{"id":40839,"date":"2011-11-18T14:01:18","date_gmt":"2011-11-18T06:01:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=40839"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:22:42","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:22:42","slug":"%e6%af%94%e7%88%be%e5%ae%9a%e5%be%8bbeers-law%e8%88%87%e5%90%b8%e6%94%b6%e5%ba%a6absorbance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e6%af%94%e7%88%be%e5%ae%9a%e5%be%8bbeers-law%e8%88%87%e5%90%b8%e6%94%b6%e5%ba%a6absorbance\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6bd4\u723e\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8207\u5438\u6536\u5ea6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6bd4\u723e\u5b9a\u5f8b (Beer’s Law)\u8207\u5438\u6536\u5ea6 (Absorbance) <\/span>
\n\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u5b78\u58eb\u751f\u5f35\u80b2\u5510\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u723e\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u4f5c\u6bd4\u723e\u2500\u2500\u6717\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b(Beer-Lambert Law)\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5149\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u7576\u5149\u7a7f\u900f\u6a23\u54c1\u6eb6\u6db2\u6642\uff0c\u5149\u7684\u5438\u6536\u5ea6 \\((A)\\) \u8207\u5438\u6536\u4fc2\u6578 \\((\\alpha)\\)\u3001\u5149\u5f91\u9577 \\((l)\\)\u3001\u6fc3\u5ea6 \\((c)\\) \u4e09\u8005\u5747\u5448\u6b63\u6bd4\uff1a\\(A=\\alpha lc\\)<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\u00a0\\(\\alpha\\) \u70ba\u5438\u6536\u4fc2\u6578(absorptivity\uff0c\u6216\u7a31 absorption coefficient)\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u6d88\u5149\u4fc2\u6578(extinction coefficient, \\(k\\))\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u5728\u5149\u5f91\u9577 \\(b\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 cm \u4f5c\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6fc3\u5ea6 \\(c\\) <\/i>\u4f7f\u7528 \\(M\\) \u4f5c\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u5438\u6536\u4fc2\u6578\u4ee5 \\(M^{-1}cm^{-1}\\) \u4f5c\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u6642\u5019\u7684\u5438\u6536\u4fc2\u6578\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u7a31\u70ba\u83ab\u8033\u5438\u6536\u4fc2\u6578(molar absorptivity)\uff0c\u5176\u7b26\u865f\u4ee5 \\(\\varepsilon\\) \u4f86\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u83ab\u8033\u5438\u6536\u4fc2\u6578 \\(\\varepsilon\\) <\/i>\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u7576\u983b\u7e41\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u9084\u6bd4\u5438\u6536\u4fc2\u6578 \\(\\alpha\\) <\/i>\u4f86\u7684\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u6bd4\u723e\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u70ba\uff1a\\(A=\\varepsilon bc\\)<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u77ad\u89e3\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u5b9a\u7fa9\u662f\u5149\u7684\u5438\u6536\u5ea6(absorbance)\u3002\u7576\u4e00\u675f\u5149\u7dda\u7167\u5c04\u5230\u4e00\u6a23\u54c1\u6eb6\u6db2\u6642\uff0c\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u5149\u7dda\u6703\u88ab\u6a23\u54c1\u6eb6\u6db2\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5149\u7dda\u5247\u7a7f\u900f\u6a23\u54c1\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u5373\u539f\u672c\u5149\u5165\u5c04\u7dda\u5f37\u5ea6 \\(I_0\\)\uff0c\u7a7f\u900f\u5149\u7dda\u5f37\u5ea6\u8b8a\u70ba \\(I_1\\)\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u5149\u7684\u7a7f\u900f\u5ea6 \\(T\\) <\/i>(Transmittance)\uff0c\u5373\u5149\u7a7f\u900f\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u70ba<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

\u5716\u4e00\u3001\u6bd4\u723e\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5438\u6536\u5149\u8def\u5f91\u7684\u793a\u610f\u5716\u3002(\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a WIKIPEDIA–Beer\u2013Lambert law)<\/p><\/div>\n

\u53cd\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u90e8\u4efd\u5149\u88ab\u6a23\u54c1\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5149\u7684\u88ab\u5438\u6536\u5ea6 A \u70ba<\/p>\n

\\(\\displaystyle A=-\\log T=-\\log \\frac{I_1}{I_0}\\)<\/p>\n

\u5438\u6536\u5ea6A\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u65bc\u7b49\u65bc\u96f6\u7684\u5be6\u6578\uff1b\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\u843d\u57280\u81f32\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d0\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5373\u70ba\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u5438\u6536\uff0c2\u5247\u4ee3\u8868\u6709\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e5d\u5341\u4e5d\u7684\u5149\u901a\u904e\u6642\u88ab\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5438\u6536\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5149\u7684\u7a7f\u900f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u8207\u6fc3\u5ea6\u548c\u5149\u5f91\u9577\u5448\u5b8c\u5168\u8ca0\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5149\u7a7f\u904e\u5169\u676f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u676f\u88ab\u5438\u6536\u4e8650%\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u7a7f\u904e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u676f\u5f8c\u5c31\u6703\u5168 \u90e8\u88ab\u5438\u6536\u3002\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u5438\u6536\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u8207\u5149\u5f91\u9577\u3001\u6fc3\u5ea6\u5448\u6b63\u6bd4\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5149\u7a7f\u904e\u5169\u676f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u676f\u88ab\u5438\u6536\u4e8650%\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u5c0d\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e8c\u676f\u7684\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u53ea\u670950%\uff0c\u90a3 \u9ebc\u81ea\u7136\u7b2c\u4e8c\u676f\u5c31\u8a72\u53ea\u5438\u653625%\uff0c\u5176\u5438\u6536\u7684\u7e3d\u5149\u91cf\u53ea\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5176\u7e3d\u5438\u6536\u5ea6\u78ba\u5be6\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u500d\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u53ef\u4ee5\u61c9\u8b49\u6b64\u4e00\u4e8b\u5be6\uff1a\u53d6\u4e00\u500b\u99ac\u514b\u676f\u52a0\u5165\u534a\u900f\u660e\u7684 \u679c\u6c41\uff0c\u4e26\u9010\u6f38\u52a0\u6c34\u7a00\u91cb\u3002\u5f9e\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u679c\u6c41\u7684\u984f\u8272\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u52a0\u6c34\u7a00\u91cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u6240\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u9019\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u5728\u7a00\u91cb\u6eb6\u6db2\u6fc3\u5ea6\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u5149\u5f91\u4e5f\u5728\u540c\u6642\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u7684 \u4e00\u589e\u4e00\u6e1b\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u62b5\u92b7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5438\u6536\u5ea6\u7684\u7a31\u547c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u7a31\u505a\u300c\u5438\u6536\u7387\u300d(absorptance)\u7684\u4fc2\u6578\u4e5f\u7d93\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u5438\u6536\u7387\u4ee5\u5c0f\u5beb\u5370\u5237\u9ad4\u7684 \\(\\mathrm{a}\\) \u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6eb6\u6db2\u5c0d\u65bc\u5149\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u6703\u6709\u5438\u6536\u9019\u4e00\u7a2e\u5149\u5b78\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8af8\u5982\u6563\u5c04\u3001\u53cd\u5c04\u7b49\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5747\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u3002\u5176\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\uff1a<\/p>\n

\\(\\displaystyle \\mathrm{a}=\\frac{I_0-I}{I_0}\\)<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5438\u6536\u7387\u548c\u5438\u6536\u5ea6\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u65bc\u53d6\u4ee3\u6bd4\u723e\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u5438\u6536\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong>
\n1. Zumdahl, S. S. Chemical Principles, 5th edition; Houghton Mifflin Company: Boston, 2003; pp. A18-A20.
\n2. Skoog, D. A.; Holler, F. J.; Crouch, S. R. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6th ed.; Brooks\/Cole: Belmont, 2007; pp. 336-342.
\n3. Harris, D. C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 7th edition; W. H. Freeman and Company: New York, 2007; pp. 381-382.
\n4. WIKIPEDIA–Beer\u2013Lambert law\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beer%27s_Law<\/a>
\n5. Millikan, G. A. J. Physiol. 1933, 79(2), 152\u2013157.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6bd4\u723e\u5b9a\u5f8b (Beer’s Law)\u8207\u5438\u6536\u5ea6 (Absorbance) \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u5b78\u58eb\u751f\u5f35\u80b2…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,78,77],"tags":[4461,7667,11073,4460,4458],"class_list":["post-40839","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry08-01","category-chemistry08","tag-absorbance","tag-beers-law","tag-11073","tag-4460","tag-4458","avhec_catgroup-all","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-78","cat-77","no-thumbnail"],"views":146980,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40839","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40839"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40839\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":87774,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40839\/revisions\/87774"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40839"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40839"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40839"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}