{"id":3374,"date":"2008-07-29T11:45:45","date_gmt":"2008-07-29T03:45:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=3374"},"modified":"2021-10-06T15:59:17","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T07:59:17","slug":"%e5%90%8c%e4%bd%8d%e7%b4%a0%ef%bc%88isotope%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e5%90%8c%e4%bd%8d%e7%b4%a0%ef%bc%88isotope%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\uff08Isotope\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\uff08Isotope\uff09<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u570b\u7acb\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b78\u8463\u9a30\u5143\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u500b\u5316\u5b78\u5143\u7d20\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u500b\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8cea\u91cf(\u8cea\u91cf\u6578)\u3002\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u4e2d\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u88e1\u7684\u8cea\u5b50\u6578\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff08\u76f8\u540c\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\uff09\uff0c\u50c5\u4e2d\u5b50\u6578\u76ee\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5, \u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u6578\uff08\u8cea\u91cf\u6578\u70ba\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u8cea\u5b50\u6578\u52a0\u4e2d\u5b50\u6578\u7684\u7e3d\u548c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u9019\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\u7531\u4f86\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4f4d\u8607\u683c\u862d\u7684\u5973\u91ab\u751f\u746a\u683c\u9e97\u7279. \u6258\u5fb7\uff08Margaret Todd\uff09\u57281913\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002 \u5979\u7684\u4e08\u592b&#8211;\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f17\u840a\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u2022\u7d22\u8fea\uff08Frederick Soddy\uff09\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u5169\u4eba\u7684\u4ea4\u8ac7\u4e2d\uff0c\u8aaa\u5230\u9031\u671f\u8868\uff08periodic table\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u4f54\u64da\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6258\u5fb7\u5efa\u8b70\u4e86\u5e0c\u81d8\u5b57\u300e\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u300f\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u9069\u7576\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u7d22\u8fea\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u5728\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8cea\uff08radioactive substances\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u70ba\u4ed6\u8d0f\u53d6\u4e861921\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u3002 <!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u7a2e\uff08nuclide\uff09\u662f\u6307\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\uff08Z\uff09\u548c\u8cea\u91cf\u6578\uff08A\uff09\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u539f\u5b50\u6838; \u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u6b64\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u9808\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u6578\u76ee\u7684\u8cea\u5b50\u548c\u4e2d\u5b50\u3002\u6574\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa, \u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6240\u6709\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u5f62\u6210\u5404\u985e\u6838\u7a2e\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u5316\u5b78\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u6838\u7a2e\uff0c\u82e5\u8cea\u5b50\u6578(\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f)\u76f8\u7b49\u4f46\u4e2d\u5b50\u6578\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5247\u7a31\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u3002 \u5728&#8221;\u6838\u7a2e&#8221;\u9019\u540d\u8a5e\u5728\u570b\u969b\u4e0a\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u4e4b\u524d(\u7d041950\u5e74), &#8220;\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20&#8221;\u4e5f\u5bec\u9b06\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u56b4\u8b39\uff09\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u6838\u7a2e\uff0c\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u6709\u4e9b\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u5011\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u4e92\u63db\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6700\u597d\u7528\u5728<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6838\u7a2e<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u6838\u7a2e\u5247\u662f\u8f03\u666e\u904d\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u6578\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u6838\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u6c1f\u5143\u7d20\u70ba\u4f8b, \u300c\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u6838\u7a2e\u300d\u6703\u6bd4\u300c\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u300d\u66f4\u52a0\u6b63\u78ba\u3002 \u5728<span style=\"color: #000080;\">IUPAC<\/span>\u7684\u547d\u540d\u539f\u5247\u4e2d,\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u548c\u6838\u7a2e\u7531\u5143\u7d20\u540d\u5b57\u5f8c\u63a5\u9023\u5b57\u865f\uff08-\uff09\u548c\u8cea\u91cf\u6578\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u3010\u53ef\u4e0d\u5beb\u51fa\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u3011\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6c26-3\uff08helium-3\uff09 \u3001\u78b3-12\uff08carbon-12\uff09 \u3001\u78b3-13\uff08carbon-13\uff09 \u3001\u7898-131\uff08iodine-131\uff09\u548c\u923e-238\uff08uranium-238\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u4ee5\u7b26\u865f\u5f62\u5f0f, \u5247\u5c07\u8cea\u91cf\u6578\u6a19\u793a\u65bc\u5316\u5b78\u5143\u7d20\u7b26\u865f\u7684\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\uff08\u4e0a\u6a19\uff09\uff0c\u5f62\u5982\uff1a3He \u300112C \u300113C \u3001131I \u548c238U \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u5929\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u7a31\u70ba\u5929\u7136\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u7a31\u70ba\u4eba\u9020\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u77e5\u5927\u7d04\u6709<span style=\"color: #ff4000;\">339<\/span> \u500b\u6838\u7a2e\u662f\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u81ea\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u7684, \u5176\u4e2d\u6709<span style=\"color: #ff4000;\">269<\/span>\u7a2e (\u5927\u7d0479%) \u662f\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u4eba\u70ba\u5275\u9020\u4e4b\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6838\u7a2e, \u7576\u524d\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u81f3\u5c11\u8d85\u904e<span style=\"color: #ff4000;\">3100<\/span>\u7a2e\u3002 \u3010\u88dc\u5145\u8cc7\u6599\u3011 1.<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u540c\u91cd\u7d20<\/span>\uff08isobars\uff09\uff1a\u8cea\u91cf\u6578\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\uff08\u8cea\u5b50\u6578\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u3002 2.<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u7b49\u4e2d\u5b50\u7d20<\/span>\uff08Isotones\uff09\uff1a\u4e2d\u5b50\u6578\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\uff08\u8cea\u5b50\u6578\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u3002 3.<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u6838\u7570\u69cb\u7d20<\/span>\uff08Nuclear isomers\uff09\uff1a\u8cea\u91cf\u6578\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u5747\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5167\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002 \u3010\u9808\u6709\u9577\u58fd\u4e4b\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6838\u7a2e\u3011 4.<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u93e1\u50cf\u6838<\/span>\uff08Mirror nuclei\uff09\uff1a\u8cea\u5b50\u6578\u548c\u4e2d\u5b50\u6578\u4e92\u63db\u8005\u3002 \u73fe\u5217\u8868\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a <a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/07\/9707clip_image002.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-726\" title=\"9707clip_image002\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/07\/9707clip_image002.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"380\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\uff08Isotope\uff09 \u570b\u7acb\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b78\u8463\u9a30\u5143\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f \u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u500b\u5316\u5b78\u5143\u7d20\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u500b\u6709&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[57,108,54],"tags":[2623,1663],"class_list":["post-3374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry02-03","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry02","tag-isotope","tag-1663","loop-entry","cat-57","cat-108","cat-54","no-thumbnail"],"views":18060,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3374","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3374"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3374\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":85633,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3374\/revisions\/85633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3374"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}