{"id":70303,"date":"2016-05-08T07:03:12","date_gmt":"2016-05-07T23:03:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=70303"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:09:31","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:09:31","slug":"%ce%b1-%e8%a1%b0%e8%ae%8a%ef%bc%88%e9%98%bf%e7%88%be%e7%99%bc%e8%a1%b0%e8%ae%8a%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%ce%b1-%e8%a1%b0%e8%ae%8a%ef%bc%88%e9%98%bf%e7%88%be%e7%99%bc%e8%a1%b0%e8%ae%8a%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03b1 \u8870\u8b8a\uff08\u963f\u723e\u767c\u8870\u8b8a\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

$$\\alpha$$ \u8870\u8b8a\uff08\u963f\u723e\u767c\u8870\u8b8a\uff09(Alpha decay)<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb \u6797\u53f8\u7267<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7c21\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

$$\\alpha$$ \u8870\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u767c\u97f3\u70ba\u963f\u723e\u767c\u8870\u8b8a\uff0c\u662f\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u8870\u8b8a\uff08\u6838\u8870\u8b8a\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\uff08\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u8870\u8b8a\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u985e\u578b\u6709 $$\\alpha$$ \u8870\u8b8a\u3001$$\\beta$$ \u8870\u8b8a\u548c $$\\gamma$$ \u8870\u8b8a\u4e09\u7a2e\uff09\u3002\u6838\u8870\u8b8a\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53d7\u6eab\u5ea6\u3001\u58d3\u529b\u3001\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u7b49\u5916\u754c\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53d7\u5143\u7d20\u6240\u8655\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u53ea\u548c\u6642\u9593\u6709\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n

$$\\alpha$$ \u8870\u8b8a\u662f\u6307\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u653e\u5c04\u51fa $$\\alpha$$\u00a0\u7c92\u5b50\uff08\u5373\u6c26\u539f\u5b50\u6838 $$\\mathrm{^{4}_{2}He}$$\uff09\u5f8c\u8b8a\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u3002\u8870\u8b8a\u5f8c\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u96fb\u8377\u6578\uff08\u6216\u8aaa\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u3001\u8cea\u5b50\u6578\uff09\u6bd4\u8870\u8b8a\u524d\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u6e1b\u5c11 2\uff0c\u8cea\u91cf\u6578\u6bd4\u8870\u8b8a\u524d\u6e1b\u5c11 4\u3002$$\\alpha$$ \u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u662f\u96fb\u96e2\u80fd\u529b\u5f37\uff0c\u5c04\u7a0b\u77ed\uff0c\u4f46\u7a7f\u900f\u80fd\u529b\u8f03\u5f31\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u7d19\u5f35\u5373\u53ef\u963b\u64cb\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u96f2\u9727\u5ba4\uff08\u4e00\u7a2e\u65e9\u671f\u5075\u6e2c\u6e38\u96e2\u8f3b\u5c04\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\uff09\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u7c97\u800c\u77ed\u7684\u8ecc\u8de1\u3002<\/p>\n

\"70303_p1\"<\/a>

\u5716\u4e00 $$\\alpha$$ \u8870\u8b8a\u793a\u610f\u5716\uff08\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u81ea\u7e6a\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u4e4b\u53cd\u61c9\u5f0f (I) \u662f $$\\alpha$$ \u8870\u8b8a\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u923e-238 \u901a\u904e \u03b1 \u7c92\u5b50\u767c\u5c04\u7684\u8870\u8b8a\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u91f7-234 \u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u70ba\u5716\u4e00\uff1a<\/p>\n

$$\\mathrm{^{238}_{92}U}\\rightarrow\\mathrm{^{234}_{90}Th}+\\mathrm{^{4}_{2}He}~~~~~~$$\u5f0f(I)<\/p>\n

\u5f0f (I) \u4e5f\u53ef\u5beb\u6210\u5f0f (II)\uff1a<\/p>\n

$$\\mathrm{^{238}U}\\rightarrow\\mathrm{^{234}Th}+\\alpha~~~~~~$$\u5f0f(II)<\/p>\n

\u7279\u6027<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u4e00\u9846\u653e\u5c04\u51fa\u7684 $$\\alpha$$ \u7c92\u5b50\u79fb\u52d5\u901f\u5ea6\u7d04\u662f\u6bcf\u79d2 15,000 \u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u53ea\u9054\u5230 5% \u5149\u901f\uff08\u5149\u901f\u662f\u6642\u901f 1,079,252,848.8 \u516c\u91cc\uff09\uff1b\u7531\u65bc $$\\alpha$$\u00a0\u7c92\u5b50\u76f8\u5c0d\u5927\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6709\u8457 +2 \u7684\u96fb\u8377\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5c0d\u6162\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u5176\u4ed6\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u6703\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u6216\u7c92\u5b50\u7522\u751f\u53cd\u61c9\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 $$\\alpha$$ \u7c92\u5b50\u5728\u5e7e\u5398\u7c73\u539a\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u5167\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u5438\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u7a7f\u900f\u529b\u4e0d\u5f37\uff0c$$\\alpha$$ \u7c92\u5b50\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u5728\u4eba\u9ad4\u5916\u90e8\u4e0d\u69cb\u6210\u5371\u96aa\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u91cb\u653e $$\\alpha$$\u00a0\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff08\u9433\u3001\u923e\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u5438\u5165\u6216\u6ce8\u5165\u9ad4\u5167\uff0c\u90a3\u5c07\u6703\u5341\u5206\u5371\u96aa\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba $$\\alpha$$\u00a0\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u9ad8\u52d5\u80fd\u8207\u9ad8\u96fb\u96e2\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7834\u58de\u5167\u81df\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u7a7f\u900f\u80fd\u529b\u96d6\u7136\u5f31\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u751f\u7269\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e0b\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u8f3b\u5c04\u3002<\/p>\n

$$\\alpha$$\u00a0\u8870\u8b8a\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u91cb\u653e\u6838\u5b50\u578b\u8870\u8b8a\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u6c26\u6c23\u90fd\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u5730\u4e0b\u860a\u85cf\u7684\u7926\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u923e\u548c\u91f7\u7684 $$\\alpha$$\u00a0\u8870\u8b8a\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6210\u56e0<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

$$\\alpha$$\u00a0\u8870\u8b8a\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u767c\u751f\u5728\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6578\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u53ea\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc $$Z>82$$ \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8981\u4e86\u89e3 $$\\alpha$$\u00a0\u8870\u8b8a\u70ba\u4f55\u6703\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u60f3\u8870\u8b8a\u524d\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u662f\u7531\u8870\u8b8a\u5f8c\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u53ca $$\\mathrm{^{4}_{2}He}$$ \u539f\u5b50\u6838\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u3002$$\\mathrm{^{4}_{2}He}$$ \u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5728\u8870\u8b8a\u524d\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5167\u53d7\u5230\u5f37\u6838\u529b\uff08\u4f5c\u7528\u65bc\u5f37\u5b50<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u5982:\u4e2d\u5b50\u3001\u8cea\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u77e5\u56db\u7a2e\u57fa\u672c\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u6700\u5f37\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u7528\u8ddd\u96e2\u975e\u5e38\u77ed\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u5728 $$10^{-15}~m$$ \u7bc4\u570d\u5167\uff09\u675f\u7e1b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b83\u5982\u679c\u96e2\u958b\u5f37\u6838\u529b\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5f8c\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5eab\u502b\u96fb\u529b\u662f\u6392\u65a5\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u96e2\u958b\u5f8c\u4f4d\u80fd\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f37\u6838\u529b\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u58c1\u58d8\u9632\u7dda\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u8870\u8b8a\u524d\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u7acb\u5373\u5d29\u6f70\uff0c\u4f46\u662f \u00a0$$\\mathrm{^{4}_{2}He}$$ \u539f\u5b50\u6838\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u7a7f\u96a7\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6a5f\u7387\u96e2\u958b\u6838\u529b\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u86fb\u8b8a\u5f8c\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u81ea\u96fb\u4f4d\u80fd\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc $$\\alpha$$\u00a0\u8870\u8b8a\u8981\u9078\u64c7\u653e\u5c04 $$\\mathrm{^{4}_{2}He}$$ \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8cea\u5b50\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u8f03\u8f15\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u4e2d\uff0c$$\\mathrm{^{4}_{2}He}$$ \u662f\u552f\u4e00\u5177\u6709\u8f03\u5927\u5e73\u5747\u675f\u7e1b\u80fd\uff08\u5c07\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u62c6\u6389\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff09\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838 (~7.07MeV)\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\uff0c\u8cea\u5b50 ($$\\mathrm{^{1}H}$$) \u8207\u4e2d\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u6c92\u6709\u675f\u7e1b\u80fd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u653e\u5c04\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9019\u4e9b\u7c92\u5b50\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5229\u65bc\u8870\u8b8a\u7684\u767c\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u8f03\u91cd\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\uff0c\u5982 $$\\mathrm{^{12}C}$$ (~7.68MeV)\uff0c\u5728\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0a\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u592a\u91cd\uff0c\u8981\u7a7f\u96a7\u901a\u904e\u5f37\u6838\u529b\u7684\u58c1\u58d8\u8f03\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7576\u8870\u8b8a\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684 $$Z$$ \u66f4\u5927\u6642\uff08\u8d85\u904e $$100$$ \u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5eab\u502b\u65a5\u529b\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0a\u6709\u5229\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u6703\u514b\u670d\u7a7f\u96a7\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u4ee5\u653e\u5c04\u51fa $$\\mathrm{^{12}C}$$\u00a0\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u91cd\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u4f86\u964d\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8870\u8b8a\u7a31\u70ba\u6838\u5206\u88c2 (Nuclear Fission)\u3002\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\uff0c\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u8207 $$\\alpha$$\u00a0\u8870\u8b8a\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u03b1 \u8870\u8b8a\uff5c\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u3002 <\/span>https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u6838\u8870\u8b8a (Nuclear Decay)\uff5c\u79d1\u5b78Onlie\u3002 <\/span>http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=19138<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Chia-Hung Vincent Chang, Particle Phyiscs Introduction-Chinese, <\/span>http:\/\/phy.ntnu.edu.tw\/~chchang\/Notes14\/Particle%20Phyiscs%20Introduction-Chinese.doc<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    $$\\alpha$$ \u8870\u8b8a\uff08\u963f\u723e\u767c\u8870\u8b8a\uff09(Alpha decay) \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb \u6797\u53f8\u7267 \u7c21\u4ecb $$\\…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,107,32],"tags":[10013,10010,10011,2591,10012,10009],"class_list":["post-70303","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-physics07-02","category-physics00","category-physics07","tag-binding-energy","tag-decay","tag-nucleus","tag-2591","tag-10012","tag-10009","loop-entry","cat-34","cat-107","cat-32","no-thumbnail"],"views":16603,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70303","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70303"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70303\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86361,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70303\/revisions\/86361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70303"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70303"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70303"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}