{"id":63699,"date":"2015-06-20T06:45:51","date_gmt":"2015-06-19T22:45:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=63699"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:11:03","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:11:03","slug":"%e5%bc%97%e6%b4%9b%e6%96%af%e7%89%b9%e5%9c%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e5%bc%97%e6%b4%9b%e6%96%af%e7%89%b9%e5%9c%96\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5f17\u6d1b\u65af\u7279\u5716"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u5f17\u6d1b\u65af\u7279\u5716 (Frost diagram)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u4e09\u5e74\u7d1a \u4fde\u59ff\u5b87<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>\u7c21\u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5f17\u6d1b\u65af\u7279\u5716 (Frost diagram) \u6216\u7a31\u81ea\u7531\u80fd \u2500 \u6c27\u5316\u6578\u5716 (free energy-oxidation state diagram) \u662f\u55ae\u4e00\u7a2e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u614b\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5716\uff0c\u55ae\u4e00\u7a2e\u5143\u7d20\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u6c27\u5316\u614b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u4e92\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c27\u5316\u9084\u539f\u5c0d (redox couple) \u7684\u9084\u539f\u96fb\u4f4d\uff0c\u96fb\u4f4d\u5dee\u8d8a\u5927\u4ee3\u8868\u53cd\u61c9\u8da8\u52e2\u8d8a\u5f37\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u5716\u793a\u6cd5\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5224\u8b80\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7e31\u8ef8\u70ba\u96fb\u4f4d \\(NE^\\Theta\\)\uff0c\u6a6b\u8ef8\u70ba\u6c27\u5316\u6578 \\((N)\\)\uff0c\u6c27\u5316\u6578\u503c\u4ee5\u905e\u589e\u6216\u905e\u6e1b\u6392\u5217\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u6a6b\u8ef8\u7684\u5ea7\u6a19\u5fc5\u9808\u5408\u4e4e\u7dda\u6027\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8a72\u5143\u7d20\u7121\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u6c27\u5316\u614b\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>\u8207\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u6fc3\u5ea6\u95dc\u4fc2<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6c27\u5316\u9084\u539f\u53cd\u61c9\u5f0f\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u80fd\u65af\u7279\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f (Nernst equation)\uff0cpH \u503c\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u9084\u539f\u96fb\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u9808\u6ce8\u610f\u5716\u4e2d\u7684 pH \u503c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c pH \u503c\u7684 Frost diagram \u4f86\u6bd4\u8f03\u9178\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u3001\u9e7c\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u96fb\u4f4d\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\\(\\displaystyle E=E^\\circ-\\frac{0.059}{n}\\log Q\\)<\/p>\n<p>\\(E\\)\uff1a\u9084\u539f\u96fb\u4f4d \\(E^\\circ\\)\uff1a\u6a19\u6e96\u9084\u539f\u96fb\u4f4d \\(n\\)\uff1a\u8f49\u79fb\u96fb\u5b50\u6578\u76ee \\(Q\\)\uff1a\u53cd\u61c9\u5546\u6578<em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>\u8209\u4f8b<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ee5\u9333\uff08Manganese\uff09\u8209\u4f8b\u8aaa\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u69cbFrost diagram\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5f9e\u9333\u7684\u62c9\u8482\u9ea5\u723e\u5716\uff08Latimer diagram\uff09\uff08\u5716\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u6c27\u5316\u9084\u539f\u5c0d\uff08Redox couple\uff09\u7684 \\(NE^\\Theta\\)\uff0c\u5982\u8868\u4e00\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f9e\u9333\u4e8c\u50f9\u96e2\u5b50\u9084\u539f\u6210\u9333\u96f6\u50f9\uff0c\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5169\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u8f49\u79fb\uff0c\\(NE^\\Theta\\)\u00a0\u70ba \\(2\\times (-1.18V)=-2.36\\)\uff0c\u9333\u4e09\u50f9\u96e2\u5b50\u9084\u539f\u6210\u9333\u4e8c\u50f9\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u6b64\u9084\u539f\u53cd\u61c9\u662f\u518d\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u7684 \\(-2.36V\\) \u518d\u52a0\u4e0a \\(+1.51\\)\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u9333\u96f6\u50f9\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u9ad8\u4f4e\u3002<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_68084\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/63699_p1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-68084\" class=\"wp-image-68084\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/63699_p1.png\" alt=\"63699_p1\" width=\"600\" height=\"138\" srcset=\"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/63699_p1.png 866w, http:\/\/localhost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/63699_p1-300x68.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-68084\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e00\\(~~~\\)\u62c9\u8482\u9ea5\u723e\u5716\uff08Latimer diagram\uff09\uff08\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u7e6a\u88fd\uff0c\u6578\u64da\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u65992\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u8a3b\uff1a\u5728\u6b64\u7684acidic solution\u548cbasic solution\u5206\u5225\u6307\u7684\u662f \\(1M\\) \u6a19\u6e96\u9178\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u3001\\(1M\\) \u6a19\u6e96\u9e7c\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_68083\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/63699_c1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-68083\" class=\"wp-image-68083\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/63699_c1.png\" alt=\"63699_c1\" width=\"600\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/63699_c1.png 1251w, http:\/\/localhost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/63699_c1-300x240.png 300w, http:\/\/localhost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/63699_c1-1024x821.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-68083\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u8868\u4e00\\(~~~\\)\u9333\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6c27\u5316\u614b\u7684 \\(NE^\\Theta\\)\uff08\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u6574\u7406\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u6839\u64da\u8868\u4e00\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u4f5c\u5716\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_68085\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/63699_p2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-68085\" class=\"wp-image-68085\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/63699_p2.png\" alt=\"63699_p2\" width=\"600\" height=\"367\" srcset=\"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/63699_p2.png 798w, http:\/\/localhost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/63699_p2-300x183.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-68085\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e8c\\(~~~\\)\u5f17\u6d1b\u65af\u7279\u5716\uff08\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u7e6a\u88fd\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>\u5224\u8b80\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4efb\u610f\u5169\u6c27\u5316\u614b\u9593\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u659c\u7387\u7b49\u65bc\u8a72\u6c27\u5316\u9084\u539f\u5c0d\uff08Redox couple\uff09\u7684\u9084\u539f\u96fb\u4f4d\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u4efb\u4f55\u5169\u689d\u76f4\u7dda\u7684\u659c\u7387\uff0c\u76f4\u7dda\u8d8a\u9661\u5ced\uff0c\u96fb\u4f4d\u5dee\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u65bc \\(NE^\\Theta\\)\u00a0\u6b63\u6bd4\u65bc\u5409\u5e03\u58eb\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff08Gibbs energy\uff09\\(G=-nFE^\\Theta\\) \uff0c\\(F\\) \u662f\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5e38\u6578\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64Frost diagram\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u8207\u6c27\u5316\u6578\u7684\u4f5c\u5716\uff0c\u5409\u5e03\u58eb\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u5728\u5b9a\u6eab\u5b9a\u58d3\u4e0b\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u6703\u8da8\u5411\u4f4e\u5409\u5e03\u58eb\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u8655\u65bc\u8d8a\u4f4e\u9ede\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u7a69\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u9178\u4e2d\u7684\u9333\u4e8c\u50f9\u96e2\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u662f\u9664\u4e86\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u4e4b\u5916\u6b64\u5716\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u7684\u5feb\u6162\u7121\u6cd5\u5f9e\u5716\u4e2d\u5224\u8b80\uff0c\u76f8\u9593\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u8b8a\u63db\uff0c\u727d\u626f\u591a\u500b\u9375\u7d50\u65b7\u88c2\u8207\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u80fd\u969c\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u767c\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>\u5224\u65b7\u6c27\u5316\u5291\u3001\u9084\u539f\u5291<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6c27\u5316\u6578\u4f4e\u8005\u70ba\u6c27\u5316\u5291\uff0c\u6c27\u5316\u6578\u9ad8\u8005\u70ba\u9084\u539f\u5291\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5224\u65b7\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u770b\u5169\u9ede\u9023\u7dda\u659c\u7387\u5927\u65bc\u96f6\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8f03\u9ad8\u8005\u662f\u6c27\u5316\u5291\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u659c\u7387\u5c0f\u65bc\u96f6\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8f03\u9ad8\u8005\u662f\u9084\u539f\u5291\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u659c\u7387\u8d8a\u9661\u7684\u662f\u8d8a\u5f37\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u5291\u6216\u9084\u539f\u5291\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c0d\u9333\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u9178\u6027\u6216\u9e7c\u6027\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7e31\u8ef8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6700\u9ad8\u7684 \\(\\mathrm{MnO_4^-}\\)\uff0c\u6a19\u6e96\u9084\u539f\u96fb\u4f4d\u503c\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u5728\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\u5bb9\u6613\u7372\u5f97\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u9084\u539f\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6c27\u5316\u6578\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u5f37\u6c27\u5316\u5291\u3002\u800c\u9333\u91d1\u5c6c\u8207\u6c27\u5316\u65782\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u9593\u9023\u7dda\u659c\u7387\u5c0f\u65bc\u96f6\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u53bb\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u9084\u539f\u5291\uff0c\u5728\u9178\u4e2d\u6c27\u5316\u6210\u9333\u4e8c\u50f9\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u9e7c\u4e2d\u5247\u4ee5\u6c2b\u6c27\u5316\u9333\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>\u6b67\u5316\u53cd\u61c9 (disproportionation)\u3001\u6b78\u4e2d\u53cd\u61c9 (comproportionation)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u5f17\u6d1b\u65af\u7279\u5716\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u9ede\u9ad8\u65bc\u5176\u5de6\u53f3\u5169\u5074\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u5247\u8655\u65bc\u9ad8\u9ede\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u6703\u6b67\u5316\uff08disproportionate\uff09\u6210\u5169\u5074\u7269\u7a2e\uff1b\u82e5\u4f4e\u65bc\u5169\u5074\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u5247\u9019\u5169\u500b\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u6703\u6b78\u4e2d\uff08comproportionate\uff09\u6210\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u55ae\u4e00\u7522\u7269<sup>2<\/sup>\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u9178\u4e2d\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\u9333\u96f6\u50f9\u548c\u9333\u4e09\u50f9\u96e2\u5b50\u6642\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6c27\u5316\u9084\u539f\u6210\u9333\u4e8c\u50f9\u96e2\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><b>\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Chemistry 2810. Introduction to the Chemistry of the Elements \u2013 http:\/\/classes.uleth.ca\/200501\/chem2810a\/lecture_20.pdf<\/li>\n<li>Atkins, P. W. Overton, T., Rourke, Jonathan P., Weller, M. and Armstrong, F. A. (2010) Shriver &amp; Atkins&#8217; inorganic chemistry. Oxford : Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199236176P.164-168<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5f17\u6d1b\u65af\u7279\u5716 (Frost diagram) \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u4e09\u5e74\u7d1a \u4fde\u59ff\u5b87 \u7c21\u4ecb \u5f17\u6d1b\u65af\u7279\u5716 (Fros&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,63,8671],"tags":[8814,8812,4457,8811,7112,8813,8810,4456],"class_list":["post-63699","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry04-01","category-8671","tag-comproportionation","tag-disproportionation","tag-nernst-equation","tag-redox-couple","tag-7112","tag-8813","tag-8810","tag-4456","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-63","cat-8671","no-thumbnail"],"views":5826,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63699","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63699"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63699\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86498,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63699\/revisions\/86498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63699"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}