{"id":48283,"date":"2013-10-23T22:55:12","date_gmt":"2013-10-23T14:55:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=48283"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:19:46","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:19:46","slug":"%e6%88%aa%e6%ad%a2%e9%9b%bb%e5%a3%93cut-off-voltage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e6%88%aa%e6%ad%a2%e9%9b%bb%e5%a3%93cut-off-voltage\/","title":{"rendered":"\u622a\u6b62\u96fb\u58d3"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u622a\u6b62\u96fb\u58d3 (Cut-off Voltage)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong> \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u9ec3\u742e\u6690<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u622a\u6b62\u96fb\u58d3\u662f\u6307\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5728\u505a\u5149\u96fb\u6548\u61c9\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u8b93\u5149\u96fb\u6d41\u505c\u6b62\u6240\u9808\u5916\u52a0\u7684\u96fb\u58d3\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u99ac\u514b\u65af\u5a01\u723e (James Clerk Maxwell 1831~1879)\u6210\u529f\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7576\u6642\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u70ba\u96fb\u78c1\u5b78\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u975e\u5e38\u78ba\u4fe1\u5149\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5149\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6ce2\u52d5\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u96e3\u60f3\u50cf\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5149\u7dda\u6253\u5230\u91d1\u5c6c\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u80fd\u91cf\u4f86\u4f7f\u96fb\u5b50\u812b\u96e2\u91d1\u5c6c\u8868\u9762\u3002\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8abf\u63a7\u5149\u7dda\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u96fb\u5b50\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u812b\u96e2\u91d1\u5c6c\uff09\u3002\u800c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5c31\u7a31\u70ba\u5149\u96fb\u6548\u61c9\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u88dd\u7f6e\u7684\u793a\u610f\u5716\u5982\u5716\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_48284\" style=\"width: 674px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/10.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48284\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48284\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/10.jpg\" alt=\"\u5716\u4e00 (\u9673\u7fa9\u88d5\u7e6a) \u5165\u5c04\u5149\u6253\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u7a7a\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u91d1\u5c6c\u677f\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u96fb\u5b50\u88ab\u6253\u51fa\u9020\u6210\u5b89\u57f9\u8a08\u8b80\u6578\u4e0d\u70ba\u96f6\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u7684\u96fb\u6d41\u7a31\u70ba\u5149\u96fb\u6d41\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u53cd\u5411\u7684\u5916\u52a0\u96fb\u58d3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b89\u57f9\u8a08\u8b80\u6578\u70ba\u96f6\uff0c\u800c\u8abf\u5230\u7684\u96fb\u58d3\u5c31\u7a31\u70ba\u622a\u6b62\u96fb\u58d3\u3002\u800c\u5be6\u9a57\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8abf\u63a7\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u7684\u983b\u7387\u3001\u5f37\u5ea6\uff0c\u53bb\u9a57\u8b49\u88ab\u6253\u51fa\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u6240\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8207\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u7684\u983b\u7387\u6210\u7dda\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\" width=\"664\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/10.jpg 664w, http:\/\/localhost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/10-300x171.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 664px) 100vw, 664px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-48284\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e00 \uff08\u9673\u7fa9\u88d5\u7e6a\uff09 \u5165\u5c04\u5149\u6253\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u7a7a\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u91d1\u5c6c\u677f\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u96fb\u5b50\u88ab\u6253\u51fa\u9020\u6210\u5b89\u57f9\u8a08\u8b80\u6578\u4e0d\u70ba\u96f6\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u7684\u96fb\u6d41\u7a31\u70ba\u5149\u96fb\u6d41\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u53cd\u5411\u7684\u5916\u52a0\u96fb\u58d3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b89\u57f9\u8a08\u8b80\u6578\u70ba\u96f6\uff0c\u800c\u8abf\u5230\u7684\u96fb\u58d3\u5c31\u7a31\u70ba\u622a\u6b62\u96fb\u58d3\u3002\u800c\u5be6\u9a57\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8abf\u63a7\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u7684\u983b\u7387\u3001\u5f37\u5ea6\uff0c\u53bb\u9a57\u8b49\u88ab\u6253\u51fa\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u6240\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8207\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u7684\u983b\u7387\u6210\u7dda\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!--more-->\u7136\u800c\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u51fa\u4e4e\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u9810\u6599\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u88ab\u6253\u51fa\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u80fd\u91cf\u8207\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53ea\u8207\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u7684\u983b\u7387\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766 (Albert Einstein 1879 \u20131955)\u5927\u81bd\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u5c31\u6709\u5982\u300c\u7c92\u5b50\u300d\u822c\uff08\u5728\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e5f\u76f4\u63a5\u8b49\u5be6\u9019\u500b\u9055\u80cc\u6ce2\u52d5\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u78ba\u5be6\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u7c92\u5b50\u300d\u822c\u7684\u5149\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u5149\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5229\u7528\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5b88\u6046\u6982\u5ff5\u4fbf\u53ef\u6210\u529f\u5730\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u5149\u96fb\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u5149\u5b50\u6240\u5e36\u6709\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u70ba $$E=h\\nu$$\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d $$E$$ \u70ba\u5149\u5b50\u6240\u5e36\u7684\u80fd\u91cf;$$h$$\u00a0\u70ba\u84b2\u6717\u514b\u5e38\u6578 (Planck\u2019s constant)\u800c $$\\nu$$<i>\u00a0<\/i>\u70ba\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u7684\u983b\u7387\u3002\u5047\u8a2d\u91d1\u5c6c\u8868\u9762\u6240\u5e36\u7684\u529f\u51fd\u6578 $$W$$\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u96fb\u5b50\u53d7\u91d1\u5c6c\u675f\u7e1b\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u6e2c\u51fa\u88ab\u6253\u51fa\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u6240\u5e36\u7684\u52d5\u80fd\u70ba\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">$$\\displaystyle E_k=\\frac{1}{2}m_ev^2=h\\nu-W$$<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5f0f\u5b50\u4e2d $$E_k$$<i>\u00a0<\/i>\u70ba\u96fb\u5b50\u6240\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u52d5\u80fd\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u6548\u61c9\u4e0b\uff08\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5149\u96fb\u6548\u61c9\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7121\u9700\u8003\u616e\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5982\u679c\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b65\u8003\u616eCompton\u6548\u61c9\u6216\u66f4\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u6642\u5247\u9808\u8003\u616e\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u95dc\u5149\u5b50\u5be6\u9a57\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u95b1\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<sup>[1]<\/sup>\uff09\uff1b\u800c $$m_e$$ \u70ba\u96fb\u5b50\u8cea\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca $$v$$ \u70ba\u96fb\u5b50\u6240\u5e36\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u5982\u4f55\u6e2c\u5b9a\u96fb\u5b50\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u52d5\u80fd\u5927\u5c0f\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5916\u52a0\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u8abf\u96fb\u58d3\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u500b\u5b89\u57f9\u8a08\u53bb\u6e2c\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u8abf\u96fb\u58d3\u8abf\u6574\u5230\u5b89\u57f9\u8a08\u8b80\u6578\u70ba\u96f6\u6642\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u88ab\u6253\u51fa\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u52d5\u80fd\u7b49\u65bc $$E_k=qV_0$$\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d $$q$$ \u70ba\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u5e36\u96fb\u91cf\u800c $$V_0$$<i>\u00a0<\/i>\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u622a\u6b62\u96fb\u58d3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff08\u5716\u4e8c\uff09\u662f1916\u5e74\u5bc6\u7acb\u574e (Robert A. Millikan\u30001868 \u20131953)\u5149\u96fb\u6548\u61c9\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_48286\" style=\"width: 669px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/146.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48286\" class=\" wp-image-48286 \" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/146.png\" alt=\"\u5716\u4e8c:\u5176\u4e2dx\u8ef8\u70ba\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u7684\u983b\u7387\uff0cy\u8ef8\u70ba\u622a\u6b62\u96fb\u58d3(\u8ca0\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6253\u51fa\u5149\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u9808\u5916\u52a0\u4e00\u500b\u96fb\u58d3\u4f7f\u5f97\u201d\u6070\u53ef\u201d\u6253\u51fa\u96fb\u5b50)\u3002X\u8ef8\u7684\u622a\u8ddd\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u4f4e\u9650\u983b\u7387(Threshold Frequency)\uff0cy\u8ef8\u7684\u622a\u8ddd\u5c31\u662f\u6b64\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u529f\u51fd\u6578(work function)\u3002\" width=\"659\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/146.png 856w, http:\/\/localhost\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/146-300x165.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 659px) 100vw, 659px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-48286\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e8c\uff1a\u5176\u4e2dx\u8ef8\u70ba\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u7684\u983b\u7387\uff0cy\u8ef8\u70ba\u622a\u6b62\u96fb\u58d3\uff08\u8ca0\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6253\u51fa\u5149\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u9808\u5916\u52a0\u4e00\u500b\u96fb\u58d3\u4f7f\u5f97\u201d\u6070\u53ef\u201d\u6253\u51fa\u96fb\u5b50\uff09\u3002X\u8ef8\u7684\u622a\u8ddd\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u4f4e\u9650\u983b\u7387(Threshold Frequency)\uff0cy\u8ef8\u7684\u622a\u8ddd\u5c31\u662f\u6b64\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u529f\u51fd\u6578(work function)\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>[1] Berkeley physics course-volume 4 (McGraw-Hill International Edition)(ISBN:0-07-113233-3)<\/li>\n<li>[2] Millikan \u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5149\u96fb\u6548\u61c9\u53bb\u9a57\u8b49Planck constant\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fisica.net\/quantica\/millikan_a_direct_photoelectric_determination_of_plancks_h.pdf\">http:\/\/www.fisica.net\/quantica\/millikan_a_direct_photoelectric_determination_of_plancks_h.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u622a\u6b62\u96fb\u58d3 (Cut-off Voltage) \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u9ec3\u742e\u6690 \u622a\u6b62\u96fb\u58d3\u662f\u6307\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5728\u505a\u5149\u96fb\u6548\u61c9\u5be6&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[107,32,35],"tags":[2776,1780,5793,5792],"class_list":["post-48283","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-physics00","category-physics07","category-physics07-03","tag-2776","tag-1780","tag-5793","tag-5792","loop-entry","cat-107","cat-32","cat-35","no-thumbnail"],"views":25423,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48283","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48283"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48283\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":87361,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48283\/revisions\/87361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48283"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48283"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}