{"id":69030,"date":"2016-02-03T00:59:25","date_gmt":"2016-02-02T16:59:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=69030"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:08:04","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:08:04","slug":"%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%8f%b2-%e9%bb%91%e7%b6%ad%e5%a1%9e-oliver-heaviside-%e8%be%ad%e4%b8%96%e4%ba%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%8f%b2-%e9%bb%91%e7%b6%ad%e5%a1%9e-oliver-heaviside-%e8%be%ad%e4%b8%96%e4%ba%86\/","title":{"rendered":"[\u7269\u7406\u53f2] \u9ed1\u7dad\u585e (Oliver Heaviside) \u8fad\u4e16\u4e86"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\uff08Oliver Heaviside\uff09\u8fad\u4e16\u4e86<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb \u694a\u4fe1\u7537\u6559\u6388\u3001\u856d\u5982\u73c0<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n\uff08\u8b6f\u81ea<em>APS News<\/em>\uff0c2010\u5e742\u6708\uff09<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_69039\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/69030_p1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-69039\" class=\"wp-image-69039\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/69030_p1.jpg\" alt=\"69030_p1\" width=\"200\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/69030_p1.jpg 513w, http:\/\/localhost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/69030_p1-195x300.jpg 195w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-69039\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\uff08Oliver Heaviside\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f8b\u884c\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5de5\u5177\u53eb\u505a\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u968e\u8e8d\u51fd\u6578 (Heaviside step function)\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u4fe1\u865f\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\u958b\u555f\u4e00\u500b\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4e00\u76f4\u958b\u8457\u3002\u6b64\u5de5\u5177\u4ee5\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u535a\u5b78\u4e4b\u58eb\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e (Oliver Heaviside) \u547d\u540d\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u968e\u8e8d\u51fd\u6578\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u540d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6b64\u51fd\u6578\u537b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u9019\u4f4d\u4e00\u751f\u90fd\u5728\u8f9b\u82e6\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5ea6\u904e\uff0c\u537b\u76f8\u5c0d\u6c92\u6c92\u7121\u805e\u53c8\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d19\u4e16\u7d00\u6578\u5b78\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u6700\u6c92\u5275\u610f\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u548c\u6709\u540d\u7684\u72c4\u66f4\u65af\uff08Charles Dickens\uff09\u4e00\u6a23\u90fd\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u82f1\u570b\u502b\u6566\u7684\u8ca7\u6c11\u5340\u5eb7\u767b\u93ae\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u8457\u4e00\u982d\u7d05\u9aee\uff0c\u500b\u5b50\u77ee\u5c0f\uff0c\u5bb6\u6709\u56db\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u4ed6\u6392\u884c\u6700\u5c0f\uff0c\u7236\u89aa\u6e6f\u59c6\u58eb\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6728\u982d\u96d5\u523b\u5e2b\u4e5f\u662f\u6c34\u5f69\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u3002\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u7ae5\u5e74\u6642\u611f\u67d3\u4e86\u7329\u7d05\u71b1\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u534a\u807e\uff0c\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u5eb7\u767b\u93ae\u5c31\u5b78\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u4ed6\u7121\u6cd5\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u7ae5\u76f8\u8655\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u9664\u4e86\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\u5916\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5b78\u79d1\u90fd\u662f\u6210\u7e3e\u6700\u597d\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5c31\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u5305\u5bb9\u9019\u4f4d\u53e4\u602a\u7684\u5929\u624d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u572816\u6b72\u6642\u9000\u5b78\u5728\u5bb6\u81ea\u5b78\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u7684\u59e8\u4e08\u60e0\u53f8\u540c\u7235\u58eb\uff08Sir Charles Wheatstone\uff09\u57281830\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c\u5eab\u514b\uff08William Cooke\uff09\u5171\u540c\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u96fb\u5831\uff0c\u88ab\u516c\u8a8d\u662f\u96fb\u5831\u8207\u7576\u6642\u76f8\u5c0d\u65b0\u8208\u9818\u57df\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u5169\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u5148\u5728\u4e39\u9ea5\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5728\u6cf0\u6069\u6cb3\uff08Tyne\uff09\u7554\u7d10\u585e\uff08Newcastle\uff09\u7576\u96fb\u5831\u64cd\u4f5c\u54e1\u3002\u4ed6\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u6649\u5347\u70ba\u4e39\u9ea5\u5317\u5927\u65b9\u96fb\u5831\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4f5c\u696d\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4ed6\u552f\u4e00\u7d93\u6b77\u904e\u7684\u5168\u8077\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u65bc1873\u5e74\u8b80\u5230\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\uff08James Clerk Maxwell\uff09\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7684\u300a\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u5c0e\u8ad6\u300b\uff08Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism\uff09\uff0c\u5c0d\u6b64\u5de8\u4f5c\u8eab\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u9694\u5e74\u5373\u8fad\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u50be\u5168\u529b\u5c08\u5fc3\u7814\u8b80\uff0c\u4e26\u642c\u56de\u4ed6\u7236\u6bcd\u5728\u502b\u6566\u7684\u8001\u5bb6\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4ee3\u6578\u548c\u4e09\u89d2\u51fd\u6578\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u6293\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u9ede\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u56de\u61b6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5c07\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u64fa\u4e00\u908a\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u6211\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u5feb\u901f\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u300d\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5f9e20\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\u768420\u500b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6e1b\u70ba\u53ea\u67092\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u56db\u500b\u5411\u91cf\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002\u90a34\u500b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u975c\u614b\u548c\u6d41\u52d5\u96fb\u8377\uff0c\u78c1\u5076\u6975\u548c\u96fb\u78c1\u611f\u61c9\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u968e\u8e8d\u51fd\u6578\u548c\u5728\u5411\u91cf\u5fae\u7a4d\u5206\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8ca2\u737b\u5916\uff0c\u57281880-1887\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u9084\u767c\u5c55\u904b\u7b97\u5fae\u7a4d\u5206\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u4ee3\u6578\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f86\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7528\u8b8a\u6578(p)\u53d6\u4ee3\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u70ba\u5206\u7b97\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u7d93\u89e3\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee3\u6578\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\u5373\u53ef\u900f\u904e\u63db\u7b97\u8868\u5c07\u5176\u8f49\u56de\u53bb\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u5728\u7576\u6642\u662f\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u4e26\u672a\u8aaa\u660e\u5b83\u7684\u63a8\u6f14\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6b64\u984c\u6750\u5411\u7687\u5bb6\u5b78\u6703\u5730\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u7406\u7531\u800c\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u3002\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u4e0d\u559c\u6b61\u92ea\u9673\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u5177\u540d\u8a00\uff1a\u300c\u6578\u5b78\u662f\u4e00\u9580\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u5230\u4f86\u3002\u300d\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u66fe\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u6d88\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u800c\u62d2\u7d55\u5403\u665a\u9910\u3002\u300d\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u65e9\u671f\u7576\u96fb\u5831\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u4e5f\u958b\u62d3\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ed6\u5e6b\u5fd9\u767c\u5c55\u50b3\u8f38\u7dda\u7406\u8ad6\uff08\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u96fb\u5831\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u6578\u5b78\u8aaa\u660e\u82e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u50b3\u8f38\u7dda\u4e0a\u5747\u52fb\u5730\u5206\u5e03\u96fb\u611f\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5730\u4fe1\u865f\u7684\u8870\u6e1b\u8207\u5931\u771f\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u96fb\u963b\u4e0d\u662f\u592a\u5927\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4fe1\u865f\u5728\u96fb\u8def\u4e0a\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u5931\u771f\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u983b\u7387\u7684\u96fb\u6d41\u5c31\u90fd\u80fd\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u50b3\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u65bc\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u57281887\u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u63d0\u8b70\u6cbf\u8457\u96fb\u8a71\u7dda\u5728\u56fa\u5b9a\u9593\u8ddd\u4f7f\u7528\u611f\u61c9\u7dda\u5708\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u5747\u52fb\u7684\u96fb\u611f\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4fe1\u865f\u5728\u96fb\u7dda\u4e2d\u50b3\u8f38\u7684\u5931\u771f\u91cf\u3002\u4f46\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u5728\u8ad6\u6587\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u300a\u96fb\u5b78\u5bb6\u300b\uff08The Electrician\uff09\u671f\u520a\u5f8c\u5f9e\u672a\u7533\u8acb\u6b64\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5c08\u5229\u3002\u5e7e\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u6d66\u54c1\uff08Michael Pupin\uff09\u8207AT&amp;T \u574e\u8c9d\u8033\uff08George Campbell\uff09\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5373\u662f\u5efa\u69cb\u5728\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6d66\u54c1\u65bc1904\u5e74\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5c08\u5229\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u8b70\u548c\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u5206\u4eab\u6b64\u5c08\u5229\u7684\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u4f46\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u62d2\u7d55\u4e86\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u7576\u6642\u5df2\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7aae\u56f0\u6f66\u5012\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8981\u6c42AT&amp;T\u4e5f\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u8a8d\u540c\u4ed6\u7684\u5275\u610f\u624d\u9858\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u968e\u8e8d\u51fd\u6578\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u4ed6\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u9810\u6e2c\u5927\u6c23\u6709\u96e2\u5b50\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u5c64\uff0c\u6703\u5c07\u7121\u7dda\u4fe1\u865f\u53cd\u5c04\u56de\u5730\u7403\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7121\u7dda\u4fe1\u865f\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u5730\u7403\u800c\u5f4e\u66f2\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u9810\u611f\u5f8c\u4f86\u8b49\u660e\u7121\u8aa4\uff0c\u5782\u76f4\u767c\u5c04\u7121\u7dda\u96fb\u6ce2\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u5f9e\u53cd\u5c04\u5c64\u56de\u4f86\u4fe1\u865f\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u65bc1923\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ed6\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u7684\u80af\u4e43\u5229\u2014\u9ed1\u7dad\u585e\u5c64 (Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)\u3002\u97f3\u6a02\u5287\u4f5c\u66f2\u5bb6\u97cb\u67cf\uff08Andrew Lloyd Webber\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u5275\u4f5c\u81ea\u827e\u7565\u7279\uff08T. S. 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