{"id":51244,"date":"2014-01-17T20:18:28","date_gmt":"2014-01-17T12:18:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=51244"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:19:11","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:19:11","slug":"%e9%9b%a2%e5%ad%90%e6%b6%b2%e9%ab%94ionic-liquid%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e9%9b%a2%e5%ad%90%e6%b6%b2%e9%ab%94ionic-liquid%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4(ionic liquid)\uff08\u4e00\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4(ionic liquid)\uff08\u4e00\uff09<\/span>
\n\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u9644\u5c6c\u4e2d\u5b78\u4e8c\u5e74\u7d1a1306\u73ed\u8521\u5a01\u4efb\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u9644\u5c6c\u4e2d\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u79d1\u9673\u662d\u9326\u8001\u5e2b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4(IL)\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6db2\u614b\u7684\u9e7d\u985e\uff0c\u5728 1970 \u5e74\u4ee3\u96fb\u5316\u5b78\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u4e2d\u63a2\u8a0e\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4\uff0c\u5176\u7bc4\u570d\u5f9e\u9e7c\u91d1\u65cf\u7684\u77fd\u9178\u9e7d\u53ca\u9e75\u5316\u7269\u5230\u56db\u7d1a\u92a8\u9e7d\u90fd\u6709\uff0c\u73fe\u4eca\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u7194\u9ede\u4f4e\u65bc $$100^\\circ C$$ \u7684\u9e7d\u985e\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u6240\u7a31\u7684\u9ad8\u6eab\u7194\u878d\u614b\u96e2\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\u505a\u5340\u9694\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u6eab\u5e38\u58d3\u4e0b\u7684\u6db2\u614b\u7269\u8cea\u5982\u6c34\u6216\u6c7d\u6cb9\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4\u5247\u662f\u7531\u96e2\u5b50\u6216\u77ed\u66ab\u5b58\u5728(short-lived\uff09\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u5c0d\u6240\u69cb\u6210\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a31\u547c\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u6db2\u9ad4\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea(liquid electrolytes)\u3001\u96e2\u5b50\u6027\u7194\u878d\u7269(ionic melts)\u3001\u96e2\u5b50\u6027\u6d41\u9ad4(ionic fluids)\u3001\u878d\u5408\u9e7d(fused salts)\u3001\u6db2\u614b\u9e7d(liquid salts)\u6216\u96e2\u5b50\u73bb\u7483(ionic\u00a0glasses)\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u6709\u4e8c\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u4f4e\u84b8\u6c23\u58d3\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u6613\u63ee\u767c\u7684\u6709\u6a5f\u6eb6\u5291\uff0c\u5b83\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u4f4e\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u6bd4\u96fb\u5c0e\u7387(specific conductivity)\u4e2d\u7b49\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8207\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u614b\u7684\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u76f8\u8fd1\u3002\u9019\u985e\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u6709\u6a5f\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\u512a\u826f\u7684\u6eb6\u5291\u8207\u50ac\u5316\u5291\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u5982\u96fb\u5316\u5b78\u6c89\u7a4d(electrodeposition)\u7b49\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u61c9\u7528\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4\u5728\u5176\u6240\u8655\u74b0\u5883\u6210\u6db2\u614b\u53ca\u4f4e\u84b8\u6c23\u58d3\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u96fb\u6c60\u7684\u5bc6\u5c01\u5291\uff08sealants\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4efb\u4f55\u9e7d\u985e\u7194\u5316\u5f8c\u82e5\u672a\u5206\u89e3\u6216\u84b8\u767c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4\u3002\u4ee5\u6c2f\u5316\u9209\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u6eab\u5ea6\u5728 $$801^\\circ C$$ \u6642\u8b8a\u6210\u6db2\u614b\uff0c\u6b64\u72c0\u614b\u6642\u6db2\u9ad4\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u9209\u96e2\u5b50\u8207\u6c2f\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u7576\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4\u964d\u6eab\u5f8c\u5e38\u5f62\u6210\u7d50\u6676\u72c0\uff08crystalline\uff09\u6216\u73bb\u7483\u614b\uff08glassy\uff09\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u56fa\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96e2\u5b50\u9375\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u529b\u5927\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u9e7d\u985e\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u9ad8\u6eab\u6642\u624d\u5448\u73fe\u6db2\u9ad4\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5247\u662f\u5728\u5ba4\u6eab\u6216\u5ba4\u6eab\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5448\u6db2\u614b\uff0c\u5982\uff1a1-\u4e59\u57fa-3 -\u7532\u57fa-\u54aa\u5511\u6c30\u80fa\uff081-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide\uff09\uff0c$$\\bf{(C_2H_5)(CH_3)C_3H_3{N_2}^+\\cdot N(CN{)_2}^-}$$\u00a0\u7194\u9ede\u70ba $$-21^\\circ C$$\uff0c\u800c1-butyl-3,5-dimethylpyridinium bromide \u7194\u9ede\u70ba $$-24^\\circ C$$\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f4e\u6eab\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4\uff08low-temperature ionic liquids\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u96e2\u5b50\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\uff08ionic solutions\uff09\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u662f\u6db2\u9ad4\u4e2d\u540c\u6642\u542b\u6709\u96e2\u5b50\u8207\u4e2d\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4\u4e5f\u8207\u6240\u8b02\u6df1\u5171\u7194\u6eb6\u5291(deepeutectic solvent,DES) \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u662f\u96e2\u5b50\u6027\u8207\u975e\u96e2\u5b50\u6027\u56fa\u614b\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u7194\u9ede\u6bd4\u7d14\u7269\u8cea\u4f4e\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u785d\u9178\u9e7d\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u5176\u7194\u9ede\u53ef\u4f4e\u65bc $$100^\\circ C$$\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4 $$\\bf{[BMIM]PF_6}$$(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate )\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\u5982\u5716\u4e00\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n

\"p1\"<\/a>

\u5716\u4e00<\/p><\/div>\n

\u6b77\u53f2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1914 \u5e74 Paul Walden \u5c31\u5df2\u5408\u6210\u51fa\u5e38\u6eab\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4ethylammonium nitrate $$\\bf{(C_2H_5)N{H_3}^+\\cdot N{O_3}^-}$$\uff0c\u7194\u9ede\u70ba $$12^\\circ C$$\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5230\u4e86 1970 \u53ca 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u96fb\u6c60\u4e2d\u7684\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u958b\u59cb\u61c9\u7528\u7d50\u5408\u70f7\u57fa\u54aa\u5511(imidazolium)\u967d\u96e2\u5b50\u6216\u5421\u5576(pyridinium)\u967d\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9e75\u7d20\u96e2\u5b50\u6216\u56db\u9e75\u5316\u92c1\u9670\u96e2\u5b50\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4\u3002\u56db\u9e75\u5316\u92c1\u70f7\u57fa\u54aa\u5511\u9e7d\u985e\u4e4b\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u9ecf\u6eef\u6027\u3001\u7194\u9ede\u53ca\u9178\u6027(acidity)\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u7531\u6539\u8b8a\u70f7\u57fa\u3001\u54aa\u5511\/\u5421\u5576\u8207\u9e75\u7d20\u96e2\u5b50\/\u56db\u9e75\u5316\u92c1\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4f86\u8abf\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5230\u4e86 1992 \u5e74\uff0cWikes \u8207 Zawarotko \u88fd\u5f97\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u5f31\u914d\u4f4d\u5171\u50f9\u9670\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 $$\\bf{P{F_6}^-}$$\u00a0\u4ee5\u53ca $$\\bf{B{F_4}^-}$$\uff0c\u5e36\u4f86\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u4f86\u5247\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5728\u7a7a\u6c23\u53ca\u6fd5\u6c23\u4e2d\u5b89\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u4e2d\u6027\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4\u3002\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5247\u5f9e\u516d\u6c1f\u5316\u78f7\u9e7d\u985e\u53ca\u56db\u6c1f\u5316\u787c\u9e7d\u985e\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u6bd2\u6027\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u7269\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1abistriflimide $$\\bf{[(CF_3SO_2)_2N]^-}$$\u3002\u5c0b\u627e\u8f03\u4f4e\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u967d\u96e2\u5b50\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65b7\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u92a8\u9e7d\u985e\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u53ef\u7576\u4f5c\u9df9\u67b6(scaffold)\uff0c\u5176\u5f48\u6027\u8207\u54aa\u5511\u76f8\u7576\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9023\u7d50\uff1a\u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4(ionic liquid)\uff08\u4e8c\uff09<\/a><\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/b>:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ionic liquid\u3002\u6aa2\u7d22\u65e5\u671f <\/b>2013\/04\/02\uff0c<\/b>http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ionic_liquid<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Keith E.Johnson (2007). What\u2019s an ionic liquid ? The Electrochemical Society\u00a0Interface, Spring, 38-40\u3002<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u96e2\u5b50\u6db2\u9ad4(ionic liquid)\uff08\u4e00\uff09 \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u9644\u5c6c\u4e2d\u5b78\u4e8c\u5e74\u7d1a1306\u73ed\u8521\u5a01\u4efb\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u9644…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,50,48],"tags":[2545,2573,1562],"class_list":["post-51244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry01-02","category-chemistry01","tag-2545","tag-2573","tag-1562","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-50","cat-48","no-thumbnail"],"views":13906,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51244","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51244"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51244\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":87197,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51244\/revisions\/87197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51244"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51244"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51244"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}