{"id":3514,"date":"2008-07-21T12:34:02","date_gmt":"2008-07-21T04:34:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=3514"},"modified":"2021-10-06T15:59:18","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T07:59:18","slug":"%e9%9b%bb%e5%ad%90%e7%b5%84%e6%85%8b%ef%bc%88electron-configuration%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e9%9b%bb%e5%ad%90%e7%b5%84%e6%85%8b%ef%bc%88electron-configuration%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u614b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u614b (Electron configuration)<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u570b\u7acb\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u8463\u9a30\u5143\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u614b (electron configuration)\u662f\u6307\u96fb\u5b50\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7406\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c64\u96fb\u5b50\u6bbc\u5c64\u4e2d\u7684\u6392\u5217\u9806\u5e8f\u53ca\u6392\u5217\u5f62\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u96fb\u5b50\u4f54\u6709\u8ecc\u57df (orbital)\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u96fb\u5b50\u540c\u6642\u5177\u6709\u6ce2\u52d5\u6027\u548c\u7c92\u5b50\u6027\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u9808\u9075\u5b88\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78(Quantum mechanics)\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96fb\u5b50\u80fd\u5920\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u5149\u5b50(photon)\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u8ecc\u57df\u80fd\u968e (energy level)\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8ecc\u57df\u80fd\u968e\u4e26\u4e14\u767c\u5c04 (emission)\u6216\u5438\u6536 (absorption)\u4e00\u500b\u91cf\u5b50 (quantum)\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff1b\u7531\u65bc\u5305\u7acb\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406(Pauli exclusion principle)\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5169\u500b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u67d0\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u8ecc\u57df\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u53ea\u53ef\u6fc0\u767c(excitation)\u6216\u9b06\u5f1b(relaxation)\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u7a7a\u7f3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u8ecc\u57df\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\n\u77e5\u9053\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u614b\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u77ad\u89e3\u5143\u7d20\u9031\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u6709\u7528\u65bc\u63cf\u8ff0\u5404\u7a2e\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u591a\u500b\u5316\u5b78\u9375\u3002\u82e5\u96fb\u5b50\u672a\u53d7\u5230\u6fc0\u767c\u800c\u8655\u65bc\u80fd\u91cf\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u5b89\u5b9a\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u6b64\u7a31\u70ba\u57fa\u614b (ground state)\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u82e5\u96fb\u5b50\u53d7\u5230\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u6fc0\u767c\u800c\u8655\u65bc\u80fd\u91cf\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5247\u7a31\u70ba\u6fc0\u614b(excited state)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u66f8\u5beb\u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u614b\u6642\uff0c\u7fd2\u6163\u7531\u6578\u5b57\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u4e3b\u5c64\u958b\u59cb\u5beb\u8d77\uff0c\u6b21\u4f9d\u4e3b\u5c64\u6578\u9010\u6f38\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u518d\u5c07\u5404\u8ecc\u57df\u6240\u542b\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u6578\u6a19\u793a\u65bc\u8ecc\u57df\u7b26\u865f\u7684\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aBe \u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u614b\u70ba1s22s2\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u9239\u76841s\u8ecc\u57df\u548c2s\u8ecc\u57df\u5404\u67092\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u6545\u5176\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u70ba4\uff0c\u5171\u67094\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u614b\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u614b\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u61c9\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u500b\u898f\u5247\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u905e\u5efa\u539f\u7406 (Aufbau principle)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4f9d\u8ecc\u57df\u80fd\u968e\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u6703\u5faa\u5e8f\u5148\u9032\u5165\u8f03\u4f4e\u80fd\u968e\u7684\u8ecc\u57df\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u518d\u7471\u5165\u80fd\u968e\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u8ecc\u57df\uff0c\u5373 \u6574\u500b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8d8a\u4f4e\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u65b0\u586b\u5165\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u586b\u5728\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u7a7a\u8ecc\u9053\u4e0a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u5305\u7acb\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406 (Pauli exclusion principle)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>1\u500b\u8ecc\u57df\u81f3\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u5bb9\u7d0d2\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u4e14\u6b642\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u65b9\u5411\u5fc5\u9808\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u540c1\u500b\u8ecc\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5169\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u56db\u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u6578\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u59821s1\u62161s2\u53ef\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f461s3\u5247\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u5305\u7acb\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u6d2a\u5fb7\u5b9a\u5247 (Hund&#8217;s Rule) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u6578\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u586b\u5165\u76f8\u540c\u80fd\u968e\u7684\u6578\u500b\u540c\u578b\u8ecc\u57df\u6642\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u5148\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u9032\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u5404\u500b\u8ecc\u57df\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u5404\u8ecc\u57df\u5747\u67091\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u5141\u8a31\u81ea\u65cb\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u518d\u9032\u5165\u800c\u6210\u5c0d\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4f54\u64da\u4e0d\u540c\u8ecc\u9053\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u65cb\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982p\u8ecc\u57df\u67092\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u7d44\u614bnpx1npx1\u80fd\u91cf\u8f03\u4f4e\uff0c\u800cnpx2\u5247\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u6d2a\u5fb7\u5b9a\u5247\uff08\u6fc0\u614b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u614b (Electron configuration) \u570b\u7acb\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u8463\u9a30\u5143\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f \u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u614b (&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,55,54],"tags":[4443,7972,7869,7971,1073],"class_list":["post-3514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry02-01","category-chemistry02","tag-aufbau-principle","tag-electron-configuration","tag-hunds-rule","tag-pauli","tag-1073","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-55","cat-54","no-thumbnail"],"views":29481,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3514","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3514"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3514\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":85648,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3514\/revisions\/85648"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}