{"id":4667,"date":"2009-02-02T14:41:30","date_gmt":"2009-02-02T06:41:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=4667"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:50:34","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:50:34","slug":"%e8%8b%af%e7%94%b2%e9%85%b8%ef%bc%88benzoic-acid%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e8%8b%af%e7%94%b2%e9%85%b8%ef%bc%88benzoic-acid%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u82ef\u7532\u9178\uff08benzoic acid\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u82ef\u7532\u9178\uff08benzoic acid\uff09<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u570b\u7acb\u53f0\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u8449\u540d\u5009\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u82ef\u7532\u9178\uff0cC<sub>7<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>(\u6216 C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>COOH)\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7121\u8272\u7d50\u6676\u56fa\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u82b3\u9999\u7fa7\u9178\u3002\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u5f9e\u5b89\u606f\u9999\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u66fe\u7d93\u662f\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5f31\u9178\u53ca\u5176\u9e7d\u985e\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u505a\u98df\u7269\u9632\u8150\u5291\u3002\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u5316\u5b78\u5408\u6210\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u524d\u9a45\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b77\u53f2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u6700\u65e9\u572816\u4e16\u7d00\u767c\u73fe\u3002Nostradamus\u9996\u5148\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5b89\u606f\u9999\u7684\u4e7e\u993e\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8cAlexius Pedemontanus\u3001Blaise de Vigen\u00e8re\u4e5f\u9678\u7e8c\u505a\u4e86\u7d00\u9304\u3002<br \/>\nJustus von Liebig and Friedrich W\u00f6hler\u57281832\u5e74\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4e86\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u99ac\u5c3f\u9178\u8207\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<br \/>\n1875\u5e74\uff0cSalkowski\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u6297\u771f\u83cc\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u5f97\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u4f7f\u7528\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u9e7d\u7576\u505a\u9632\u8150\u5291\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6c34\u679c\uff09\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u88fd\u9020<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5de5\u696d\u88fd\u5099<br \/>\n\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u7684\u5546\u696d\u88fd\u9020\u662f\u7531\u7532\u82ef\u88ab\u6c27\u90e8\u4efd\u6c27\u5316\u800c\u4f86\u3002\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9237\u6216\u74b0\u70f7\u9178\u9333\u7576\u50ac\u5316\u5291\u3002\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u672a\u52a0\u5de5\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u7522\u7387\u4e5f\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u7da0\u8272\u5316\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u751f\u7522\u91cf\u4f30\u8a08\u7d04\u70ba\u6bcf\u5e74126,000\u516c\u5678\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u591a\u662f\u570b\u5167\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u88fd\u5099\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5316\u5de5\u7522\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5408\u6210<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u5f88\u4fbf\u5b9c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5408\u6210\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5f88\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u88fd\u5099\u5be6\u9a57\u3002<br \/>\n\u5c0d\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5f9e\u6c34\u4e2d\u518d\u7d50\u6676\u9054\u5230\u7d14\u5316\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5728\u71b1\u6c34\u88e1\u6709\u9ad8\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u6613\u6eb6\u65bc\u51b7\u6c34\u7684\u7de3\u6545\u3002<br \/>\n\u7531\u65bc\u907f\u958b\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u6a5f\u6eb6\u5291\u505a\u518d\u7d50\u6676\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u683c\u5916\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u518d\u7d50\u6676\u6eb6\u5291\u5305\u62ec\u51b0\u918b\u9178(\u7121\u6c34\u6216\u542b\u6c34)\u3001\u82ef\u3001\u77f3\u6cb9\u919a\u548c\u9152\u7cbe\u8207\u6c34\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u85c9\u7531\u6c34\u89e3<\/p>\n<p>\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8148\u6216\u91af\u80fa\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u82ef\u57fa\u8148\u548c\u82ef\u7532\u91af\u80fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6c34\u89e3\u6210\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u6216\u5b83\u7684\u5171\u8edb\u9e7c(C6H5COO-)\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u5728\u9178\u6027\u6216\u9e7c\u6027\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u82ef\u7532\u919b<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u9e7c\u57fa\u8a98\u5c0e\u7684\u82ef\u7532\u919b\u81ea\u8eab\u5206\u89e3\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u5373Cannizzaro\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u7522\u51fa\u540c\u91cf\u7684\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u548c\u82ef\u7532\u9187\uff1b\u5f8c\u8005\u53ef\u7528\u84b8\u993e\u6cd5\u79fb\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6eb4\u82ef<\/p>\n<p>\u6eb4\u82ef\u5728\u4e59\u919a\u88e1\u8207\u9382\u4e00\u8d77\u652a\u62cc\uff0c\u6703\u7522\u51fa\u82ef\u57fa\u6eb4\u5316\u9382(C6H5MgBr)\u3002\u9019\u500b\u683c\u91cc\u90a3\u8a66\u5291\u6162\u6162\u52a0\u5230\u4e7e\u51b0\u88e1\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u6839\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u52a0\u7a00\u9178\u5c31\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u82ef\u7532\u9187<\/p>\n<p>\u82ef\u7532\u9187\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u8207\u904e\u9333\u9178\u9240\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6c27\u5316\u5291\u505a\u56de\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u8d81\u71b1\u904e\u6ffe\u6389\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u9333\uff0c\u51b7\u537b\u5f8c\u5373\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u88fd\u5099\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u88fd\u5099\u6cd5\u7528\u5230\u4e09\u6c2f\u7532\u82ef\u548c\u6c2b\u6c27\u5316\u9223\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u7528\u9435\u6216\u9435\u9e7d\u7576\u50ac\u5316\u5291\u3002\u7522\u751f\u7684\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u9223\u7528\u9e7d\u9178\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u82ef\u7532\u9178\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u7522\u7269\u5305\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6c2f\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u884d\u751f\u7269\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f9b\u4eba\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u662f\u7528\u4e7e\u993e\u5b89\u606f\u9999\u81a0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u5f97\uff1b\u98df\u54c1\u7d1a\u7684\u5b89\u606f\u9999\u9178\u73fe\u5728\u5247\u662f\u5408\u6210\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u70f7\u57fa\u53d6\u4ee3\u82ef\u884d\u751f\u7269\u8207\u5316\u5b78\u7576\u91cf\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u5291\u53cd\u61c9\u6703\u7522\u751f\u82ef\u7532\u9178\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u904e\u9333\u9178\u9240\u3001\u4e09\u6c27\u5316\u927b\u3001\u785d\u9178\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u98df\u7269\u4fdd\u5b58<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u9e7d\u985e\u88ab\u7528\u65bc\u98df\u7269\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u4ee5E\u7de8\u78bc\u4e2d\u7684E210\u3001E211\u3001E212\u53caE213\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u6703\u6291\u5236\u9ef4\u83cc\u3001\u9175\u6bcd\u83cc\u53ca\u67d0\u4e9b\u7d30\u83cc\u7684\u751f\u9577\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u52a0\u5230\u98df\u7269\u88e1\u6216\u5f9e\u5b83\u7684\u9209\u9e7d\u9240\u9e7d\u9223\u9e7d\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\u88fd\u9020\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6a5f\u5236\u5f9e\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u88ab\u5438\u9032\u7d30\u80de\u88e1\u958b\u59cb\u3002\u82e5\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7684pH\u503c\u8b8a\u62105\u6216\u66f4\u4f4e\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u85c9\u78f7\u9178\u679c\u7cd6\u6fc0\u9176\u7684\u7f3a\u6c27\u767c\u9175\u5c31\u6703\u6e1b\u5c1195%\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u53ca\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u9e7d\u7684\u6548\u529b\u5c31\u6c7a\u5b9a\u65bc\u98df\u7269\u7684pH\u503c\u3002\u9178\u6027\u98df\u7269\u50cf\u679c\u6c41\uff08\u6ab8\u6aac\u9178\uff09\u3001\u6c23\u6ce1\u98f2\u6599\uff08\u78b3\u9178\uff09\u3001\u8edf\u6027\u98f2\u6599\uff08\u78f7\u9178\uff09\u3001\u9183\u6f2c\u7269\uff08\u918b\uff09\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u9178\u6027\u7684\u98df\u7269\u5c31\u6703\u7528\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u6216\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u9e7d\u4f86\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\uff0c\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u7528\u65bc\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0a\u7684\u6fc3\u5ea6\u4ecb\u65bc0.05\u20130.1%\u4e4b\u9593\u3002\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u6240\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u98df\u7269\u53ca\u7528\u91cf\u5728\u570b\u969b\u98df\u7269\u6cd5\u88e1\u6709\u8a18\u8f09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u64d4\u6182\uff0c\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u548c\u5176\u9e7d\u985e\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u548c\u6297\u58de\u8840\u9178\uff08\u7dad\u751f\u7d20C\uff09\u5728\u8edf\u6027\u98f2\u6599\u4e2d\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u82ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u539f\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u88fd\u9020\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u82ef\u7532\u91af\u6c2f\uff0cC<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>C(O)Cl\uff0c\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u7d93\u7531\u4e9e\u786b\u91af\u6c2f(Thionyl chloride)\u3001\u5149\u6c23(phosgene)\u6216\u4e00\u7a2e\u78f7\u7684\u6c2f\u5316\u7269\u8655\u7406\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002\u82ef\u7532\u91af\u6c2f\u662f\u88fd\u9020\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u884d\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u524d\u9a45\u7269\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u82ef\u7532\u916f(benzyl 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