{"id":59564,"date":"2014-12-26T10:52:46","date_gmt":"2014-12-26T02:52:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=59564"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:12:42","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:12:42","slug":"%e6%94%be%e5%b0%84%e6%80%a7-%ef%bc%88radioactivity%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e6%94%be%e5%b0%84%e6%80%a7-%ef%bc%88radioactivity%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u653e\u5c04\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u653e\u5c04\u6027 (Radioactivity)<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb101\u7d1a \u937e\u8c6a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"2\"<\/a>

\u5716\u4e00
\u5716\u7247\u51fa\u8655\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n

\u4f55\u8b02\u653e\u5c04\u6027<\/b><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5f9e\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u81ea\u767c\u6027\u5730\u5411\u5916\u5674\u767c\u51fa\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\uff0c\u8870\u8b8a\u70ba\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u800c\u505c\u6b62\u653e\u5c04\uff0c\u8a72\u73fe\u8c61\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u300d\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8870\u8b8a\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u5716\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u984f\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8870\u8b8a\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u9ed1\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ea6\u70ba\u8870\u8b8a\u6700\u7d42\u7522\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5f37\u5ea6\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u662f\u300c\u8c9d\u514b \\((\\mathrm{Bq})\\)\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b21\u70ba \\(s^{-1}\\)\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6bcf\u79d2\u4e2d\u539f\u5b50\u8870\u8b8a\u7684\u6b21\u6578\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u514b\u7684\u9433\uff08Ra\uff09\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5927\u5c0f\u6709 \\(3.7\\times 10^{10}~\\mathrm{Bq}\\)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bb9\u6613\u8207\u8c9d\u514b\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u662f\u300c\u897f\u5f17 \\((\\mathrm{Sv})\\)\u300d\uff0c\u897f\u5f17\u7684\u56e0\u6b21\u70ba \\(m^2s^{-2}\\)\u00a0\u6216 \\(J\/kg\\)\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6bcf\u516c\u65a4\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u8f3b\u5c04\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u8c9d\u514b\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u548c\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u897f\u5f17\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u9ad4\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8c9d\u514b\u50c5\u53d7\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u800c\u897f\u5f17\u5247\u53d7\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u3001\u8207\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u3001\u6709\u7121\u5c4f\u853d\u3001\u98a8\u5411\u7b49\u74b0\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u7dda<\/b><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u81ea\u7136\u8207\u4eba\u5de5\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\u4f86\u81ea\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u8870\u8b8a\u6216\u592a\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7dda\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eba\u5de5\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5c07\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u5c04\u7dda\u6216\u7c92\u5b50\u53bb\u649e\u64ca\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u8b8a\u6210\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u800c\u767c\u51fa\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\u53ef\u4f9d\u9700\u6c42\u88fd\u9020\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c04\u7dda\uff0c\u4e14\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u5f37\u5ea6\u8207\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6642\u4e5f\u80fd\u96a8\u6642\u505c\u6a5f\u3002\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\u4f86\u6e90\u662f\u7c92\u5b50\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u548c\u6838\u5b50\u53cd\u61c9\u7210\u3002\u6838\u5b50\u53cd\u61c9\u7210\u5728\u9032\u884c\u6838\u53cd\u61c9\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u7522\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u5c04\u7dda\uff0c\u6545\u5728\u53cd\u61c9\u7210\u4e0a\u958b\u8a2d\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5b54\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u675f\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\uff0c\u7f3a\u9ede\u662f\u5c04\u7dda\u7a2e\u985e\u8907\u96dc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5929\u7136\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\u6709 \\(\\alpha\\) \u5c04\u7dda\u3001\\(\\beta\\) \u5c04\u7dda\u3001\\(\\gamma\\) \u5c04\u7dda\u3002\\(\\alpha\\) \u5c04\u7dda\u662f\u6c26\u539f\u5b50\u6838 \\((^2_4\\mathrm{He})\\)\uff0c\u7a7f\u900f\u80fd\u529b\u5dee\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u4e00\u5f35\u7d19\u5373\u53ef\u5c07\u5176\u9694\u7d55\u3002\\(\\beta\\) \u5c04\u7dda\u662f\u9ad8\u901f\u96fb\u5b50\u675f\u00a0\\((e^{-})\\)\uff0c\u7a7f\u900f\u80fd\u529b\u8f03 \\(\\alpha\\) \u5c04\u7dda\u5f37\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u4e00\u516c\u5206\u7684\u92c1\u677f\u53ef\u5c07\u5176\u9694\u7d55\u3002\\(\\gamma\\) \u5c04\u7dda\u662f\u9ad8\u80fd\u5149\u5b50\u675f\uff0c\u7a7f\u900f\u80fd\u529b\u6700\u5f37\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u9ad8\u548c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u9ad8\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5982\u9285\u3001\u925b\u7b49\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5c07\u5176\u9694\u7d55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7684\u61c9\u7528<\/b><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u8870\u8b8a\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u534a\u8870\u671f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u800c\u751f\u7269\u6b7b\u5f8c\u4fbf\u505c\u6b62\u8207\u5916\u754c\u4ea4\u63db\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5269\u9918\u91cf\u548c\u534a\u8870\u671f\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4f30\u7b97\u51fa\u751f\u7269\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u61c9\u7528\u4e0a\uff0c\\(^{14}_{~~6}\\mathrm{C}\\) \u7684\u534a\u8870\u671f\u70ba \\(5730\\) \u5e74\uff0c\u9577\u5ea6\u9069\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u7528\u4f86\u4f30\u7b97\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u300c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u78b3\u5b9a\u5e74\u6cd5\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u4e5f\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u91ab\u7642\u9818\u57df\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5229\u7528 \\(\\beta^{+}\\)\u00a0\u8870\u8b8a\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6b63\u96fb\u5b50\u5c04\u7dda\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u6b63\u96fb\u5b50\u767c\u5c04\u65b7\u5c64\u6383\u63cf\uff08PET\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u4fb5\u5165\u5f0f\u63a2\u6e2c\u816b\u7624\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53c8\u4f8b\u5982\u5229\u7528\u9237-60<\/strong>\u505a\u70ba\u653e\u5c04\u6e90\uff0c\u7167\u5c04\u764c\u5316\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u7834\u58de\u764c\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u7684\u5371\u5bb3<\/b><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u6162\u6027\u548c\u6025\u6027\u3002\u82e5\u9577\u671f\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u6703\u50b7\u5bb3\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u7570\u5e38\u3001\u7121\u6cd5\u518d\u751f\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u767d\u5167\u969c\u3001\u8ca7\u8840\u3001\u4e0d\u5b55\u3001\u764c\u75c7\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u6162\u6027\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u82e5\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u5927\u91cf\u63a5\u53d7\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\uff0c\u5c07\u7acb\u5373\u7522\u751f\u6f70\u760d\u3001\u6c34\u6ce1\u3001\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u5931\u80fd\u3001\u9020\u8840\u6a5f\u5236\u505c\u6b62\u7b49\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u82e5\u7121\u9069\u7576\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u6578\u65e5\u5167\u53ef\u80fd\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf<\/b><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u5e73\u6642\u5728\u96fb\u5f71\u6216\u96fb\u8996\u5f71\u96c6\u7d93\u5e38\u53ef\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u62ff\u8457\u4e00\u53f0\u767c\u51fa\u300c\u7b54\u3001\u7b54\u3001\u7b54\u300d\u7684\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u627e\u5c0b\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u300c\u84cb\u683c\u8a08\u6578\u5668\uff08Geiger counter\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u56e0\u70ba\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\u3001\u50f9\u683c\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u6545\u5ee3\u6cdb\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u91ab\u5b78\u3001\u5de5\u696d\u9818\u57df\u3002\u4f46\u84cb\u683c\u8a08\u6578\u5668\u50c5\u80fd\u8a08\u7b97\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\u7684\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u6e2c\u91cf\u7a2e\u985e\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u9846\u4f4e\u80fd\u7684\u6c26\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u8207\u4e00\u9846\u9ad8\u80fd\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u84cb\u683c\u8a08\u6578\u5668\u540c\u6a23\u8a08\u6578\u4e00\u6b21\u6216\u767c\u51fa\u300c\u7b54\u300d\u4e00\u8072\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u5340\u5206\u4e8c\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u985e\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\uff0c\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4e2d\u5b50\u6975\u6613\u8207\u6c34\u767c\u751f\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u9ad4\u542b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2d\u5b50\u5c04\u7dda\u8f03\u5176\u5b83\u5c04\u7dda\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u4eba\u9ad4\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u5371\u96aa\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u6e2c\u91cf\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u77fd\uff08Si\uff09\u3001\u937a\uff08Ge\uff09\u6216\u9583\u720d\u9ad4\uff08Scintillation\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u642d\u914d\u5149\u96fb\u500d\u589e\u7ba1\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574\u5f97\u77e5\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\u8207\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. A+\u91ab\u5b78\u767e\u79d1\u3002http:\/\/cht.a-hospital.com\/w\/%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u3002\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u00a0http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u3002\u8c9d\u514b\u52d2\u00a0http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%B4%9D%E5%8F%AF%E5%8B%92%E5%B0%94<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u653e\u5c04\u6027 (Radioactivity) \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb101\u7d1a \u937e\u8c6a \u4f55\u8b02\u653e\u5c04\u6027 \u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5f9e\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u81ea…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,107,32],"tags":[7577,7573,7574,7575,865,7576,4278,4275],"class_list":["post-59564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-physics07-02","category-physics00","category-physics07","tag-radioactivity","tag-7573","tag-7574","tag-7575","tag-865","tag-7576","tag-4278","tag-4275","loop-entry","cat-34","cat-107","cat-32","no-thumbnail"],"views":9216,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59564"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":86694,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59564\/revisions\/86694"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59564"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}