{"id":40787,"date":"2011-11-11T14:50:25","date_gmt":"2011-11-11T06:50:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=40787"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:22:43","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:22:43","slug":"%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%b8%e4%bd%8d%e7%a7%bbchemical-shift","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%b8%e4%bd%8d%e7%a7%bbchemical-shift\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5316\u5b78\u4f4d\u79fb"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5316\u5b78\u4f4d\u79fb (Chemical Shift)<\/span>
\n\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u5b78\u58eb\u751f\u5f35\u80b2\u5510\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance\uff0cNMR)\u5149\u8b5c\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5316\u5b78\u74b0\u5883(Chemical environment)\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7531\u65bc\u906e\u853d\u6548\u61c9(Shielding effect)\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5728\u78c1\u5834\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u632f\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u6b64\u5171\u632f\u983b\u7387\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u7a31\u70ba\u5316\u5b78\u4f4d\u79fb(Chemical shift)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u5149\u8b5c\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5947\u6578\u500b\u8cea\u5b50\u6216\u662f\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u5177\u6709\u6838\u81ea\u65cb(Nuclear spin)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u89d2\u52d5\u91cf(Nuclear spin angular momentum)\u3002\u800c\u7531\u65bc\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5e36\u6709\u96fb\u8377\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u81ea\u65cb\u6642\u4fbf\u6703\u7522\u751f\u78c1\u77e9\uff0c\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u78c1\u9435\u3002\u800c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u65bd\u52a0\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u7576\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u6642\uff0c\u5404\u500b\u80fd\u968e\u4fbf\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u548c\u78c1\u5834\u65b9\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u4f7f\u5f97\u80fd\u968e\u4e4b\u9593\u7522\u751f\u80fd\u968e\u5dee\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u968e\u5dee\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u9810\u671f\u7576\u65bd\u52a0\u4e00\u500b\u56fa\u5b9a\u983b\u7387\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u81ea\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u80fd\u968e\u6fc0\u767c\u81f3\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u80fd\u968e\uff1b\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u56de\u5230\u8f03\u4f4e\u80fd\u968e\u6642\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u968e\u5dee\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6240\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u3002\uff08\u5716\u4e00\uff09<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

\u5716\u4e00\u3001NMR\u539f\u7406\u5716\u3002 E1\u70ba\u6838\u81ea\u65cb\u65b9\u5411\u70ba\u9006\u78c1\u5834\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u96a8\u5916\u52a0\u78c1\u5834\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\uff1b E2\u70ba\u6838\u81ea\u65cb\u65b9\u5411\u5373\u9806\u78c1\u5834\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u96a8\u5916\u52a0\u78c1\u5834\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n

NMR\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5171\u632f\u983b\u7387\u53d7\u5230\u5206\u5b50\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u8ff4\u8f49\u78c1\u6bd4(Magnetogyric ratio)\u548c\u5916\u52a0\u78c1\u5834Bo\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5206\u5b50\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u6bcf\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u6709\u500b\u81ea\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u96f2\u74b0\u7e5e\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u500b\u5225\u5c0f\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u76f8\u9130\u539f\u5b50\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u5f71 \u97ff\uff0c\u5373\u70ba\u76f8\u4e92\u7684\u906e\u853d\u3002\u6545\u771f\u6b63\u4f5c\u7528\u65bc\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u4e0a\u7684\u78c1\u5834Blocal<\/sub>\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u70ba\uff1a<\/p>\n

Blocal<\/sub> = Bo (1-\u00a0\"\"<\/a>)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \"\"<\/a>: \u906e\u853d\u6548\u61c9<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e0a\u5f0f\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u906e\u853d\u6548\u61c9\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u78c1\u5834\u6548\u61c9\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u6838\u81ea\u65cb\u614b\u5206\u96e2\u80fd\u91cf\u4e5f\u8b8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5171\u632f\u983b\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u822c\u7a31\u6b64\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u4f4d\u65bc\u9ad8\u5834\u5340(Upfield)\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u906e\u853d\u6548\u61c9\u8d8a\u5c0f\u7684\uff0c\u78c1\u5834\u6548\u61c9\u8b8a\u5927\uff0c\u6838\u81ea\u65cb\u614b\u5206\u96e2\u80fd\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5171\u632f\u983b\u7387\u8b8a\u5927\uff1b\u6b64\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u4f4d\u65bc\u4f4e\u5834\u5340(Downfield)\u3002\uff08\u5716\u4e8c\uff09<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

\u5716\u4e8c\u3001\u906e\u853d\u6548\u61c9\u8207\u5316\u5b78\u4f4d\u79fb\u95dc\u4fc2\u5716\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n

\u6211\u5011\u4ee51<\/sup>H\u70ba\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5206\u5b50\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b1<\/sup>H\u6240\u8655\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u5468\u906d\u96fb\u5b50\u96f2\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u9e75\u5316\u7269\u7b49\u5b98\u80fd\u57fa\u4e0a\u76841<\/sup>H\uff08\u5716\u4e09\u4e2d\u7684Ha\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u548c\u9ad8\u96fb\u8ca0\u5ea6\u7684\u9e75\u7d20\u76f8\u9130\uff0c\u6c2b\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u96f2\u53d7\u9e75\u7d20\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u96fb\u5b50\u96f2\u7684\u906e\u853d\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u6545\u5176\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\u8f03\u8ddd\u9e75\u7d20\u8f03\u9060\u7684\u6c2b\u4f4d\u65bc\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f4e\u5834\u5340\u3002\uff08\u5716\u4e09\uff09<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

\u5716\u4e09\u30011-\u6c2f\u5316\u620a\u70f7(1-chloropentane)\u7684\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6c2b\u5149\u8b5c(1H NMR spectrum)\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n

\u5316\u5b78\u4f4d\u79fb\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u906e\u853d\u6548\u61c9\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5171\u632f\u983b\u7387\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u55ae\u4f4d\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u983b\u7387\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8d6b\u8332(Hz)\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u906e\u853d\u6548\u61c9\u7522\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5dee\u6975\u5c0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u6709\u78c1\u5834\u9020\u6210\u7684\u80fd\u968e\u5dee\u7684\u5341\u842c\u81f3 \u767e\u842c\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u5927\u5c0f\u800c\u6709\u6240\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u9084\u597d\u5b83\u5011\u4e92\u76f8\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u4f4d\u79fb\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5229\u7528\u6bd4\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u74b0\u5883\u9020\u6210\u7684\u80fd\u968e\u5dee\u7684\u5927 \u5c0f\u9664\u4ee5\u78c1\u5834\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u80fd\u968e\u5dee\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5927\u591a\u843d\u5728\u767e\u842c\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u9019\u500b\u6578\u91cf\u7d1a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u55ae\u4f4d\u63a1\u7528ppm\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f7f\u7528\u56db\u7532\u57fa\u77fd\u70f7 (tetramethylsilane, Si(CH3<\/sub>)4<\/sub>, TMS)\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u5c0d\u6a19\u6e96\uff1b\u5c07\u5176\u5316\u5b78\u4f4d\u79fb\u8a02\u70ba0 ppm\u3002\u56db\u7532\u57fa\u77fd\u70f7\u7684\u6c2b\u5e36\u6709\u9817\u9ad8\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8ca0\u96fb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c07\u5176\u5b9a\u70ba\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u4f4d\u79fb\u843d\u5728\u6b63\u6578\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\u7531\u65bc\u800c\u4e14\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6c2b\u4e00\u5171\u6709\u5341\u4e8c\u500b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u76f8\u7576\u5c11\u91cf\u5230\u6a23\u54c1\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u8a0a\u865f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5316\u5b78\u4f4d\u79fb\u53d7\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u74b0\u5883\u751a\u5de8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5716\u4e09\u4e2d1-\u6c2f\u5316\u620a\u70f7\u7684\u6c2b\u53ef\u5340\u5206\u6210\u4e94\u7a2e\u5316\u5b78\u74b0\u5883\uff1aHa\u3001Hb\u3001Hc\u3001Hd\u3001He\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dHc\u548cHd\u5316\u5b78\u74b0\u5883\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6709\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684 \u5316\u5b78\u4f4d\u79fb\uff0c\u5176\u5316\u5b78\u4f4d\u79fb\u5206\u5225\u5982\u4e0b\uff1aHa = 3.522 ppm\uff0cHb = 1.78 ppm\uff0cHc\u3001Hd = 1.60-1.10 ppm\uff0cHe = 0.93 ppm\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong>
\n1. Lambert, J. B.; Shurvell, H. F.; Lightner, D. A.; Cooks, R. G. Organic Structural Spectroscopy, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, 1998.
\n2. Wade, L. G., Jr. Organic Chemistry, 6th edition; Pearson Education International: Upper Saddle River, 2006; Chapter 13.
\n3. Zumdahl, S. S. Chemical Principles, 5th edition; Houghton Mifflin Company: Boston, 2003; p. 692.
\n4. \u5716\u4e09\uff1aSpectral Database for organic compounds (SDBS) http:\/\/riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp\/sdbs\/cgi-bin\/cre_index.cgi<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5316\u5b78\u4f4d\u79fb (Chemical Shift) \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u5b78\u58eb\u751f\u5f35\u80b2\u5510\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,78,77],"tags":[4445,11073,4444],"class_list":["post-40787","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry08-01","category-chemistry08","tag-chemical-shift","tag-11073","tag-4444","avhec_catgroup-all","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-78","cat-77","no-thumbnail"],"views":70456,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40787","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40787"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40787\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":87784,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40787\/revisions\/87784"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}