{"id":38844,"date":"2011-08-21T15:39:43","date_gmt":"2011-08-21T07:39:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=38844"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:24:04","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:24:04","slug":"%e7%90%86%e6%83%b3%e6%b0%a3%e9%ab%94%e6%96%b9%e7%a8%8b%e5%bc%8f%ef%bc%88ideal-gas-law%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e7%90%86%e6%83%b3%e6%b0%a3%e9%ab%94%e6%96%b9%e7%a8%8b%e5%bc%8f%ef%bc%88ideal-gas-law%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f (Ideal gas law)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u81fa\u4e2d\u7e23\u7e23\u7acb\u4e2d\u6e2f\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u738b\u5c0a\u4fe1\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u6d2a\u9023\u8f1d\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8b02\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u662f\u6307\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u58d3\u529b \\((P)\\)\u3001\u9ad4\u7a4d \\((V)\\)\u3001\u83ab\u723e\u6578 \\((n)\\) \u8207\u7d55\u5c0d\u6eab\u5ea6 \\((T)\\) \u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6eff\u8db3 \\(PV=nRT\\) \u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u95dc\u4fc2\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\\(R\\) \u70ba\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\u5e38\u6578 \\(=0.082~\\text{atm-L\/mole-K}\\) \u6216 \\(8.31~\\text{J\/mole-K}\\)\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u662f\u6839\u64da\u6ce2\u4ee5\u723e\u5b9a\u5f8b(Boyle&#8217;s law)\u8207\u67e5\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b(Charles&#8217;s law)\u7d50\u5408\u800c\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\u8207\u771f\u5be6\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u6c23\u9ad4\u5206\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u4f54\u7684\u9ad4\u7a4d\uff0c\u53ea\u8003\u616e\u6c23\u9ad4\u5206\u5b50\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u9ad4\u7a4d\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6c23\u9ad4\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u4f54\u7684\u9ad4\u7a4d\u4e26\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\u5206\u5b50\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u771f\u5be6\u6c23\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c23\u9ad4\u5206\u5b50\u9593\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u51e1\u5fb7\u74e6\u529b(Van der Waals force)\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u7576\u771f\u5be6\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u51e1\u5fb7\u74e6\u529b\u8f03\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u63a5\u8fd1\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u9ad8\u6eab\u8207\u4f4e\u58d3\u6642\uff0c\u771f\u5be6\u6c23\u9ad4\u63a5\u8fd1\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u63a5\u8fd1\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8b02\u6ce2\u4ee5\u723e\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u6307:\u5b9a\u91cf\u5b9a\u6eab\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\uff0c\u58d3\u529b\u8207\u9ad4\u7a4d\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa:\u58d3\u529b\u6108\u5927\u9ad4\u7a4d\u53cd\u800c\u6108\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373 \\(P_1V_1=P_2V_2\\)\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u9a57\u8b49\u6642\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53cd\u6bd4\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u78ba\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u591a\u6539\u70ba\u58d3\u529b\u8207\u9ad4\u7a4d\u7684\u5012\u6578\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373 \\(P\\) \u8207 \\(\\frac{1}{V}\\) \u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8b02\u67e5\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u53c8\u53eb\u505a\u67e5\u7406\u7d66\u5442\u85a9\u514b\u5b9a\u5f8b(Charles and Gay-Lussac&#8217;s law)\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\u5169\u500b\u5b50\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u5b9a\u58d3\u67e5\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5247\u662f\u5b9a\u5bb9\u67e5\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8b02\u5b9a\u58d3\u67e5\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u6307:\u5b9a\u91cf\u5b9a\u58d3\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\uff0c\u9ad4\u7a4d\u8207\u7d55\u5c0d\u6eab\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa:\u6eab\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\u9ad4\u7a4d\u6108\u5927\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373 \\(\\frac{V_1}{V_2}=\\frac{T_1}{T_2}\\)\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u6210\u5b9a\u58d3\u6c23\u9ad4\u6eab\u5ea6\u8a08\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u71d2\u74f6\u52a0\u4e00\u6839\u73bb\u7483\u7ba1\u8207\u8272\u67f1\u6240\u505a\u6210\u3002\u6c23\u9ad4\u6eab\u5ea6\u8a08\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u6eab\u5ea6\u8a08\u9748\u654f\uff0c\u6545\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u5be6\u969b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u8a08\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8b02\u5b9a\u5bb9\u67e5\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u6307:\u5b9a\u91cf\u5b9a\u5bb9\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\uff0c\u58d3\u529b\u8207\u7d55\u5c0d\u6eab\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa:\u6eab\u5ea6\u6108\u9ad8\u58d3\u529b\u6108\u5927\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373 \\(\\frac{P_1}{P_2}=\\frac{T_1}{T_2}\\)\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u6210\u5b9a\u5bb9\u6c23\u9ad4\u6eab\u5ea6\u8a08\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u958b\u7ba1\u58d3\u529b\u8a08\u5341\u5206\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5229\u7528\u5b9a\u5bb9\u67e5\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8207\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u9ad4\u81a8\u8139 \\(V=V_0(1+\\gamma T)\\)\uff0c\u4f46\u9808\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u9019\u88e1\u7684 \\(T\\) \u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u651d\u6c0f\u6eab\u6a19 \\(=\\) \u7d55\u5c0d\u6eab\u6a19 \\(-273\\)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c42\u51fa\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u9ad4\u81a8\u8139\u4fc2\u6578 \\(=\\frac{1}{273}\\)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5229\u7528\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6c42\u51fa\u7d55\u5c0d\u96f6\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u6839\u64da\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u6eab\u5ea6\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u8ca0\u503c\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6eab\u5ea6\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9a\u7fa9\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5247\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u8ca0\u6eab\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5316\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u58d3\u529b\u6163\u7528\u55ae\u4f4d\u70ba\u5927\u6c23\u58d3 \\((atm)\\)\u3001\u9ad4\u7a4d\u6163\u7528\u55ae\u4f4d\u70ba\u516c\u5347 \\((L)\\)\u3001\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u6163\u7528\u55ae\u4f4d\u70ba\u514b\u6c0f\u6eab\u6a19 \\((K)\\)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\u5e38\u6578\u7684\u6163\u7528\u55ae\u4f4d\u70ba\u5927\u6c23\u58d3-\u516c\u5347\/\u83ab\u723e-K \\(\\text{(atm-L\/mole-K)}\\)\u3002\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u58d3\u529b\u6163\u7528\u55ae\u4f4d\u70ba\u5e15 \\((Pa)\\)\u3001\u9ad4\u7a4d\u6163\u7528\u55ae\u4f4d\u70ba\u7acb\u65b9\u516c\u5c3a \\((m^3)\\)\u3001\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u6163\u7528\u55ae\u4f4d\u70ba\u514b\u6c0f\u6eab\u6a19 \\((K)\\)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\u5e38\u6578\u7684\u6163\u7528\u55ae\u4f4d\u70ba\u7126\u8033\/\u83ab\u723e-K \\(\\text{(J\/mole-K)}\\)\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ideal_gas_law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\nhttp:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ideal_gas_law<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f (Ideal gas law) \u81fa\u4e2d\u7e23\u7e23\u7acb\u4e2d\u6e2f\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u738b\u5c0a\u4fe1\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,16,107],"tags":[8507,4267,2218,2155],"class_list":["post-38844","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-physics03-02","category-physics03","category-physics00","tag-ideal-gas","tag-ideal-gas-law","tag-2218","tag-2155","avhec_catgroup-all","loop-entry","cat-18","cat-16","cat-107","no-thumbnail"],"views":194864,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38844","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38844"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38844\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":87985,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38844\/revisions\/87985"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38844"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38844"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38844"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}