{"id":40806,"date":"2011-11-11T15:32:59","date_gmt":"2011-11-11T07:32:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=40806"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:22:42","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:22:42","slug":"%e9%b9%b5%e7%b4%a0%e5%90%ab%e6%b0%a7%e9%85%b8halogen-oxyacids","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e9%b9%b5%e7%b4%a0%e5%90%ab%e6%b0%a7%e9%85%b8halogen-oxyacids\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178(Halogen Oxyacids)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178(Halogen Oxyacids)<\/span>
\n\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u5b78\u58eb\u751f\u5f35\u80b2\u5510\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178(Halogen Oxyacids)\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u9664\u4e86\u6c1f\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u9e75\u7d20\u5143\u7d20\u548c \u6c27\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u542b\u6c27\u9178\uff0c\u8868\u4e00\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u77e5\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178\uff0c\u4e0d\u542b\u6c27\u4f46\u542b\u9e75\u7d20\u7684\u9178\u985e\uff0c\u5247\u7a31\u4f5c\u6c2b\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178(hydrohalic acids)\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c2b\u6c1f\u9178(HF)\u3001\u6c2b\u6c2f\u9178(HCl)\u3001\u6c2b\u6eb4\u9178(HBr)\u548c\u6c2b\u7898\u9178(HI)\u3002\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u8207\u6c2b\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u90fd\u662f\u55ae\u8cea\u5b50\u9178\uff0c\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u6703\u89e3\u96e2\u51fa\u6c2b\u96e2 \u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8868\u4e00
\n\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u6c2b\u9e75\u9178\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u9e75\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u6c27\u5316\u6578\u662f-1\uff0c\u6eb6\u65bc\u6c34\u4e2d\u70ba\u9178\uff0c\u6c23\u614b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5247\u7a31\u4f5c\u9e75\u5316\u6c2b\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u9e75\u7d20\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u8207\u5176\u5316\u5408\u4e4b\u6c27\u7684\u6578\u76ee\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6c27\u5316\u6578\u7531+1\u3001+3\u3001+5\u5230\u6700\u9ad8+7\u50f9\u3002\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u4f9d\u7167\u6240\u542b\u7684\u6c27\u7684\u6578\u76ee\uff0c\u75311\u52304\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u5e8f\u7a31\u70ba\u6b21<\/span>\u9e75\u9178(hypo<\/span>halous<\/span> acid\uff0cHXO)\u3001\u4e9e<\/span>\u9e75\u9178(halous<\/span> acid\uff0cHOXO)\u3001\u9e75\u9178(halic acid\uff0cHOXO2<\/sub>)\u3001\u904e<\/span>\u9e75\u9178(hyper<\/span>halic<\/span> acid\uff0cHOXO3<\/sub>)\u3002\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6c27\uff0c\u6c27\u5316\u6578\u90fd\u662f-2\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u7684\u9e75\u7d20\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6578\u70ba\u6b63\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u9e75\u7d20\u7684\u9084\u539f\uff0c\u4f86\u6c27\u5316\u8a31\u591a\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u6545\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u5f37\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u6c1f\u539f\u5b50\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5c0d\u96fb\u5b50\u675f\u7e1b\u529b\u6975\u5927\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u96fb\u8ca0\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u63a5\u6536\u4e00\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u8b8a\u6210F–<\/sup>\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u6578\u70ba-1\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u80fd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9e75\u7d20\u5143\u7d20\u4e00\u6a23\u51fa\u73fe\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u50f9\u6578\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6b21\u6c1f\u9178\u3001\u6c1f\u9178\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u542b\u6c27\u6c1f\u9178\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6709HOF\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u662fF\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6578\u61c9\u8a72\u9084\u662f-1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b21\u9e75\u9178(Hypohalous acid, HOX)\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u5c07\u9e75\u7d20(X2<\/sub>)\u901a\u5165\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u884c\u81ea\u8eab\u6c27\u5316\u9084\u539f(Disproportionation)\u800c\u5f97 \uff08\u5f0f\u4e00\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6b21\u7898\u9178\u5247\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u7898\u6c34\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6c27\u5316\u6c5e\u53cd\u61c9\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u6b21\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u8207\u5176\u9e7d\u985e\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\u4e0d\u592a\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u9084\u6703\u518d\u9032\u884c\u81ea\u8eab\u6c27\u5316\u9084\u539f\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6c2b\u9e75\u9178\u4ee5\u53ca\u9e75\u9178(Halic acid, HOClO2<\/sub>)\uff08\u5f0f\u4e8c\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5f37\u6c27\u5316\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u4f86\u505a\u70ba\u6d88\u6bd2\u7684\u597d\u5de5\u5177\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b21\u7898\u9178\u6839\u76f8\u7576\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u6703\u8fc5\u901f\u81ea\u8eab\u6c27\u5316\u9084\u539f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7121\u6cd5\u4f5c\u70ba\u6d88\u6bd2\u6c34\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9084\u662f\u6b21\u6c2f\u9178\u8207\u6b21\u6eb4\u9178\u9e7d\u3002<\/p>\n

X2<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>O \u2192 HX + HOX\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\uff08\u5f0f\u4e00\uff09
\n3 HClO \u2192 2 HCl + HOClO2<\/sub> \uff08\u5f0f\u4e8c\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4e9e\u9e75\u9178(Halous acid, HOXO)\u5247\u8f03\u6b21\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u66f4\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u7576\u4e9e\u6c2f\u9178\u8207\u9e7c\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e9e\u6c2f\u9178\u9e7d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5247\u6709\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u5ea6\u3002\u800c\u4e9e\u6eb4\u9178\u5247\u7121\u6cd5\u7a69\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u50c5\u898b\u65bc\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u4e2d\u9593\u9ad4\u3002\u4e9e \u7898\u9178\u5247\u66f4\u70ba\u7f55\u898b\u3002\u4e9e\u9e75\u9178\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\u540c\u6a23\u6703\u9032\u884c\u81ea\u8eab\u6c27\u5316\u9084\u539f\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6b21\u9e75\u9178\u8207\u9e75\u9178\uff08\u5f0f\u4e09\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

2 HOXO \u2192 HOX + HOXO2<\/sub> \uff08\u5f0f\u4e09\uff09<\/p>\n

\u9e75\u9178(Halic acid, HOXO2<\/sub>)\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u6b21\u9e75\u9178\u3001\u4e9e\u9e75\u9178\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u9ad8\u51fa\u8a31\u591a\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6c2f\u9178\u5728\u8d85\u904e30%\u7684\u6fc3\u6eb6\u6db2\u6216\u8f03\u9ad8\u6eab \u6642\u8f03\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u7898\u9178\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a69\u5b9a\u4ee5\u6676\u9ad4\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6c2f\u9178\u5728\u9ad8\u6fc3\u5ea6\u6642\u52a0\u71b1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u8eab\u6c27\u5316\u9084\u539f\u7522\u751f\u904e\u6c2f\u9178\u548c\u6c2f\u6c23\u53ca\u6c27\u6c23\uff08\u5f0f\u56db\uff09\u3002\u6eb4\u9178\u8207\u7898\u9178\u5247\u56e0\u70ba\u8f03\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c \u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u767c\u751f\u9019\u985e\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u6b21\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u3001\u4e9e\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u70ba\u5f31\u9178\uff0c\u9e75\u9178\u7686\u5c6c\u65bc\u5f37\u9178\uff0c\u5982\u6c2f\u9178\u5176pKa<\/sub><\/em>\u5df2\u7d93\u9054\u5230\u7d04-1\u5de6\u53f3\u3002<\/p>\n

8 HOClO2<\/sub> \u2192 4 HOClO3<\/sub> + 2 H2<\/sub>O + 2 Cl2<\/sub> + 3 O2<\/sub> \uff08\u5f0f\u56db\uff09<\/p>\n

\u904e\u9e75\u9178\u5728\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u6700\u5f37\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8207\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6c27\u5316\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6df7\u5408\u6216\u8005\u662f\u52a0\u71b1\u6642\u6709\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u3002\u904e\u6eb4\u9178\u7a69\u5b9a\u5ea6\u4f4e\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u6eb4\u9178\u8207\u6c27\u6c23\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u6eb4\u9178\u52a0\u71b1\u6216\u662f\u7f6e\u63db\u9e75\u7d20\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u4e8c\u6c1f\u5316\u6c19\u6216\u6c1f\u6c23\u4f86\u6c27\u5316\u6eb4\u9178\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong>
\n1. Zumdahl, S. S. Chemical Principles, 5th edition; Houghton Mifflin Company: Boston, 2003; pp. 918-919.
\n2. WIKIPEDIA\u2014Hypochlorous acid\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypochlorous_acid<\/a>
\n3. WIKIPEDIA\u2014Chlorous acid\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chlorous_acid<\/a>
\n4. WIKIPEDIA\u2014Chloric acid\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chloric_acid<\/a>
\n5. WIKIPEDIA\u2014Perchloric acid\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Perchloric_acid<\/a>
\n6. WIKIPEDIA\u2014Hypobromous acid\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypobromous_acid<\/a>
\n7. WIKIPEDIA\u2014Bromous acid\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bromous_acid<\/a>
\n8. WIKIPEDIA\u2014Bromic acid\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bromic_acid<\/a>
\n9. WIKIPEDIA\u2014Perbromic acid\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Perbromic_acid<\/a>
\n10. WIKIPEDIA\u2014Hypoiodous acid\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypoiodous_acid<\/a>
\n11. WIKIPEDIA\u2014Iodic acid\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iodic_acid<\/a>
\n12. WIKIPEDIA\u2014Periodic acid\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Periodic_acid<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u9e75\u7d20\u542b\u6c27\u9178(Halogen Oxyacids) \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u5b78\u58eb\u751f\u5f35\u80b2\u5510\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb\u8cac…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,50,53,48,67,70],"tags":[4449,11059,4616,1465,4448],"class_list":["post-40806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry01-02","category-chemistry01-05","category-chemistry01","category-chemistry05","category-chemistry05-03","tag-halogen-oxyacids","tag-11059","tag-4616","tag-1465","tag-4448","avhec_catgroup-all","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-50","cat-53","cat-48","cat-67","cat-70","no-thumbnail"],"views":14483,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40806","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40806"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40806\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":87781,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40806\/revisions\/87781"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40806"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40806"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}