{"id":62658,"date":"2015-04-14T17:54:59","date_gmt":"2015-04-14T09:54:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=62658"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:11:41","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:11:41","slug":"%e6%8b%93%e8%8d%92%e8%80%85%e6%95%88%e6%87%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e6%8b%93%e8%8d%92%e8%80%85%e6%95%88%e6%87%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u62d3\u8352\u8005\u6548\u61c9"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u62d3\u8352\u8005\u6548\u61c9 (Founder effect)<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u614b\u5b78\u8207\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8a31\u7fe0\u5ead<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u62d3\u8352\u8005\u6548\u61c9\uff08founder effect\uff0c\u53c8\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u5960\u57fa\u8005\u6548\u61c9\u300d\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u9020\u6210\u65cf\u7fa4\u907a\u50b3\u7d50\u69cb\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff1a\u7576\u4e00\u5c0f\u7fa4\u500b\u9ad4\u812b\u96e2\u6bcd\u65cf\u7fa4\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u65cf\u7fa4\u6642\uff0c\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u9060\u4f4e\u65bc\u6bcd\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u62d3\u8352\u8005\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u5c0f\u7fa4\u500b\u9ad4\u96e2\u958b\u6bcd\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u6709\u6642\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u6a23\uff0c\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u500b\u9ad4\u6703\u96e2\u958b\u6bcd\u65cf\u7fa4\u8207\u9019\u4e9b\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7d44\u6210\u7121\u95dc\u3002\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u7d71\u8a08\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u6a23\u7684\u6a23\u672c\u6578\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u8d8a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u7576\u96e2\u958b\u6bcd\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u5c0f\u65cf\u7fa4\uff0c\u500b\u9ad4\u6578\u91cf\u5f88\u5c11\u6642\uff0c\u6975\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u907a\u50b3\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u53d6\u6a23\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u6aa2\u8996\u9019\u500b\u5c0f\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5c07\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u6703\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5c0f\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7d44\u6210\u7121\u6cd5\u53cd\u6620\u6bcd\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u9019\u500b\u5c0f\u65cf\u7fa4\u7e41\u884d\u6210\u548c\u6bcd\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e00\u6a23\u5927\u7684\u65b0\u65cf\u7fa4\u6642\uff0c\u65b0\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u64c1\u6709\u50cf\u6bcd\u65cf\u7fa4\u90a3\u9ebc\u9ad8\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff08\u5716\u4e00\uff09\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u65b0\u65cf\u7fa4\u55aa\u5931\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u907a\u50b3\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u907a\u50b3\u6f02\u8b8a (genetic drift)\u3002<\/p>\n

\"e1\"<\/a>

\u5716\u4e00 \u5f9e\u6bcd\u65cf\u7fa4\u96a8\u6a5f\u53d6\u6a23\u7684\u5c0f\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u6703\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5f8c\u4f86\u7e41\u884d\u51fa\u7684\u65b0\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u4e09\u500b\u65b0\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7d44\u6210\u5747\u8207\u6bcd\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5de6\u65b9\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u65b0\u65cf\u7fa4\uff0c\u5404\u7531\u7d14\u767d\u8207\u7d14\u9ed1\u500b\u9ad4\u6240\u5960\u7acb\uff0c\u672c\u61c9\u5404\u662f\u7d14\u767d\u8207\u7d14\u9ed1\u65cf\u7fa4\u3002\u4f46\u6642\u9593\u9577\u4e45\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u5404\u6709\u9ed1\u8272\u8207\u767d\u8272\u500b\u9ad4\u7d93\u7a81\u8b8a\u7522\u751f\u3002\uff08\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u8a31\u7fe0\u5ead\u7e6a\u88fd\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n

\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u6709\u4e00\u500b100\u96bb\u8001\u9f20\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b50\u96bb\u9ed1\u8272\u7684\uff0c50\u96bb\u767d\u8272\u7684\uff0c\u5169\u7a2e\u984f\u8272\u7684\u8001\u9f20\u516c\u6bcd\u90fd\u5404\u5360\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8981\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u51fa\u4e00\u516c\u4e00\u6bcd\uff0c\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u8001\u9f20\u7684\u8352\u5cf6\u4e0a\u8b93\u7260\u5011\u7e41\u884d\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5169\u7a2e\u984f\u8272\u90fd\u6709\u5305\u542b\u5230\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7a2e\u984f\u8272\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u53c8\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u5462\uff1f\u5169\u7a2e\u984f\u8272\u90fd\u6709\u5305\u542b\u5230\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u662f50%\uff0c\u300c\u9ed1\u8272\u516c\u9f20\/\u767d\u8272\u6bcd\u9f20\u300d\u548c\u300c\u767d\u8272\u516c\u9f20\/\u9ed1\u8272\u6bcd\u9f20\u300d\u5404\u4f5425%\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u96bb\u8001\u9f20\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7a2e\u984f\u8272\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u4e5f\u662f50%\uff0c\u300c\u5169\u96bb\u90fd\u662f\u9ed1\u8272\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5169\u96bb\u90fd\u662f\u767d\u8272\u300d\u5404\u4f5425%\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5169\u96bb\u8001\u9f20\u90fd\u662f\u9ed1\u8272\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u767d\u8272\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u5011\u7e41\u884d\u6210100\u96bb\u7684\u5927\u65cf\u7fa4\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u898b\u9019\u5c07\u6703\u662f\u500b\u4ee5\u55ae\u4e00\u984f\u8272\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\uff0c\u6bdb\u8272\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u5927\u4e0d\u5982\u6bcd\u65cf\u7fa4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u62d3\u8352\u8005\u6548\u61c9\u548c\u74f6\u9838\u6548\u61c9 (bottleneck effect) \u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90fd\u9020\u6210\u907a\u50b3\u6f02\u8b8a (genetic drift)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u7269\u7a2e\u6f14\u5316\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u7a2e\u5316 (speciation) \u7522\u751f\u65b0\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u62d3\u8352\u8005\u6548\u61c9\u4f7f\u65b0\u65cf\u7fa4\u548c\u6bcd\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7d44\u6210\u5dee\u7570\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u9577\u6642\u9593\u5730\u7406\u9694\u96e2\uff0c\u5929\u64c7 (natural selection)\u3001\u6027\u64c7 (sexual selection)\u3001\u8fd1\u89aa\u7e41\u6b96 (inbreeding) \u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u4f7f\u96d9\u65b9\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7d44\u6210\u5dee\u8ddd\u6301\u7e8c\u64f4\u5927\uff0c\u65b0\u65cf\u7fa4\u548c\u6bcd\u65cf\u7fa4\u6700\u7d42\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u751f\u6b96\u9694\u96e2\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7269\u7a2e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u62d3\u8352\u8005\u6548\u61c9\u5728\u7269\u7a2e\u6f14\u5316\u4e0a\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u518d\u88ab\u63a2\u8a0e\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u62d3\u8352\u8005\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u91ab\u5b78\u4e0a\uff0c\u62d3\u8352\u8005\u6548\u61c9\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4f55\u907a\u50b3\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u7fa4\u7279\u5225\u666e\u53ca\uff1b\u53c8\u5982\u5728\u4fdd\u80b2\u4e0a\uff0c\u62d3\u8352\u8005\u6548\u61c9\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4f55\u4ee5\u5708\u990a\u7e41\u6b96 (captive breeding) \u5fa9\u80b2\u7015\u5371\u7269\u7a2e\u6642\uff0c\u907a\u50b3\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u4e0b\u964d\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u78b0\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Caribbean lizards settle ‘founder effect’ controversy – UC Davis News & Information. http:\/\/news.ucdavis.edu\/search\/news_detail.lasso?id=10113<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Founder effect – Blackwell Publishing http:\/\/www.blackwellpublishing.com\/ridley\/a-z\/founder_effect.asp<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Evolution: Library: Genetic Drift and the Founder Effect – PBS. http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/evolution\/library\/06\/3\/l_063_03.html<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Founder Effect: Example, Definition & Quiz – Study.com. http:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/founder-effect-example-definition-quiz.html<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. Futuyma, D. (2009). Evolution<\/i>, 2nd Edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc.<\/li>\n
  6. Pierce, B. A. (2008). Genetics – A Conceptual Approach<\/i>, 3rd Edition. W. H. Freeman.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u62d3\u8352\u8005\u6548\u61c9 (Founder effect) \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u614b\u5b78\u8207\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8a31\u7fe0\u5ead \u62d3\u8352\u8005\u6548\u61c9\uff08foun…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4833,110,122],"tags":[6373,8385,6355,6415,6372,3853],"class_list":["post-62658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lifesciecne004-02","category-lifesciecne00","category-lifescience004","tag-bottleneck-effect","tag-founder-effect","tag-genetic-drift","tag-6415","tag-6372","tag-3853","loop-entry","cat-4833","cat-110","cat-122","no-thumbnail"],"views":11532,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62658","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62658"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62658\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86576,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62658\/revisions\/86576"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}