{"id":63470,"date":"2015-05-25T10:37:52","date_gmt":"2015-05-25T02:37:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=63470"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:11:05","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:11:05","slug":"%e7%89%a9%e7%a8%ae%e5%a4%9a%e6%a8%a3%e6%80%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e7%89%a9%e7%a8%ae%e5%a4%9a%e6%a8%a3%e6%80%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027 (Species Diversity)<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u570b\u7acb\u6210\u529f\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u6240\u78a9\u58eb\u751f\u6797\u5f65\u747e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u53ef\u5f9e\u8a31\u591a\u751f\u7269\u968e\u5c64\u4f86\u63a2\u8a0e\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u662f\u5f9e\u907a\u50b3\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u3001\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u53ca\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u4e09\u500b\u9762\u5411\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027 \uff08species diversity\uff0c\u6216\u7a31\u7269\u7a2e\u6b67\u7570\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u4e00\u7fa4\u96c6\uff08community\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7a7a\u9593\u5167\u7684\u5404\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u6578\u91cf\u53ca\u76f8\u5c0d\u500b\u9ad4\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u662f\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u300c\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u300d\u9019\u500b\u8fad\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7269\u7a2e\u8c50\u5bcc\u5ea6 (species abundance \/ species richness<\/a>) \u53ca\u7269\u7a2e\u5747\u52fb\u5ea6 (species evenness) \u5169\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u524d\u8005\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5730\u5340\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7a2e\u7e3d\u6578\uff0c\u7269\u7a2e\u6578\u76ee\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3001\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u5c31\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff1b\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u5730\u5340\u5167\u5404\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u6578\u91cf\u76f8\u5c0d\u91cf\uff0c\u82e5\u7269\u7a2e\u9593\u500b\u9ad4\u6578\u76ee\u8d8a\u76f8\u8fd1\uff08\u5747\u52fb\uff09\uff0c\u5247\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff08\u5716\u4e00\uff09\u7269\u7a2e\u9593\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u7fa4\u96c6\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\uff08\u6307\u7269\u7a2e\u6578\u91cf\u53ca\u76f8\u5c0d\u500b\u9ad4\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u6ce2\u52d5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u6062\u5fa9\u529b\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u975e\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n

\"f1\"<\/a>

\u5716\u4e00 \u9ad8\u96c4\u8304\u8423\u6fd5\u5730\u5177\u6709\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u3002\uff08\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6797\u5f65\u747e\u651d\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n

\u5f71\u97ff\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u3002\u5f9e\u6642\u9593\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8d8a\u9577\uff0c\u4e00\u5730\u5340\u7d2f\u7a4d\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u96a8\u8457\u7a2e\u5316 (speciation) \u548c\u79fb\u5165 (immigration) \u800c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u7269\u7a2e\u6ec5\u7d55 (extinction) \u6216\u79fb\u51fa (emigration) \u800c\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u7fa4\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u751f\u7269\u56e0\u5b50\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6c23\u6eab\u3001\u6fd5\u5ea6\uff09\u8207\u751f\u7269\u56e0\u5b50\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7af6\u722d\u3001\u6355\u98df\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u500b\u9ad4\u6578\u91cf\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8b8a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u7fa4\u96c6\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u8b8a\u9077\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7fa4\u96c6\u7684\u6d88\u9577 (succession)\u3002\u9020\u6210\u7fa4\u96c6\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u8b8a\u52d5\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u64fe\u52d5 (disturbance)\u3002\u64fe\u52d5\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u7136\u707d\u5bb3\uff08\u5982\u68ee\u6797\u5927\u706b\uff09\u6216\u662f\u4eba\u70ba\u6d3b\u52d5\uff08\u5982\u653e\u7267\uff09\u9020\u6210\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u975e\u751f\u7269\u56e0\u5b50\u8207\u751f\u7269\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9020\u6210\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u82e5\u4e00\u7fa4\u96c6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6574\u7247\u68f2\u5730\u906d\u53d7\u64fe\u52d5\u7684\u983b\u5ea6\u504f\u9ad8\uff0c\u7269\u7a2e\u6c92\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5728\u8a72\u5730\u9ede\u7d2f\u7a4d\uff0c\u5247\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u8f03\u4f4e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u64fe\u52d5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u7a7a\u9593\u7570\u8cea\u6027 (special heterogeneity)\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u6d88\u9577\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u68f2\u606f\u5730\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7570\u8cea\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u5927\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u64fe\u52d5\u800c\u5347\u9ad8\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u7def\u5ea6\u3001\u6d77\u62d4\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u6c34\u9ad4\u6df1\u5ea6\u6539\u8b8a\u800c\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u71b1\u5e36\uff08\u4f4e\u7def\u5ea6\uff09\u5f80\u5bd2\u5e36\uff08\u9ad8\u7def\u5ea6\uff09\u5730\u5340\u905e\u6e1b\uff0c\u800c\u96a8\u8457\u6d77\u62d4\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u6c34\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u5247\u7d93\u5e38\u8207\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8da8\u52e2\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u4e00\u5730\u5340\u7684\u9762\u7a4d\u3001\u68f2\u5730\u7684\u7570\u8cea\u6027\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u751f\u7269\u91cf\u3001\u751f\u7269\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u5f37\u5ea6\u7b49\u751f\u614b\u56e0\u5b50\u6709\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n

\"f2\"<\/a>

\u5716\u4e8c \u03b1 diversity\u3001\u03b2 diversity\u3001\u03b3 diversity \u65bc\u56db\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u9ede\uff08\u5305\u542b\u65bc\u4e8c\u5730\u5340\u5167\uff09\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u793a\u610f\u5716\u3002\uff08\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6797\u5f65\u747e\u7e6a\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n

\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u7a7a\u9593\u5c3a\u5ea6\u800c\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 Whittaker (1960, 1972) \u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684 \u03b1 \u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff08\u03b1 diversity\uff0c\u6307\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u9ede\u5167\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff09\u3001\u03b2 \u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff08\u03b2 diversity\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u5169\u500b\u6216\u5169\u500b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u9ede\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u7d44\u6210\uff09\u548c \u03b3 \u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff08\u03b3 diversity\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5730\u9ede\u7e3d\u5408\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u5716\u4e8c\uff09\uff0c\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u540c\u7a7a\u9593\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u03b2 \u591a\u6a23\u6027\u82e5\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u5169\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u85c9\u6b64\u770b\u51fa\u751f\u7269\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u5047\u8a2d\u5169\u500b\u7a7a\u9593\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff1a\u5730\u9ede (site) \u548c\u5730\u5340 (region)\uff0c\u5f9e\u5716\u4e8c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u5730\u5340 1 \u7684Site A \u548c B \u5169\u500b\u5730\u9ede\u7684 \u03b1 \u591a\u6a23\u6027\u9ad8\uff08\u5404\u6709\u4e94\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u7a2e\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5730\u5340 2 \u7684 Site C \u8207 D \u8f03\u4f4e\uff08\u5404\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u7a2e\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u5f9e \u03b2 \u591a\u6a23\u6027\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5730\u5340 1 (Site A+B) \u6bd4\u5730\u5340 2 (Site C+D) \u4f86\u5f97\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba Site A\u3001B\u5169\u5730\u7684\u4e94\u7a2e\u7269\u7a2e\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u800c Site C\u3001D \u5169\u5730\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u5247\u7121\u91cd\u758a\uff1b\u6bd4\u8f03\u5169\u5730\u5340\u7684 \u03b3 \u591a\u6a23\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u64c1\u6709\u516d\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u5730\u5340 2\uff0c\u5176 \u03b3 \u591a\u6a23\u6027\u9ad8\u65bc\u50c5\u6709\u4e94\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u5730\u5340 1\u3002\u7531\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u547c\u61c9\u5230 Whittaker \u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u5340\u7684 \u03b3 \u591a\u6a23\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u5169\u500b\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u5373\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u9ede\uff08\u68f2\u5730\uff09\u5167\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u3001\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u9ede\uff08\u68f2\u5730\uff09\u9593\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u03b1\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u8207\u03b2\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u4e09\u500b\u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u6b64\u516c\u5f0f\u4f86\u8868\u9054\uff1a\u03b3=\u03b1\u00d7\u03b2\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Hamilton, A. J. (2005). Species diversity or biodiversity? Journal of Environmental Management<\/i>, 75, 89-92.<\/li>\n
  2. Perlman, D. L. and G. Adelson. (1997). Biodiversity: Exploring Values and Priorities in Conservation<\/i>. Blackwell Scientific, Cambridge, MA.<\/li>\n
  3. Species diversity — Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Species_diversity<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Whittaker, R. H. (1960). Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California. Ecological Monographs<\/i>, 30, 279-338.<\/li>\n
  5. Whittaker, R. H. (1972). Evolution and Measurement of Species Diversity. Taxon<\/i>, 21, 213-251.<\/li>\n
  6. \u591a\u6a23\u6027\u6307\u6a19\uff08Diversity Index\uff09 | \u79d1\u5b78Online \u2013 \u79d1\u6280\u90e8\u9ad8\u77bb\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u6559\u5b78\u8cc7\u6e90\u5e73\u53f0\u3002http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=590<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u7269\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027 (Species Diversity) \u570b\u7acb\u6210\u529f\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u6240\u78a9\u58eb\u751f\u6797\u5f65\u747e \u751f\u7269\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u53ef\u5f9e\u8a31\u591a\u751f\u7269…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[110,4827,4812,4829],"tags":[8667,3163,8665,8668,3424,1944,1656,3152,8666,8664],"class_list":["post-63470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lifesciecne00","category-lifesciecne003-02","category-lifesciecne003","category-lifesciecne003-04","tag-animal","tag-biodiversity","tag-community","tag-plant","tag-species","tag-1944","tag-1656","tag-3152","tag-8666","tag-8664","loop-entry","cat-110","cat-4827","cat-4812","cat-4829","no-thumbnail"],"views":24218,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63470"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63470\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86529,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63470\/revisions\/86529"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}