5230\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u7b49\u7d1a\u6642\u3002\u9019\u6642\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\u5c31\u5f97\u52a0\u5165\u624d\u884c\uff0c\u72f9\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6 (special relativity) \u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78 (quantum mechanics)\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e8c\u8005\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7269\u7406\u662f\u70ba\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u8b02\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u6cdb\u6307\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u6b64\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u7269\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Classical physics \u2013 Wikipedia. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Classical_physics<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Newton’s laws of motion \u2013 Wikipedia. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Lagrangian \u2013 Wikipedia. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lagrangian<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Hamiltonian mechanics \u2013 Wikipedia. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hamiltonian_mechanics<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. Marion, J. B., Thornton, S. T. (2003), Classical dynamics of particles and systems, Chapter 7, Academic Press.<\/li>\n
  6. Classical electromagnetism \u2013 Wikipedia. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Classical_electromagnetism<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. Griffiths, D. J. (2012), Introduction to Electrodynamics Fourth Edition, Pearson.<\/li>\n
  8. Thermodynamics \u2013 Wikipedia. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermodynamics<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. Statistical mechanics \u2013 Wikipedia. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistical_mechanics<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b78 (Classical Physics) \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u96fb\u6a5f\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u7cfb \u674e\u664f\u5982 \u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u4ee3\u7684…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[107,46,47],"tags":[3710,10297,7348,471,597,10296],"class_list":["post-73049","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-physics00","category-physics12","category-physics12-01","tag-isaac-newton","tag-modern-physics","tag-physics-2","tag-471","tag-597","tag-10296","loop-entry","cat-107","cat-46","cat-47","no-thumbnail"],"views":6208,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73049","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73049"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73049\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86283,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73049\/revisions\/86283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73049"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=73049"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=73049"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}