{"id":3847,"date":"2009-03-04T06:26:43","date_gmt":"2009-03-03T22:26:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=3847"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:50:31","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:50:31","slug":"%e5%9d%87%e8%ae%8a%e8%ab%96%ef%bc%88uniformitarianism%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e5%9d%87%e8%ae%8a%e8%ab%96%ef%bc%88uniformitarianism%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\uff08Uniformitarianism\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\uff08Uniformitarianism\uff09<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u570b\u7acb\u53f0\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u5730\u7403\u79d1\u5b78\u6240\u79d1\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u7d44\u6797\u84d3\u4f36\u78a9\u58eb\u751f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6<\/strong>\u3000\u3000\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6(Uniformitarianism)\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u73fe\u5728\u6642\u9593\u4e2d\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u9593\u4e2d\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b78\u4e0a\u6642\u5e38\u88ab\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\uff02\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u901a\u5f80\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u4e00\u628a\u9470\u5319\uff02<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u548c\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\u76f8\u4eff\u7684\u5730\u8cea\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81ea1072\u5e74\u6ce2\u65af\u5730\u8cea\u5b78\u5bb6Avicenna\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u91ab\u7642\u4e4b\u66f8(The Book of Healing)\u3002\u5176\u5f8c\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\u88ab18\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u8607\u683c\u862d\u7684\u535a\u7269\u8207\u5730\u8cea\u5b78\u5bb6James Hutton\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\uff0c\u800cJames Hutton\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5f8c\u88abJohn Playfair\u7cbe\u7dfb\u5316\u4e26\u57281830\u88abCharles Lyell\u7684\u5730\u8cea\u539f\u7406\u901a\u4fd7\u5316\u3002\u800c\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6(Uniformitarianism)\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\u7522\u751f\u662f\u7531William Whewell\u57281832\u5e74\u6240\u5275\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u707d\u8b8a\u8ad6\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\u5275\u59cb\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\u7684\u56db\u5927\u4e3b\u8981\u5167\u6db5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\u96d6\u7136\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4ed6\u662f\u7531\u56db\u500b\u540c\u7cfb\u7d71\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u6240\u5408\u6210\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u8207\u9032\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u5b78\u8005Stephen Jay Gould\u57281965\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u56db\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u5167\u6db5<\/p>\n<p>1\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6cd5\u5247(Uniformity of law)<br \/>\n2\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7a2e\u985e(Uniformity of kind)<br \/>\n3\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6(Uniformity of degree)<br \/>\n4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7d50\u679c(Uniformity of result)<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5167\u6db5\u5df2\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u6210\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u7b2c\u56db\u500b\u5167\u6db5\u537b\u666e\u904d\u88ab19\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u524d\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u62d2\u7d55\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u7279\u5225\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u5167\u6db5\u6642\u5e38\u88ab\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u6b64\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u4f46\u572820\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u537b\u6709\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u5011\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\u8207\u707d\u8b8a\u8ad6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5730\u8cea\u5b78\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4ed6\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u4eca\u7684\u5730\u8cea\u904b\u4f5c\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u6642\u9593\u4e2d\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u5f37\u8abf\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u73fe\u4eca\u4e14\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u8cea\u4f5c\u7528\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u707d\u8b8a\u8ad6\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8a31\u591a\u7684\u707d\u96e3\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u537b\u8207\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\u7b26\u5408\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aCharles Lyell\u8a8d\u70ba\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5730\u8cea\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u572810000\u5e74\u5167\u5411\u5f8c\u63a8\u5347\u5c3c\u52a0\u62c9\u74dc\u5927\u7011\u5e03\u81f3\u4e94\u5927\u6e56\u5340\u7684\u4f0a\u5229\u6e56\u4e26\u9020\u6210\u5317\u7f8e\u6d32\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u5340\u707d\u8b8a\u6027\u7684\u6c3e\u6feb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\u662f\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u539f\u7406\uff08principle of actualism\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\u540c\u6a23\u518d\u5f37\u8abf\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u89e3\u91cb\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e26\u4e14\u4e5f\u540c\u70ba\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7406\u8ad6<\/p>\n<p>\u65e9\u5728\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u6ce2\u65af\u7684\u5730\u8cea\u5b78\u5bb6Avicenna\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8457\u4f5c\u91ab\u7642\u4e4b\u66f8(The Book of Healing)\u4e2d\u5c0d\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c71\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u5148\u7d93\u904e\u9577\u6642\u9593\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff1b\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c71\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u6642\u4ed6\u89e3\u91cb\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u6216\u8a31\u9019\u662f\u7d93\u7531\u4e00\u7a2e\u5730\u7403\u5916\u6bbc\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u8b8a\u52d5\u4e5f\u8a31\u5c31\u767c\u751f\u65bc\u67d0\u523a\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u5730\u9707\u6216\u8457\u662f\u6c34\u6d41\u5207\u5272\u8edf\u786c\u4e0d\u4e00\u7684\u5916\u6bbc\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff1b\u4f46\u9019\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6bb5\u5f88\u7684\u9577\u6642\u9593\u5b8c\u6210\u9019\u4e9b\u8b8a\u52d5\u5728\u8b8a\u52d5\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5c07\u6703\u6709\u6240\u6539\u8b8a\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u7a0d\u5f8c\u5728\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u535a\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u6c88\u62ec\u4e5f\u8a8d\u53ef\u4e86\u6df1\u9083\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5730\u8cea\u6982\u5ff5(deep time)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u81ea\u91ab\u7642\u4e4b\u66f8(The Book of Healing)\u5728\u5341\u4e8c\u4e16\u7d00\u88ab\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u5f8c\uff0c\u67d0\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u958b\u59cb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6(Uniformitarianism)\u4f46\u76f4\u523018\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u624d\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\u8005\u89e3\u91cb\u6c89\u7a4d\u5ca9\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u5c0d\u5ee3\u5927\u6642\u9593\u5c3a\u5ea6\u300c\u5730\u8cea\u6642\u9593\u300d\u6216\u7a31\u300c\u6df1\u9083\u6642\u9593\u300d\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7406\u8ad6\u90fd\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u6642\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u5148\u9a45James Hutton\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u5176\u5f8c\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u57281830\u88abCharles Lyell\u7684\u5730\u8cea\u539f\u7406\u901a\u4fd7\u5316\u4e26\u5f71\u97ff\u5f8c\u9762\u7684Charles Darwin\u3002\u572818\u300119\u4e16\u7d00\u6642\u662f\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\u8207\u707d\u8b8a\u8ad6\u5169\u8005\u5f37\u70c8\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\u8207\u7576\u4ee3\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6240\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u707d\u8b8a\u8ad6\u8f03\u96e3\u4ee5\u59a5\u5354\u3002\u4f46\u6642\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5df2\u63a5\u53d7\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5c31\u6709\u5982\u7576\u521d\u707d\u8b8a\u8ad6\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u4e3b\u6d41\u4e00\u822c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5927\u9678\u6f02\u79fb\u8aaa\u88ab\u8a8d\u53ef\u768420\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u76f8\u4fe1\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u4e00\u76f4\u7dad\u6301\u4ed6\u539f\u5148\u88ab\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6a23\u8c8c\u3002\u800c\u5c71\u8207\u8868\u9762\u6298\u76ba\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u81ea\u7194\u878d\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u5730\u8868\u51b7\u537b\u5f8c\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u73fe\u4eca\u6211\u5011\u5927\u591a\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u662f\u5730\u5e54\uff08mantle\uff09\u662f\u9ecf\u7a20\u4e14\u6703\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\uff0c\u5730\u6bbc\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\u501f\u8457\u50b3\u9001\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u7de9\u6162\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\u8457\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u89e3\u91cb\u5c0e\u81f4\u5730\u7403\u5916\u90e8\u5730\u6bbc\u6703\u6709\u904b\u52d5\u64e0\u58d3\u4e0a\u5347\u9677\u843d\u7b49\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90:<\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uniformitarianism_(science)\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uniformitarianism_(science)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\uff08Uniformitarianism\uff09 \u570b\u7acb\u53f0\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u5730\u7403\u79d1\u5b78\u6240\u79d1\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u7d44\u6797\u84d3\u4f36\u78a9\u58eb\u751f \u5747\u8b8a\u8ad6\u3000\u3000\u5747\u8b8a&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96,109,92],"tags":[1715,2700],"class_list":["post-3847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earthscience03-04","category-earthscience00","category-earthscience03","tag-1715","tag-2700","loop-entry","cat-96","cat-109","cat-92","no-thumbnail"],"views":11624,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3847","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3847"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3847\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":91296,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3847\/revisions\/91296"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3847"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3847"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3847"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}