{"id":43835,"date":"2013-08-31T17:07:57","date_gmt":"2013-08-31T09:07:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=43835"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:20:42","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:20:42","slug":"%e5%8f%8d%e4%bd%8d%e6%95%88%e6%87%89%ef%bc%88trans-effect%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e5%8f%8d%e4%bd%8d%e6%95%88%e6%87%89%ef%bc%88trans-effect%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9\uff08Trans effect\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9\uff08Trans effect\uff09<\/span>
\n<\/strong>\u570b\u7acb\u65b0\u838a\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u9673\u5049\u6c11\u9000\u4f11\u6559\u5e2b<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u61c9\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u8eca\u96c5\u592b\uff08<\/span>I. I. Chernyaev<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728<\/span>1926<\/span>\u5e74\u9ad4\u8a8d\u5230\u6709\u6b64\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u4e4b\u547d\u540d\u3002\u5728\u7121\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9<\/strong>\u662f\u6307\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8655\u65bc\u53cd\u4f4d\u7684\u914d\u4f4d\u6709\u4e0d\u7a69\u5316\uff08<\/span>labilization<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u53cd\u4f4d\u5c0e\u5411\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6548\u61c9\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u96fb\u5b50\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u767c\u751f\u65bc\u5e73\u9762\u56db\u908a\u5f62\u7684\u932f\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u904e\u6e21\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u516b\u9762\u9ad4\u932f\u5408\u7269\u4e5f\u5e38\u898b\u9019\u7a2e\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6b64\u7a2e\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9\u5916\uff0c\u53cd\u4f4d\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u4e5f\u6703\u5c0d\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u57fa\u614b\u9020\u6210\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u5176\u5c0d\u9375\u9577\u8207\u7a69\u5b9a\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u5f8c\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5b78\u8005\u559c\u6b61\u7528\u53cd\u4f4d\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong>\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8207\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u5340\u9694\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u8005\u559c\u6b61\u7528\u7d50\u69cb\u53cd\u4f4d\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong>\u6216\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9<\/strong>\u7b49\u66f4\u70ba\u5c08\u7528\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9\uff08\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u53cd\u4f4d\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u7387\u70ba\u8861\u91cf\u6a19\u6e96\uff09\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u4f9d\u4e0b\u5217\u9806\u5e8f\u6f38\u589e\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

F<\/span>\u2212<\/span><\/sup>, H2<\/sub>O, OH<\/span>\u2212<\/span><\/sup> < NH3<\/sub> < py <\/span>\uff08<\/span>\u5421<\/span>\u5576\uff09<\/span>< Cl<\/span>\u2212<\/span><\/sup> < Br<\/span>\u2212<\/span><\/sup> < I<\/span>\u2212<\/span><\/sup>, SCN<\/span>\u2212<\/span><\/sup>, NO2<\/sub><\/span>\u2212<\/span><\/sup>, SC(NH2<\/sub>)2<\/sub>, Ph<\/span>\u2212<\/span><\/sup>\uff08\u82ef\u57fa\uff09<\/span>< SO3<\/sub>2<\/sup><\/span>\u2212<\/span><\/sup> < PR3<\/sub><\/span><\/a><\/span>\uff08\u81a6\uff09<\/span>, AsR3<\/sub><\/span>\uff08\u80c2\uff09<\/span>, SR2<\/sub><\/span>\uff08\u786b\u919a\uff09<\/span>, CH3<\/sub><\/span>\u2212<\/span><\/sup> < H<\/span>\u2212<\/span><\/sup>, NO, CO, CN<\/span>\u2212<\/span><\/sup>, C2<\/sub>H4<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n

\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u4f8b\u8b49\u5373\u70ba\u9806\u9251\u7684\u5408\u6210\u3002\u4ee5<\/span>PtCl4<\/sub><\/span>2<\/span><\/sup>\u2212<\/span><\/sup>\u70ba\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b<\/span>NH3<\/sub><\/span>\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u96a8\u6a5f\u52a0\u5230\u56db\u500b\u76f8\u7b49\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba<\/span>Cl<\/span>\u2212<\/span><\/sup>\u7684\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9\u6bd4<\/span>NH3<\/sub><\/span>\u5f37\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b<\/span>NH3<\/sub><\/span>\u52a0\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6c28\u7684\u9806\u4f4d\uff0c\u5982\u5716<\/span>1<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

\u57161\u4ee5PtCl42\u2212\u70ba\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u53ef\u5408\u6210\u9806\u9251<\/p><\/div>\n

\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5<\/span>Pt(NH3<\/sub>)4<\/sub>2+<\/sup><\/span>\u70ba\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u53cd\u4f4d\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u5716<\/span>2<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

\u57162\u4ee5Pt(NH3)42+\u70ba\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u6703\u5408\u6210\u53cd\u9251<\/p><\/div>\n

\u5e73\u9762\u56db\u908a\u5f62\u932f\u5408\u7269\u7684\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7d93\u7531<\/span> \u52a0\u6210\uff0f\u812b\u53bb<\/span> \u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u6a5f\u69cb\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u53cd\u61c9\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u96d9\u4e09\u89d2\u9310\u7684\u4e2d\u9593\u7522\u7269\u3002\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u9ad8<\/span>\u03c0<\/span>\u9178\u6027\uff08\u4ee5\u7a7a\u7684<\/span>\u03c0<\/span>\u8ecc\u57df\u63a5\u53d7\u4f86\u81ea\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684<\/span>d<\/span>\u8ecc\u57df\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u81a6\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u4f4e\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u5b64\u5c0d<\/span>-d\u03c0<\/sub><\/span>\u6392\u65a5\uff08\u5982<\/span>H–<\/sup><\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u5728\u4e2d\u9593\u7522\u7269\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u559c\u6b61\u4f54\u64da\u5728\u6709\u8f03\u5f37<\/span>\u03c0<\/span>\u9e7c\u6027\u7684\u8d64\u9053\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6709\u5169\u500b\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u96fb\u5b50\u5c0d\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8ef8\u7dda\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u8a71\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u96fb\u5b50\u5c0d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u8d64\u9053\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u7531\u6b63\u8981\u9032\u4f86\u7684\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u4f54\u64da\uff1b\u7531\u65bc\u5fae\u89c0\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff08<\/span>principle of microscopic reversibility<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u8981\u96e2\u53bb\u7684\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u8d64\u9053\u4f4d\u7f6e\u96e2\u53bb\u3002\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u4e0a\u6700\u6709\u5229\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u4f4d\u65bc\u6700\u5927\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u7684\u53cd\u4f4d\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u5c07\u6703\u812b\u53bb\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u5716<\/span>3<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

\u57163 \u5e73\u9762\u56db\u908a\u5f62\u53cd\u61c9\u6548\u61c9\u4e4b\u53cd\u61c9\u6a5f\u69cb<\/p><\/div>\n

\u7d50\u69cb\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7d50\u69cb\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528<\/span>X-<\/span>\u5149\u7d50\u6676\u5b78\uff08<\/span>X -ray crystallography<\/span>\uff09\u5be6\u9a57\u6e2c\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u4f4d\u65bc\u5177\u53cd\u4f4d\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u4e4b\u53cd\u4f4d\u7684\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u8207\u91d1\u5c6c\u4e4b\u9593\u5316\u5b78\u9375\u6703\u4f38\u9577\uff08\u5373\u6e1b\u5f31\uff09\u3002\u50cf<\/span>H–<\/sup><\/span>\u9019\u7a2e\u5f37\u529b\u53cd\u4f4d\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u914d\u4f4d\u57fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u9020\u6210\u9054<\/span>0.2\u00c5<\/span>\u7684\u4f38\u9577\u91cf\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u9806\u4f4d\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f46\u8f03\u53cd\u4f4d\u5f71\u97ff\u5c0f\u3002\u9806\u4f4d\u8207\u53cd\u4f4d\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u4e2d\u5fc3\u91d1\u5c6c\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u614b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u8ecc\u57df\u89e3\u91cb\u3002
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d<\/span>SnIV<\/sup><\/span>\u8207<\/span>SbV<\/sup><\/span>\u7684\u516b\u9762\u9ad4\u932f\u5408\u7269\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u614b\u70ba<\/span>d10<\/sup>s0<\/sup><\/span>\uff0c<\/span>M-L<\/span>\u9375\u542b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u91d1\u5c6c<\/span>s<\/span>\u8ecc\u57df\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff08\u5982\u5716<\/span>4<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u9806\u4f4d\u5f71\u97ff\u8f03\u5927\uff0c\u9806\u4f4d\u8207\u53cd\u4f4d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5927\u5c0f\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

\u57164 \u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u614b\u70bad10s0\u6642\uff0cM-L\u9375\u542b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u91d1\u5c6cs\u8ecc\u57df\u7684\u7279\u6027<\/p><\/div>\n

\u5c0d<\/span>TeIV<\/sup><\/span>\u7684\u516b\u9762\u9ad4\u932f\u5408\u7269\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728<\/span>d10<\/sup>s2<\/sup> <\/span>\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c<\/span>M-L<\/span>\u9375\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u91d1\u5c6c<\/span>p<\/span>\u8ecc\u57df\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u6c92\u6709<\/span>d<\/span>\u548c<\/span>s<\/span>\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff08\u5982\u5716<\/span>5<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u9806\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u96f6\uff0c\u4e26\u53d7\u586b\u6eff\u7684<\/span>s<\/span>\u8207<\/span>d<\/span>\u8ecc\u57df\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

\u57165 \u5728d10s2 \u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0cM-L\u9375\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u91d1\u5c6cp\u8ecc\u57df\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u6c92\u6709d\u548cs\u7684\u7279\u6027<\/p><\/div>\n

\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5e73\u9762\u56db\u908a\u5f62\u7684<\/span>PtII<\/sup> (d8<\/sup>)<\/span>\u53ca\u516b\u9762\u9ad4\u932f\u5408\u7269<\/span>W0<\/sup>(<\/span>d6<\/sup>)<\/span>\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span>M-L<\/span>\u9375\u542b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u91d1\u5c6c<\/span>d<\/span>\u8ecc\u57df\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u5716<\/span>6(a)<\/span>\u53ca<\/span>(b)<\/span>\uff0c\u800c<\/span>s<\/span>\u8ecc\u57df\u7684\u7279\u6027\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u5c11\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u9806\u4f4d\u5f71\u97ff\u5c31\u6703\u6bd4\u53cd\u4f4d\u5f71\u97ff\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u96f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u5927\u5c0f\u5247\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u614b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

\u57166 (a) d8\u53ca(b)d6\uff0cM-L\u9375\u5747\u542b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u91d1\u5c6cd\u8ecc\u57df\u7279\u6027<\/p><\/div>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

1. <\/span>\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9<\/span>http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trans_effect<\/span><\/p>\n

2. <\/span>Anderson, K. M.; Orpen, A. G. On the relative magnitudes of the cis<\/em> and trans<\/em> influences in metal complexes. Chem. Commun.<\/em> 2001<\/strong>, 2682-2683<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9\uff08Trans effect\uff09 \u570b\u7acb\u65b0\u838a\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u9673\u5049\u6c11\u9000\u4f11\u6559\u5e2b \u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u61c9\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u8eca\u96c5\u592b\uff08I. I.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,68,67],"tags":[5007,2447],"class_list":["post-43835","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry05-01","category-chemistry05","tag-5007","tag-2447","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-68","cat-67","no-thumbnail"],"views":10052,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43835","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43835"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43835\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":87539,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43835\/revisions\/87539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43835"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43835"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43835"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}