{"id":72842,"date":"2020-10-01T17:27:28","date_gmt":"2020-10-01T09:27:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=72842"},"modified":"2021-10-06T15:42:18","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T07:42:18","slug":"%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%8f%b2-%e5%a5%b3%e6%80%a7%e5%92%8c%e8%ab%be%e8%b2%9d%e7%88%be%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e7%8d%8e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%8f%b2-%e5%a5%b3%e6%80%a7%e5%92%8c%e8%ab%be%e8%b2%9d%e7%88%be%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e7%8d%8e\/","title":{"rendered":"[\u7269\u7406\u53f2] \u5973\u6027\u548c\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u5973\u6027\u548c\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb \u694a\u4fe1\u7537\u6559\u6388\u3001\u856d\u5982\u73c0<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n\uff08\u8b6f\u81ea<em>APS News<\/em>\uff0c2013\u5e7412\u6708\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u6708\u518d\u904e\u5e7e\u5929\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\uff08Peter Higgs\uff09\u548c\u6069\u683c\u52d2\uff08Fran\u00e7ois Englertur\uff09\u5c07\u6703\u5230\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u723e\u6469\u9818\u53d6 2013 \u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u56e0\u70ba\u63d0\u51fa\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u5982\u4f55\u7372\u5f97\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u65bc 2012 \u5e74\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u6838\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08CERN\uff09\u5927\u578b\u5f37\u5b50\u5c0d\u649e\u6a5f\u767c\u73fe\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u6642\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8b49\u5be6\u800c\u7372\u734e\u3002\u9019\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u754c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u81ea\u5f9e 1901 \u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c46\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u81f3 2013 \u5e74\uff0c\u5171\u6709 196 \u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f97\u734e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u5be6\u81f3\u540d\u6b78\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9664\u4e86 2 \u540d\u5916\uff0c\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u7537\u6027\u5f97\u4e3b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u6842\u51a0\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u5f97\u4e3b\uff1a\u746a\u9e97\u4e9e\uff0e\u5c45\u91cc\uff08Marie Curie\uff09\uff0c\u5979\u65bc 1903 \u5e74\u56e0\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u53ca\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8207\u5979\u5148\u751f\u76ae\u8036\u5408\uff0e\u5c45\u91cc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8c9d\u514b\u52d2\uff08Henri Becquerel\uff09\u540c\u6642\u7372\u734e\u3002\u5728\u5979\u5148\u751f\u65e9\u901d\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u7e7c\u7e8c\u65bc 1911 \u5e74\u53c8\u8d0f\u5f97\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u662f\u5316\u5b78\u734e\uff0c\u56e0\u5979\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4e14\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u300c\u9433\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u91d9\u3002\u00a0<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u904e\u4e86 50 \u591a\u5e74\u5f8c\u624d\u53c8\u51fa\u73fe\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u7269\u7406\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\uff1a\u746a\u9e97\u4e9e\uff0e\u6885\u723e\uff08Maria Goeppert Mayer\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u6703\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u734e\u9805\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5979\u547d\u540d\u3002\u746a\u9e97\u4e9e\u5e74\u8f15\u6642\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7684\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\uff0c\u9032\u4e86\u7531\u9f13\u5439\u5a66\u5973\u6709\u6b0a\u53c3\u653f\u8005\u6240\u7d93\u71df\u7684\u4e2d\u5b78\uff0c\u6b64\u4e2d\u5b78\u5275\u7acb\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u57f9\u990a\u5e74\u8f15\u5973\u6027\u4e0a\u5927\u5b78\u3002\u7576\u90a3\u6240\u5b78\u6821\u7a81\u7136\u7834\u7522\uff0c\u746a\u9e97\u4e9e\u63d0\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\u53c3\u52a0\u5165\u5b78\u8003\u8a66\uff0c\u7372\u9304\u53d6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u9032\u5165\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u5927\u5b78\uff08University of G\u00f6ttingen\uff09\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u8afe\u7279\uff08Emmy Noether\uff09\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u6388\u8ab2\uff0c\u746a\u9e97\u4e9e\u56e0\u6b64\u5148\u7814\u7fd2\u6578\u5b78\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u9078\u64c7\u653b\u8b80\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u65bc 1930 \u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u746a\u9e97\u4e9e\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\u548c\u7d04\u745f\u592b\uff0e\u6885\u723e\uff08Joseph Edward Mayer\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\uff09\u7d50\u5a5a\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u6885\u723e\u5148\u751f\u7372\u5f97\u7f8e\u570b\u7d04\u7ff0\u970d\u5e03\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b78\uff08Johns Hopkins\uff09\u7684\u6559\u8077\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u592b\u5a66\u5006\u642c\u53bb\u7f8e\u570b\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u746a\u9e97\u4e9e\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u9762\u5f88\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u537b\u53ea\u5728\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7576\u52a9\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u8b93\u5979\u4f7f\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u65bd\u3002\u5979\u65bc 1935 \u5e74\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6709\u95dc\u96d9\u8c9d\u4ed6\u8870\u8b8a\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u7576\u6885\u723e\u5148\u751f\u65bc 1937 \u5e74\u88ab\u89e3\u9664\u8077\u52d9\uff0c\u642c\u81f3\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u6642\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u746a\u9e97\u4e9e\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u800c\u5979\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u8a31\u591a\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c24\u91cc\uff08Harold Urey\uff09\u3001\u6cf0\u52d2\uff08Edward Teller\uff09\u548c\u8cbb\u7c73\uff08Enrico Fermi\uff09\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u672a\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u8077\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u592b\u5a66\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u642c\u5bb6\uff0c\u642c\u81f3\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u746a\u9e97\u4e9e\u624d\u7d42\u65bc\u7372\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u6559\u6388\u7684\u8077\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u9084\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u85aa\u6c34\u3002\u5979\u540c\u6642\u9084\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u963f\u5ca1\u570b\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Argonne National Laboratory\uff09\u517c\u8077\uff0c\u8077\u7a31\u8cc7\u6df1\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u5979\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u503c\u5f97\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7684\u6838\u6bbc\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u67d0\u4e9b\u6838\u5b50\u7684\u300c\u9b54\u6578\u300d\u6703\u7522\u751f\u7279\u5225\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7d44\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u6885\u723e\u592b\u4eba\u8eab\u70ba\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u662f\u7537\u6027\u7684\u9818\u57df\u9762\u81e8\u963b\u7919\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u537b\u6709\u5feb\u6a02\u7684\u7d50\u5c40\u30021960 \u5e74\uff0c\u5979\u548c\u5979\u5148\u751f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u8056\u5730\u7259\u54e5\u5206\u6821\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7684\u6709\u7d66\u8077\u6b63\u6559\u6388\u8077\u4f4d\u3002\u7576 1963 \u5e74\u50b3\u4f86\u5979\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6642\uff0c\u5979\u5c31\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u4efb\u8077\uff1b\u8056\u5730\u7259\u54e5\u7576\u5730\u7684\u5831\u7d19\u982d\u7248\u982d\u689d\u5831\u5c0e\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u8056\u5730\u7259\u54e5\u6bcd\u89aa\u8d0f\u5f97\u4e86\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u300d\uff08\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u5ef6\u68ee\u3010Hans D. Jensen\u3011\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5927\u7d04\u540c\u6642\u7368\u7acb\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5169\u4eba\u548c\u7dad\u683c\u7d0d\u3010Eugene Wigner\u3011\u540c\u7372\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002\uff09\u6885\u723e\u592b\u4eba\u9084\u662f\u7dad\u6301\u4e00\u8cab\u7684\u300c\u7372\u734e\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ca\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u672c\u8eab\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u8208\u596e\u300d\u2500\u9019\u5c0d\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5c08\u696d\u5831\u916c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u5408\u9069\u7684\u5beb\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u7576\u8981\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ab0\u61c9\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u6642\u7e3d\u6703\u6709\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u5973\u6027\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u7537\u6027\u7af6\u722d\u8005\u6642\u66f4\u5e38\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u6bcf\u8ac7\u53ca\u6709\u8cc7\u683c\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u80fd\u7372\u734e\u6642\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u5b57\u5c31\u662f\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\uff08Lise Meitner\uff09\u3002\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u548c\u5fb7\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u54c8\u6069\uff08Otto Hahn\uff09\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6838\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u8d85\u904e 30 \u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5979\u662f\u7336\u592a\u4eba\uff0c1938 \u5e74\u88ab\u8feb\u96e2\u958b\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5fb7\u570b\uff0c\u9003\u81f3\u745e\u5178\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4ee5\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u54c8\u6069\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u7684\u6307\u5f15\u5c0d\u65bc\u5be6\u9a57\u767c\u73fe\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u5177\u95dc\u9375\u6027\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u54c8\u6069\u65bc 1944 \u5e74\u55ae\u7368\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\u88ab\u63d0\u540d\u5e7e\u6b21\uff0c\u4f46\u5f9e\u672a\u7372\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_72859\" style=\"width: 198px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/72842_p1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-72859\" class=\"wp-image-72859 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/72842_p1.png\" alt=\"72842_p1\" width=\"188\" height=\"189\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-72859\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5433\u5065\u96c4<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u9084\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u5433\u5065\u96c4\uff0c\u5979\u5c08\u653b\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u6a19\u6e96\u5c40\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u9032\u884c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9237-60 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