{"id":38798,"date":"2011-08-28T14:44:52","date_gmt":"2011-08-28T06:44:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=38798"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:23:09","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:23:09","slug":"%e6%ad%90%e5%b0%bc%e6%96%af-heike-kamerlingh-onnes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e6%ad%90%e5%b0%bc%e6%96%af-heike-kamerlingh-onnes\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6b50\u5c3c\u65af Heike Kamerlingh Onnes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u6b50\u5c3c\u65af Heike Kamerlingh Onnes <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8a31\u5609\u6995\u7814\u7a76\u751f\/\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u6d2a\u9023\u8f1d\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/281.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-38799\" title=\"28\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/281.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"189\" height=\"267\" \/><\/a>\u6b50\u5c3c\u65af\u662f\u8377\u862d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u8d85\u5c0e\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u8005\uff0c\u4f4e\u6eab\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u30021\u4ed6\u5229\u7528\u6db2\u6c26\u91cf\u6e2c\u6c34\u9280\u5728\u6975\u4f4e\u6eab\u6642\u7684\u96fb\u6027\uff0c\u7576\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u5230 $$4.2~K$$ \u6642\u6c34\u9280\u7684\u96fb\u963b\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u7a31\u70ba\u8d85\u5c0e\u96fb\u6027\u3002\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u96fb\u6027\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u8d85\u5c0e\u614b\uff08superconducting state\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u8d85\u5c0e\u614b\u548c\u6b63\u5e38\u614b\u76f8\u8b8a\u7684\u8f49\u63db\u6eab\u5ea6\u70ba\u8d85\u5c0e\u81e8\u754c\u6eab\u5ea6\uff08superconducting critical temperature\uff0c\u4ee5 $$T_c$$\u00a0\u8868\u793a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9678\u7e8c\u5728 1913 \u5e74\uff0c\u6b50\u5c3c\u65af\u767c\u73fe\u925b\uff08Pb, $$T_c=7.2~K$$\uff09\u548c\u932b\uff08Sn, $$T_c=3.8~K$$\uff09\u4e00\u6a23\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u5c0e\u6027\u30021913 \u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6b50\u5c3c\u65af\u5c0d\u7269\u8cea\u5728\u4f4e\u6eab\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u6db2\u5316\u6c26\u6c23\uff0c\u6b50\u5c3c\u65af\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u6b50\u5c3c\u65af\uff081853\uff0d1926\uff09\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u8377\u862d\u7684\u683c\u7f85\u5be7\u6839\u30021870 \u5e74\u9032\u5165\u683c\u7f85\u5be7\u6839\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u524d\u5f80\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\uff0c\u8ddf\u96a8\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u672c\u751f\u548c\u514b\u5e0c\u8377\u592b\u5b78\u7fd2\u30021876 \u5e74\uff0c\u6602\u5167\u65af\u5f9e\u683c\u7f85\u5be7\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u672c\u79d1\u7562\u696d\uff0c1879 \u5e74\u53c8\u5728\u8a72\u6821\u7372\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u662f\u300c\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f49\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1882 \u5e74\uff0c\u6b50\u5c3c\u65af\u6210\u70ba\u8377\u862d\u840a\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u8ca0\u8cac\u4eba\uff0c\u5c07\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7684\u4e3b\u653b\u65b9\u5411\u5b9a\u70ba\u4f4e\u6eab\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u3002\u7576\u6642\u7372\u5f97\u4f4e\u6eab\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u662f\u6db2\u5316\u6c23\u9ad4\uff0c1882 \u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6c2b\u6c23\u548c\u6c26\u6c23\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u6db2\u5316\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u675c\u74e6\u7d93\u904e\u4e8c\u5341\u9918\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728 1898 \u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u6db2\u5316\u4e86\u6c2b\u6c23\u3002\u840a\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5728\u6b50\u5c3c\u65af\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4e0b\u8fc5\u901f\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u65bc 1894 \u5e74\u5275\u5efa\u4e86\u840a\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u4f4e\u6eab\u7269\u7406\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5927\u578b\u6db2\u5316\u6c23\u5de5\u5ee0\uff0c1904 \u5e74\u6db2\u5316\u4e86\u6c27\u6c23\uff0c\u5169\u5e74\u5f8c\u53c8\u6db2\u5316\u4e86\u6c2b\u6c23\uff0c\u4e26\u5728 1908 \u5e74 7 \u6708 10 \u65e5\u9996\u6b21\u6db2\u5316\u4e86\u6c26\u6c23\uff0c\u5728 1908 \u5e74 7 \u6708 10 \u65e5\u4ed6\u5229\u7528\u7126\u8033-\u6e6f\u59c6\u905c\u6548\u61c9\u4f7f\u7528\u6f22\u666e\u68ee-\u6797\u5fb7\u5faa\u74b0\u548c\u4f4e\u6eab\u6046\u6eab\u5668\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9996\u6b21\u6db2\u5316\u4e86\u6c26\u6c23\uff0c\u4ee5 $$-269^\\circ C$$ $$(4~K)$$\u5237\u65b0\u4e86\u4eba\u9020\u4f4e\u6eab\u7684\u65b0\u7d00\u9304\u3002\u96a8\u5f8c\u53c8\u7528\u6db2\u6c26\u7372\u5f97\u4e86 $$0.9~K$$ \u7684\u66f4\u4f4e\u6eab\u3002\u6b50\u5c3c\u65af\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u96f6\u5ea6\u5148\u751f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1911 \u5e74\uff0c\u6602\u5167\u65af\u5229\u7528\u6db2\u6c26\u5c07\u91d1\u548c\u9251\u51b7\u537b\u5230 $$4.3~K$$ \u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u9251\u7684\u96fb\u963b\u70ba\u4e00\u5e38\u6578\u3002\u96a8\u5f8c\u4ed6\u53c8\u5c07\u6c5e\u537b\u5230 $$4.2~K$$ \u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6e2c\u91cf\u5230\u5176\u96fb\u963b\u5e7e\u4e4e\u964d\u70ba\u96f6\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u8d85\u5c0e\u73fe\u8c61\u30021913 \u5e74\uff0c\u6602\u5167\u65af\u53c8\u767c\u73fe\u932b\u548c\u925b\u4e5f\u548c\u6c5e\u4e00\u6a23\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u5c0e\u6027\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5c0d\u7269\u8cea\u5728\u4f4e\u6eab\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u6db2\u5316\u6c26\u6c23\uff0c\u6602\u5167\u65af\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b50\u5c3c\u65af\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4e0b\uff0c\u840a\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u6210\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u4f4e\u6eab\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u30021923 \u5e74\uff0c\u6b50\u5c3c\u65af\u9000\u4f11\uff0c1926 \u5e74\u5728\u840a\u9813\u901d\u4e16\u3002\u70ba\u7d00\u5ff5\u4ed6\uff0c\u840a\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4 1932 \u5e74\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u5361\u672b\u6797\u2027\u6b50\u5c3c\u65af\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%9C%AB%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E6%98%82%E5%85%A7%E6%96%AF\" target=\"_blank\">1. http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6 &#8230; 2%E5%85%A7%E6%96%AF<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.shs.edu.tw\/works\/essay\/2007\/10\/2007100915242361.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">2. http:\/\/www.shs.edu.tw\/works\/essay\/2007\/10\/2007100915242361.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6b50\u5c3c\u65af Heike Kamerlingh Onnes \u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8a31\u5609\u6995\u7814\u7a76\u751f\/\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[107,46,47],"tags":[4246,4245,2585],"class_list":["post-38798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-physics00","category-physics12","category-physics12-01","tag-heike-kamerlingh-onnes","tag-4245","tag-2585","avhec_catgroup-all","loop-entry","cat-107","cat-46","cat-47","no-thumbnail"],"views":4206,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38798","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38798"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38798\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":87929,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38798\/revisions\/87929"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38798"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38798"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38798"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}