{"id":34198,"date":"2011-01-16T08:22:39","date_gmt":"2011-01-16T00:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=34198"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:29:04","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:29:04","slug":"%e8%aa%b0%e6%98%af%e6%8b%89%e9%a6%ac%e5%85%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e8%aa%b0%e6%98%af%e6%8b%89%e9%a6%ac%e5%85%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8ab0\u662f\u62c9\u99ac\u514b?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u8ab0\u662f\u62c9\u99ac\u514b?<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u77e5\u8b58\u901a\u8a0a\u8a55\u8ad6\u7b2c83\u671f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2011\u5e74\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u71b1\u70c8\u7d00\u5ff5\u9054\u723e\u6587\u8a95\u751f\u5169\u767e\u9031\u5e74\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u300a\u7269\u7a2e\u6e90\u59cb\u300b\u7684\u51fa\u7248150\u9031\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u66f4\u65e9\u63d0\u51fa\u6f14\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\uff0c\u537b\u5168\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u9762\u8c8c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_34199\" style=\"width: 266px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/\u8ab0\u662f\u62c9\u99ac\u514b.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-34199\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34199\" title=\"\u8ab0\u662f\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/\u8ab0\u662f\u62c9\u99ac\u514b.jpg\" width=\"256\" height=\"328\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-34199\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u8ab0\u662f\u62c9\u99ac\u514b?<\/p><\/div>\n<p>1809\u5e748\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\uff08Jean Baptiste Lamarck\uff09\u65bc\u6cd5\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u767c\u8868\u4ed6\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5169\u5927\u518a\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u52d5\u7269\u54f2\u5b78\u300b\uff0c\u4f4620\u5e74\u5f8c\u4ed6\u904e\u4e16\u6642\uff0c\u65e2\u7aae\u53c8\u76f2\uff0c\u9084\u906d\u4e16\u4eba\u595a\u843d\uff0c\u8eab\u65c1\u6eff\u662f\u6578\u767e\u672c\u8ce3\u4e0d\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u907a\u9ad4\u57cb\u846c\u5728\u51fa\u79df\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c5\u5e74\u5f8c\u9084\u6316\u51fa\u8f49\u846c\uff1b\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u5275\u5efa\u7121\u810a\u690e\u52d5\u7269\u5b78\u3001\u767c\u660e\u300c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u5957\u79d1\u5b78\u6f14\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u4eca\u65e5\u4ed6\u7684\u5893\u5730\u88e1\u537b\u662f\u4ed6\u4eba\u9577\u7720\u3002\u300a\u52d5\u7269\u54f2\u5b78\u300b\u540d\u8072\u4ecd\u5f88\u9eef\u6de1\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u5b78\u754c\u5632\u7b11\u3001\u5ffd\u8996\u3001\u8cb6\u6291\uff0c\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u523b\u610f\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u5f8c105\u5e74\u5f8c\u90fd\u672a\u66fe\u8b6f\u70ba\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u53cd\u89c0\u9054\u723e\u6587\uff08Charles Darwin\uff09\u50c5\u82b1\u8cbb77\u5e74\uff0c\u4fbf\u5df2\u8b6f\u70ba\u70cf\u514b\u862d\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u4ee4\u4eba\u767c\u72c2\u3001\u56f0\u60d1\u8207\u8986\u8ff0\u7684\u66f8\u9801\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u96b1\u542b\u8457\u73fe\u4ee3\u6f14\u5316\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4ee5\u7576\u4ee3\u8a9e\u5f59\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u7269\u7a2e\u96a8\u6642\u9593\u6f14\u5316\u3001\u6f14\u5316\u6b65\u9a5f\u7de9\u6162\u800c\u7d30\u5fae\u3001\u6f14\u5316\u56e0\u9806\u61c9\u74b0\u5883\u800c\u751f\u3001\u6f14\u5316\u5927\u591a\u7531\u7c21\u800c\u7e41\uff08\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u4f8b\u5916\uff09\u3001\u7269\u7a2e\u5f7c\u6b64\u56e0\u5171\u540c\u8840\u7de3\u800c\u76f8\u7e6b\uff1b\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u65bc\u4e16\u754c\u6b77\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u59cb\u65bc\u7121\u751f\u6e90\u8aaa\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u6e90\u8d77\u65bc\u7121\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u4f55\u5982\u4eca\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u60f3\u5f62\u540c\u611a\u8822\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\uff1f\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u540d\u8072\u5728\u6b7b\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\u8499\u5875\uff0c\u62a8\u64ca\u62c9\u99ac\u62c9\u6700\u529b\u7684\u5eab\u7dad\u723e\uff08Georges Cuvier\uff09\u65bc1830\u5e74\u4ee3\u6642\uff0c\u66fe\u4ee5\u6cd5\u6587\u8207\u82f1\u6587\u520a\u767b\u300c\u5f14\u8fad\u300d\uff0c\u5f62\u5bb9\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\u300c\u7981\u4e0d\u8d77\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u89e3\u5256\u624b\u90e8\u3001\u5167\u81df\u53ca\u7fbd\u6bdb\u7d93\u9a57\u8005\u7684\u6aa2\u9a57\u300d\uff1b19\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\u6642\uff0c\u9054\u723e\u6587\u5f37\u8abf\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u7684\u300c\u5ee2\u8a71\u300d\u6beb\u7121\u95dc\u806f\uff1b\u5f8c\u4f86\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u7684\u540d\u8072\u56e0\u70ba\u548c\u8607\u806f\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u674e\u68ee\u79d1\uff08Trofim Lysenko\uff09\u9023\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u8072\u671b\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u91cd\u632b\uff1b\u8fd1\u671f\u5f8c\u751f\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u518d\u5ea6\u63d0\u5230\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u7684\u540d\u865f\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u672a\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u986f\u578b\u53ca\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u4e5f\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3001\u5049\u5927\u5730\u8cea\u5b78\u5bb6\u840a\u723e\uff08Charles Lyell\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e74\u8f15\u6642\u66fe\u300c\u4e0d\u65b7\u6bc0\u6ec5\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u5f8c\u4f86\u627f\u8a8d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u767c\u8a00\u5c0d\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u9019\u4f4d\u81ea\u7136\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e26\u4e0d\u516c\u5141\u3002\u840a\u723e\u8a8d\u70ba\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\u53ea\u662f\u8abf\u6574\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4ee4\u9054\u723e\u6587\u76f8\u7576\u61a4\u6012\uff1a\u300c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u7e3d\u6703\u63d0\u5230\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u2026\u4f46\u5728\u6211\u773c\u4e2d\u537b\u6975\u70ba\u8ca7\u4e4f\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u66fe\u5f9e\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u5be6\u6216\u60f3\u6cd5\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u570b\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u6d77\u514b\u723e\uff08Ernst Haeckel\uff09\u4ea6\u76f8\u7576\u652f\u6301\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c07\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u5b8c\u5168\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u9054\u723e\u6587\u4e26\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281902\u5e74\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u88e1\u63d0\u5230\u6240\u6709\u52d5\u7269\u7686\u6709\u5171\u540c\u6e90\u982d\uff0c\u800c\u690d\u7269\u4ea6\u4f86\u81ea\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u7406\u61c9\u7a31\u70ba\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u800c\u5929\u64c7\u7406\u8ad6\u6216\u8a31\u624d\u80fd\u7a31\u70ba\u9054\u723e\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_34200\" style=\"width: 190px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/\u6bd4\u7269\u7a2e\u6e90\u59cb\u9084\u65e9\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u54f2\u5b78.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-34200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34200\" title=\"\u6bd4\u7269\u7a2e\u6e90\u59cb\u9084\u65e9\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u54f2\u5b78\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/\u6bd4\u7269\u7a2e\u6e90\u59cb\u9084\u65e9\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u54f2\u5b78.jpg\" width=\"180\" height=\"268\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-34200\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u6bd4\u7269\u7a2e\u6e90\u59cb\u9084\u65e9\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u54f2\u5b78<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u9577\u671f\u53d7\u5230\u5169\u9805\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u4e3b\u5f35\u74b0\u5883\u76f4\u63a5\u9020\u6210\u907a\u50b3\u8b8a\u7570\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u591a\u6b21\u53cd\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u300c\u7121\u8ad6\u74b0\u5883\u6703\u9020\u6210\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u52d5\u7269\u5f62\u8c8c\u8207\u7d50\u69cb\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u9020\u6210\u76f4\u63a5\u6539\u8b8a\u300d\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9805\u8aa4\u89e3\u8207\u610f\u5fd7\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u8af7\u523a\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6f2b\u756b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6642\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u96bb\u9577\u9838\u9e7f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u60f3\u8981\u5403\u5230\u6a39\u6728\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u7684\u8449\u5b50\uff0c\u5149\u9760\u610f\u5fd7\u4fbf\u5c07\u8116\u5b50\u62c9\u9577\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u932f\u8aa4\u6216\u8a31\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u8a9e\u8a00\u8aa4\u8b6f\uff0c\u5c07\u6cd5\u6587\u300cbesoin\u300d\uff08\u300c\u9700\u8981\u300d\u4e4b\u610f\uff09\u7ffb\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u60f3\u8981\u300d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u56db\u5e74\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4e2d\u7684\u9019\u500b\u8aa4\u8a8d\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u5eab\u7dad\u723e\u5728\u300c\u5f14\u8fad\u300d\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u300cd\u00e9sir\u300d\u4e00\u5b57\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u7136\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u4e5f\u66fe\u72af\u932f\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u9054\u723e\u6587\u90fd\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u7279\u8cea\u662f\u5f8c\u5929\u7fd2\u5f97\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6e90\u65bc\u5b8c\u6eff\u539f\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u60f3\u50cf\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u90fd\u6703\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u5c0d\u62c9\u74e6\u8b1d\uff08Antoine Lavoisier\uff09\u53ca\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78\uff0c\u4e26\u76f8\u4fe1\u79d1\u5b78\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u8ad6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u8fd1\u4f3c\u65bc\u7c73\u52d2\uff08Ken Miller\uff09\u53ca\u67ef\u6797\u65af\uff08Francis Collins\uff09\u7b49\u73fe\u4ee3\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u9077\u5c31\u4e3b\u7fa9(accommodationism)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5783\u573e\u80af\u5b9a\u5927\u65bc\u79d1\u5b78\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u8207\u4e9e\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u3001\u725b\u9813\u3001\u9054\u723e\u6587\u3001\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u3001\u970d\u723e(Fred Hoyle)(\u8a3b:\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u6700\u539f\u5275\u6027\u4e5f\u5f15\u8d77\u722d\u7684\u5929\u6587\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6)\u3001\u67ef\u7acb\u514b(Francis Crick)\u4e26\u7121\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5982\u4e00\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u53ea\u662f\u8f15\u63cf\u6de1\u5beb\u5730\u5e36\u904e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u548c\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u7956\u7236\u4f0a\u62c9\u83ab\u723e\u65af\uff08Erasmus Darwin\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b78\u8a5e\u8a9e\u9032\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u904b\u7528\u8a69\u5316\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\u78ba\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u4e4b\u7236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2011\u5e74\u6709\u5169\u9805\u8207\u9054\u723e\u6587\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6176\u795d\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4e00\u662f2\u670812\u65e5\u7684\u9054\u723e\u5e74200\u5e74\u8a95\u8fb0\uff0c\u4e00\u662f11\u670824\u65e5\u7684\u300a\u7269\u7a2e\u6e90\u59cb\u300b\u51fa\u7248150\u9031\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9019\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u76848\u670814\u65e5\u7406\u61c9\u66ab\u505c\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u56de\u61b6\u9019\u4f4d\u6bd4\u300a\u7269\u7a2e\u6e90\u59cb\u300b\u66f4\u65e950\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u4e0d\u51e1\u898b\u89e3\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u3002<br \/>\n(\u6b64\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u4f11\u58eb\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u7269\u6559\u6388\u90ed\u723e(Dan Graur) \u548c\u6cd5\u570b\u91cc\u6602\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb\u9867\u4f9d(Manolo Gouy)\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u53f0\u62c9\u7dad\u592b\u5927\u5b78\u52d5\u7269\u5b78\u69ae\u8b7d\u6559\u6388\u70cf\u723e(David Wool)\u57282009\u5e748\u67086\u65e5\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u7684\u5c08\u6587)<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8ab0\u662f\u62c9\u99ac\u514b? \u77e5\u8b58\u901a\u8a0a\u8a55\u8ad6\u7b2c83\u671f 2011\u5e74\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u71b1\u70c8\u7d00\u5ff5\u9054\u723e\u6587\u8a95\u751f\u5169\u767e\u9031\u5e74\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u300a\u7269\u7a2e\u6e90\u59cb\u300b\u7684\u51fa\u7248150\u9031&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[165,171,5930],"tags":[3665],"class_list":["post-34198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kreview00","category-kreview06","category-5930","tag-3665","avhec_catgroup-all","loop-entry","cat-165","cat-171","cat-5930","no-thumbnail"],"views":3239,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34198","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34198"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34198\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88946,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34198\/revisions\/88946"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34198"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34198"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34198"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}