{"id":38385,"date":"2011-08-26T17:36:06","date_gmt":"2011-08-26T09:36:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=38385"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:23:12","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:23:12","slug":"%e5%85%8b%e5%b8%8c%e4%bd%95%e5%a4%ab-gustav-robert-kirchhoff","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e5%85%8b%e5%b8%8c%e4%bd%95%e5%a4%ab-gustav-robert-kirchhoff\/","title":{"rendered":"\u514b\u5e0c\u4f55\u592b Gustav Robert Kirchhoff"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u514b\u5e0c\u4f55\u592b Gustav Robert Kirchhoff<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8a31\u5609\u6995\u7814\u7a76\u751f\/\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u6d2a\u9023\u8f1d\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/141.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-38386\" title=\"14\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/141.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"176\" height=\"249\" \/><\/a>\u514b\u5e0c\u4f55\u592b\uff1c1824 \u20131887\uff1e\u5fb7\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u96fb\u5b78\u3001\u5149\u8b5c\u5b78\u53ca\u6eab\u8f3b\u5c04\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u767c\u5c55\u5149\u8b5c\u5100\uff0c\u958b\u5275\u5149\u8b5c\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\uff1b\u4e0d\u50c5\u767c\u73fe\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u92ab\u548c\u92a3\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u5149\u8b5c\u4e09\u5b9a\u5f8b\u53ca\u9ed1\u9ad4\u71b1\u8f3b\u5c04\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u767c\u8868\u7684\u5169\u500b\u96fb\u8def\u5b9a\u5f8b\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u6b50\u59c6\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u4ed6\u9084\u767c\u73fe\uff1a\u96fb\u8def\u50b3\u96fb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u5149\u901f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u514b\u5e0c\u4f55\u592b 1824 \u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u5fb7\u570b\u6771\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\u5f8b\u5e2b\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u7562\u696d\u65bc\u963f\u723e\u4f2f\u7279\u5927\u5b78\u65af\u5821\uff0c1845 \u9084\u662f\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u6642\uff0c\u514b\u5e0c\u4f55\u592b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u514b\u5e0c\u4f55\u592b\u96fb\u8def\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c0d\u89e3\u96fb\u8def\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7528\uff0c\u904b\u7528\u5728\u73fe\u5728\u96fb\u6c23\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u935b\u7149\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u4ed6\u53c3\u52a0\u6578\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7684\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u935b\u7149\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u53d7\u8058\u5728\u5e03\u96f7\u65af\u52de\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u66f8\u3002\u4ed6\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u96fb\u5b50\u4fe1\u865f\u5728\u65c5\u904a\u7dda\u6cbf\u7dda\u7684\u96fb\u7dda\u5728\u5149\u901f\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b78\u8207\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u672c\u751f\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u65bc 1861 \u514b\u5e0c\u4f55\u592b\u548c\u672c\u751f\u4e00\u8d77\u767c\u73fe\u92ab\u548c\u92a3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u5c08\u6ce8\u5728\u592a\u967d\u5149\u8b5c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u514b\u5e0c\u4f55\u592b\u5149\u8b5c\u4e09\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5149\u8b5c\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u5149\u7684\u767d\u71be\u71c8\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u500b\u56fa\u614b\u7269\u9ad4\u7522\u751f\u5149\u71b1\u8207\u9023\u7e8c\u8b5c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u500b\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\u7522\u751f\u5149\u71b1\u8207\u5728\u96e2\u6563\u8b5c\u7dda\u7684\u6ce2\u9577\uff08\u5373\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u984f\u8272\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u80fd\u7d1a\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u500b\u708e\u71b1\u7684\u56fa\u614b\u7269\u9ad4\u5468\u570d\u6dbc\u723d\u7a00\u8584\u6c23\u9ad4\uff08\u5373\u6eab\u5ea6\u6bd4\u71b1\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\uff09\u7522\u751f\u5149\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u5149\u8b5c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5df2\u9699\u6ce2\u9577\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u96e2\u6563\u80fd\u7d1a\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u514b\u5e0c\u4f55\u592b\u89e3\u91cb\u6ce2\u8033\u539f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5c0e\u81f4\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u3002\u514b\u5e0c\u4f55\u592b\u71b1\u5316\u5b78\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u71b1\u8b8a\u5316\u7b49\u65bc\u751f\u6210\u7522\u548c\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u71b1\u5bb9\u91cf\u5dee\uff1a$$d\\Delta H\/dt=\\Delta C_p$$\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u5728 1847 \u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u5169\u500b\u96fb\u8def\u5b9a\u5f8b\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u6b50\u59c6\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5c0d\u96fb\u8def\u7406\u8ad6\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u514b\u5e0c\u8377\u592b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u65bc\u73fe\u4eca\u570b\u4e2d\u7406\u5316\u8ab2\u672c\u4e0a\u4e5f\u90fd\u53ef\u898b\u5230\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u7406\u70ba\u9673\u8ff0\u96fb\u8def\u4e2d\u4e4b\u80fd\u91cf\u5b88\u6046\u53ca\u96fb\u8377\u5b88\u6046\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u70ba\u514b\u5e0c\u8377\u592b\u96fb\u6d41\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3008\u5373\u7bc0\u9ede\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3009\uff1a\u5728\u96fb\u8def\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4efb\u4e00\u7d50\u9ede\uff0c\u6d41\u5165\u4e4b\u7e3d\u96fb\u6d41\u7b49\u65bc\u6d41\u51fa\u4e4b\u7e3d\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u5373 $$\\sum i_{in}=\\sum i_{out}$$\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\u70ba\u514b\u5e0c\u8377\u592b\u96fb\u58d3\u5b9a\u5f8b(\u5373\u8ff4\u8def\u5b9a\u5f8b)\uff1a\u6cbf\u96fb\u8def\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4efb\u4e00\u5c01\u9589\u8def\u5f91(\u8ff4\u8def)\uff0c\u5176\u96fb\u4f4d\u6539\u8b8a\u7e3d\u548c\u70ba\u96f6\uff0c\u5373 $$\\sum\\varepsilon-\\sum iR=0$$\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u5169\u9805\u5b9a\u5f8b\u65bc\u96fb\u8def\u5b78\u4e0a\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u898b\uff01\u5728\u5149\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u514b\u5e0c\u8377\u592b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u99ac\u514b\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u65b9\u7a0b\u7d44\u4e2d\u6d77\u66f4\u53f8\u539f\u5247\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u514b\u5e0c\u8377\u592b\u65bc 1887 \u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u88ab\u5b89\u846c\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u8056\u99ac\u7279\u70cf\u65af\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/152.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38388\" title=\"15\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/152.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"544\" height=\"340\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<br \/>\n<\/strong>1. <a href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%8C%E8%8D%B7%E5%A4%AB\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%8C%E8%8D%B7%E5%A4%AB<\/a><br \/>\n2. <a href=\"http:\/\/ezphysics.nchu.edu.tw\/physiweb\/down\/html\/kischoff.htm\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/ezphysics.nchu.edu.tw\/physiweb\/down\/html\/kischoff.htm<\/a><br \/>\n3. <a href=\"http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/zh-tw\/%E5%9F%BA%E7%88%BE%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/zh-tw\/%E &#8230; F%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u514b\u5e0c\u4f55\u592b Gustav Robert Kirchhoff \u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8a31\u5609\u6995\u7814\u7a76\u751f\/\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[107,46,47],"tags":[4182,4181,2585],"class_list":["post-38385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-physics00","category-physics12","category-physics12-01","tag-gustav-robert-kirchhoff","tag-4181","tag-2585","loop-entry","cat-107","cat-46","cat-47","no-thumbnail"],"views":5070,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38385"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":87953,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38385\/revisions\/87953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38385"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}