{"id":63930,"date":"2015-07-02T09:32:15","date_gmt":"2015-07-02T01:32:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=63930"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:11:02","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:11:02","slug":"%e7%a1%9d%e5%8c%96%e7%94%98%e6%b2%b9nitroglycerin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e7%a1%9d%e5%8c%96%e7%94%98%e6%b2%b9nitroglycerin\/","title":{"rendered":"\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9(nitroglycerin)<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u78a9\u58eb\u751f \u6d2a\u5609\u99ff<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9(nitroglycerin, \\(\\mathrm{C_3H_5N_3O_9}\\))\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u785d\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f\u3001\u4e09\u785d\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f\u3001\u4e09\u785d\u9178\u4e19\u4e09\u916f\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u53ef\u7e2e\u5beb\u6210NG\u6216NTG\uff0c\u662f\u7518\u6cb9\u7684\u4e09\u785d\u9178\u916f\uff0c\u65bc1847\u5e74\u7531\u90fd\u9748\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u963f\u65af\u5361\u5c3c\u5967\u22c5\u7d22\u5e03\u96f7\u6d1b(Ascanio Sobrero)\u767c\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u963f\u65af\u5361\u5c3c\u5967\u22c5\u7d22\u5e03\u96f7\u6d1b\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u90fd\u9748\u5927\u5b78\u5c31\u8b80\u4e26\u5e2b\u627fTh\u00e9ophile-Jules Pelouze\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u65bc\u90fd\u9748\u5927\u5b78\u4efb\u6559\u6388\u8077\u3002\u4ed6\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u660e\u767d\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u6027\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u65e5\u8a18\u4e2d\u53ef\u77e5\u4ed6\u975e\u5e38\u53cd\u5c0d\u4f7f\u7528\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\uff0c\u6558\u8ff0\u8457\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5371\u96aa\u4e14\u975e\u5e38\u96e3\u4ee5\u8655\u7406\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u904e\u65bc\u5bb3\u6015\u7d22\u5e03\u96f7\u6d1b\u9084\u5c07\u9019\u9805\u767c\u660e\u7576\u4f5c\u79d8\u5bc6\u85cf\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

Pelouze\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u540d\u5e74\u8f15\u5b78\u751f\u70ba\u4eba\u4eba\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u963f\u723e\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u22c5\u4f2f\u6069\u54c8\u5fb7\u22c5\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e(Alfred Bernhard Nobel)\u3002\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5de5\u5ee0\u57281860\u5e74\u4ee3\u5de6\u53f3\u958b\u59cb\u6709\u95dc\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e26\u77e5\u66c9\u9019\u7684\u78ba\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5de5\u5ee0\u57281864\u5e749\u67083\u65e5\u767c\u751f\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u5e36\u8d70\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u4ed6\u5f1f\u5f1f\u5728\u5167\u7684\u4e94\u500b\u4eba\uff0c[1]<\/sup>\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7814\u7a76\u6539\u826f\u51fa\u80fd\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\u7684\u914d\u65b9\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6b64\u7533\u8acb\u5c08\u5229\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u96f7\u7ba1\u7684\u5c08\u5229\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u53ea\u8981\u5c07\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\u8207\u77fd\u85fb\u571f\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u60f0\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u6df7\u548c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5438\u6536\u5291\u647b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4fbf\u80fd\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u88fd\u9020\u3001\u904b\u8f38\u70b8\u85e5\u3002\u6b64\u914d\u65b9\u57281867\u5e74\u88ab\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7533\u8acb\u70ba\u5c08\u5229\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u4e4b\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u300cDynamite\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u529b\u91cf\u300d[2]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7279\u6027\u662f\u5728\u7d14\u54c1\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\u7121\u8272\u900f\u660e\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u7194\u9ede\u70ba \\(14^\\circ C\\)\u3002\u5728 \\(15^\\circ C\\) \u4e00\u5927\u6c23\u58d3\u4e0b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u70ba \\(1.6\\) \u6bcf\u7acb\u65b9\u516c\u5206\u514b\u91cd\uff0c\u7d04 \\(50^\\circ C\\) \u6642\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\\(100^\\circ C\\) \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5927\u91cf\u63ee\u767c\u4e26\u5192\u51fa\u4e9e\u785d\u9178\u9ec3\u7159\uff0c\u52a0\u71b1\u81f3\u6cb8\u9ede\u6642\u767c\u751f\u7206\u70b8\u3002\u5fae\u6eb6\u65bc\u6c34\uff0c\u53ef\u6eb6\u65bc\u4e19\u916e\u3001\u4e59\u919a\u3001\u82ef\u3001\u9152\u7cbe\u7b49\u6709\u6a5f\u6eb6\u5291\u3002\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\u7684\u88fd\u5099\u65b9\u6cd5\u70ba\u7518\u6cb9\u7d93\u785d\u9178\u8207\u786b\u9178\u4ee5 \\(3:1\\) \u7684\u9ad4\u7a4d\u6bd4\u6df7\u5408\u785d\u5316\u88fd\u5f97\u3002[3]<\/sup><\/p>\n

\"fig1\"<\/a>

\u5716\u4e00 \u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\u7684\u88fd\u5099\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u7e6a\u88fd\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n

\u786b\u9178\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u65bc\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u88ab\u8cea\u5b50\u5316\u7684\u785d\u9178\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6b64\u785d\u9178\u7269\u8cea\u6703\u88ab\u7518\u6cb9\u7684\u89aa\u6838\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u4fbf\u812b\u53bb\u4e00\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u4e14\u5f62\u6210\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u7684 \\(C-O-NO_2\\)\u00a0<\/span>\u7684\u5b98\u80fd\u57fa\u3002\u6b64\u53cd\u61c9\u975e\u5e38\u5371\u96aa\uff0c\u5728\u53cd\u61c9\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6703\u653e\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u71b1\u4f7f\u5f97\u7522\u7269\u63ee\u767c\uff0c\u4e14\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\u662f\u611f\u5ea6\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u6613\u7206\u7269\uff0c\u53d7\u71b1\u6216\u8005\u5f9e\u684c\u9762\u5230\u5730\u677f\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6389\u843d\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7206\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u539f\u56e0\u4f7f\u5f97\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\u70ba\u4e0d\u6613\u88fd\u5099\u548c\u904b\u9001\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

\"fig2\"<\/a>

\u5716\u4e8c \u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\u7684\u5206\u89e3\u53cd\u61c9 \uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u7e6a\u88fd\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n

\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\u7684\u5206\u89e3\u53cd\u61c9\u975e\u5e38\u5287\u70c8\uff08\u5716\u4e8c\uff09\uff0c\u6703\u8fc5\u901f\u91cb\u653e\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\uff0c\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\u8207\u8d77\u59cb\u7269\u5728\u540c\u6a23\u6eab\u5ea6\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad4\u7a4d\u53ef\u8d85\u904e\u8d77\u59cb\u7269\u9ad4\u7a4d\u7684 \\(1200\\) \u500d\uff0c\u4e26\u56e0\u5176\u91cb\u653e\u7684\u901f\u7387\u4e4b\u5feb\u800c\u7522\u751f\u9707\u6ce2\uff0c\u7206\u70b8\u7522\u751f\u7684\u71b1\u53ef\u4f7f\u6eab\u5ea6\u9054\u5230 \\(5,000^\\circ C\\)\u3002[4]<\/sup>\u7531\u65bc\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\u7206\u70b8\u7522\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5c0d\u91cb\u653e\u6c23\u9ad4\u83ab\u723e\u6578\u6bd4\u9060\u9ad8\u65bc\u8a31\u591a\u70b8\u85e5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\u6210\u70ba\u6700\u7099\u624b\u53ef\u71b1\u7684\u9ad8\u7206\u70b8\u85e5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\u9664\u4e86\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u611f\u5ea6\u6975\u9ad8\u4e14\u5a01\u529b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u70b8\u85e5\u4ee5\u5916\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u9805\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u8ca2\u737b\u826f\u591a\u7684\u8eab\u5206\uff1a\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u7528\u85e5\u3002\u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9\u5728\u85e5\u7269\u5206\u985e\u4e2d\u6b78\u5c6c\u65bc\u785d\u9178\u9e7d\u985e\u85e5\u54c1\u3002\u785d\u9178\u9e7d\u985e\u85e5\u54c1\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6a5f\u5236\u662f\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u7c92\u817a\u9ad4\u4e2d\u88ab\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a31\u70ba\u919b\u812b\u6c2b\u9176(aldehyde dehydrogenase)\u7684\u9175\u7d20\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u6c2e(nitric oxide)\uff0c[5]<\/sup>\u800c\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u6c2e\u4fbf\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8840\u7ba1\u64f4\u5f35\u5291(vasodilator)\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u7de9\u89e3\u67d0\u4e9b\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7531\u51a0\u72c0\u52d5\u8108\u963b\u585e\u6216\u75d9\u6523\u6240\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u5fc3\u7d5e\u75db\u3002 [6]<\/sup><\/p>\n

\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Encyclopedia of Modern Europe: Europe 1789\u20131914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire, “Alfred Nobel”, 2006 Thomson Gale.<\/li>\n
  2. http:\/\/inventors.about.com\/od\/dstartinventions\/a\/Alfred_Nobel.htm<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. “Zusammensetzung der Zuckerasche”.Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie<\/em> 64<\/strong> (3): 398. 1848. doi<\/a>:1002\/jlac.18480640364<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  4. Encyclopedia Britannica.<\/li>\n
  5. http:\/\/www.medicinenet.com\/nitroglycerin\/article.htm<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. http:\/\/www.shh.org.tw\/UI\/B\/B10210.aspx?id=AB&type=E&id2=A1074<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9(nitroglycerin) \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u78a9\u58eb\u751f \u6d2a\u5609\u99ff \u785d\u5316\u7518\u6cb9(nitroglycer…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,4799,4798],"tags":[8849,8850,837,8848,7106,836],"class_list":["post-63930","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry07-01","category-chemistry07","tag-glyceride","tag-nitrate","tag-nobel","tag-8848","tag-7106","tag-836","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-4799","cat-4798","no-thumbnail"],"views":10562,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63930","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63930"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63930\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86483,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63930\/revisions\/86483"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63930"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63930"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63930"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}