{"id":3132,"date":"2009-02-02T14:01:07","date_gmt":"2009-02-02T06:01:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=3132"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:50:34","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:50:34","slug":"%e9%85%b8-%e9%9b%a8-%ef%bc%88acid-rain%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e9%85%b8-%e9%9b%a8-%ef%bc%88acid-rain%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9178 \u96e8 \uff08acid rain\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u9178 \u96e8 \uff08acid rain\uff09<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u570b\u529b\u53f0\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u8449\u540d\u5009\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9178\u96e8\u662f\u7570\u5e38\u9178\u7684\u96e8\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u964d\u6c34\u3002\u5b83\u5371\u5bb3\u690d\u7269\u3001\u6c34\u4e2d\u751f\u7269\u53ca\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\u9178\u96e8\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u6240\u6392\u653e\u7684\u786b\u5316\u7269\u548c\u6c2e\u5316\u7269\u8207\u7a7a\u6c23\u53cd\u61c9\u6240\u7522\u751f\u3002\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u9019\u4e9b\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u90fd\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u9019\u4e9b\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6392\u653e\u91cf\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\n<strong>\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/strong><br \/>\n\u201c\u9178\u96e8\u201d\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u6307\u9178\u6027\u6210\u5206\u7269\u8cea\u6c89\u7a4d\u5728\u96e8\u6c34\u3001\u96ea\u3001\u9727\u3001\u9732\u6216\u4e7e\u71e5\u5fae\u5c0f\u7c92\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002\u8f03\u6b63\u78ba\u5c08\u696d\u8853\u8a9e\u662f\u201d\u9178\u6027\u6c89\u6fb1\u7269\u201d\u3002\u84b8\u993e\u6c34\u4e0d\u542b\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5176pH\u503c\u70ba7\uff0c\u6db2\u9ad4\u7684pH\u503c\u5c0f\u65bc7\u70ba\u9178\u6027\uff0c\u5927\u65bc7\u70ba\u9e7c\u6027\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5728\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e2d\u8207\u6c34\u6c23\u4f5c\u7528\u5f62\u6210\u78b3\u9178\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e7e\u6de8\u672a\u53d7\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u96e8\u6c34\u70ba\u5fae\u9178\u6027\uff0c\u5176pH\u503c\u5927\u7d04\u70ba5.0\u3002<br \/>\nH2O (l) + CO2 (g) \u2192 H2CO3 (aq)<br \/>\n\u78b3\u9178\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u89e3\u96e2\u7522\u751f\u4f4e\u6fc3\u5ea6\u7684\u6c34\u5408\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\uff1a<br \/>\n2H2O (l) + H2CO3 (aq) \u2192 CO32- (aq) + 2H3O+ (aq)<br \/>\n\u7570\u5e38\u9178\u7684\u96e8\u662f\u56e0\u7a7a\u6c23\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u786b\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u548c\u6c2e\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u8207\u6c34\u5f62\u6210\u5f37\u9178\uff08\u5982\u786b\u9178\u8207\u785d\u9178\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u6c61\u67d3\u6e90\u662f\u4ea4\u901a\u904b\u8f38\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u5de5\u696d\u53ca\u7522\u751f\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u5ee0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b77\u53f2<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u81ea\u5f9e\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u786b\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u548c\u6c2e\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u5728\u5927\u6c23\u4e2d\u7684\u542b\u91cf\u5c31\u6301\u7e8c\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u9178\u96e8\u73fe\u8c61\u9996\u5148\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u5927\u57ce\u66fc\u5fb9\u65af\u7279\u767c\u73fe\u3002\u57281852\u5e74\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff08R.A.Smith\uff09\u767c\u73fe\u9178\u96e8\u8207\u7a7a\u6c23\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9178\u96e8\u57281852\u5e74\u5c31\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u52301960\u5e74\u4ee3\u624d\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u89c0\u5bdf\u8207\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u54c8\u7dad\uff08Harvey\uff09\u9996\u5148\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u6b7b\uff08dead\uff09\u201d\u6e56\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u7531\u65bc\u7d10\u7d04\u6642\u5831\u5831\u5c0e\u767c\u751f\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u65b0\u6f22\u666e\u590f\u201dHubbard Brook\u201d\u5be6\u9a57\u68ee\u6797\u7684\u7121\u6578\u74b0\u5883\u5371\u5bb3\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u9178\u96e8\u53d7\u5230\u4e16\u4eba\u7684\u6ce8\u76ee\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u696d\u5316\u7684\u5730\u5340\u4e95\u6c34\u7684pH\u503c\u5076\u723e\u6703\u4f4e\u65bc2.4\uff08\u7d04\u70ba\u98df\u918b\u7684\u9178\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u6771\u6b50\u3001\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7b49\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u5176\u5468\u570d\u8fce\u98a8\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u5de5\u696d\u9020\u6210\u9178\u96e8\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5340\u57df\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u7686\u4ee5\u71c3\u71d2\u542b\u786b\u7684\u7164\u78b3\u4f86\u7522\u751f\u6240\u9700\u7684\u71b1\u80fd\u8207\u96fb\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9178\u96e8\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u50c5\u767c\u751f\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u7a20\u5bc6\u53ca\u5de5\u696d\u6210\u9577\u7684\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u8513\u5ef6\u81f3\u5176\u5b83\u5340\u57df\u3002\u5982\uff1a\u4ee5\u9ad8\u8073\u7684\u7159\u56ea\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u7576\u5730\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u537b\u56e0\u6b64\u9032\u5165\u5340\u57df\u6027\u7684\u5927\u6c23\u5faa\u74b0\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u9178\u96e8\u7684\u6563\u4f48\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u9019\u4e9b\u7269\u8cea\u6703\u5728\u8fce\u98a8\u9762\u7684\u9069\u7576\u8ddd\u96e2\u6216\u591a\u5c71\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff08\u56e0\u5176\u9ad8\u7684\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\uff09\u6c89\u964d\u3002\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u767c\u751f\u5728\u65af\u582a\u5730\u90a3\u7dad\u4e9e\u534a\u5cf6\u6240\u964d\u4e0b\u7684\u4f4epH\u503c\u9178\u96e8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u91cb\u653e\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u9178\u5316<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5f15\u8d77\u9178\u5316\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\u662f\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u3002\u542b\u6c2e\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u6703\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6c27\u5316\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u785d\u9178\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5c0d\u542b\u786b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6392\u653e\u63a7\u5236\u65e5\u8da8\u56b4\u683c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u542b\u6c2e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u7684\u91cb\u5c80\u554f\u984c\u6108\u986f\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5de5\u696d\u4e0a\u71c3\u71d2\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u6bcf\u5e74\u6703\u7522\u751f70\u5146\u514b\u7684\u786b\uff08Tg\uff08S\uff09\uff09\uff0c\u9583\u96fb\u7522\u751f2.8\u5146\u514b\u800c\u706b\u5c71\u80fd\u7522\u751f7-8\u5146\u514b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u73fe\u8c61<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5927\u6c23\u4e2d\u9178\u6027\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u706b\u5c71\u548c\u9678\u5730\u3001\u6ebc\u5730\u53ca\u6d77\u6d0b\u7b49\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u4e2d\u786b\u5316\u7269\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u6e90\u662f\u4e8c\u7532\u786b\u3002\u9178\u6027\u6c89\u7a4d\u7269\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u5df2\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u4eba\u7159\u7f55\u81f3\u3001\u6709\u6578\u5343\u5e74\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u51b0\u6cb3\u4e2d\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u4eba\u985e\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u767c\u96fb\u5ee0\u548c\u4ea4\u901a\u904b\u8f38\u5de5\u5177\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u786b\u5316\u7269\u53ca\u6c2e\u5316\u7269\u662f\u9020\u6210\u9178\u96e8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4ee5\u7164\u70ba\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u706b\u529b\u767c\u96fb\u5ee0\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u6e90\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6c23\u9ad4\u53ef\u98c4\u79fb\u6578\u767e\u516c\u91cc\u4e4b\u9060\u800c\u7522\u751f\u9178\u96e8\uff0c\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u5de5\u5ee0\u4f7f\u7528\u77ed\u7159\u56ea\u4f46\u5f15\u767c\u8a31\u591a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u73fe\u5728\u6539\u7528\u8f03\u9577\u7684\u7159\u56ea\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u537b\u4f7f\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6f02\u7684\u66f4\u9060\u9020\u6210\u66f4\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u751f\u614b\u5371\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5316\u5b78\u904e\u7a0b<\/strong><br \/>\n\u6c23\u76f8\u5316\u5b78<br \/>\n\u6c23\u614b\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u8207\u6c2b\u6c27\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u9032\u884c\u5206\u5b50\u9593\u53cd\u61c9<br \/>\nSO2 + OH\u2022 \u2192 HOSO2\u2022<br \/>\n\u63a5\u8457\u5728\u8207\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e2d\u6c27\u6c23\u4f5c\u7528\u7522\u751f\u4e09\u6c27\u5316\u786b<br \/>\nHOSO2\u2022 + O2 \u2192 HO2\u2022 + SO3<br \/>\n\u4e09\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u6eb6\u65bc\u6c34\u5f8c\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u786b\u9178<br \/>\nSO3 (g)+ H2O (l) \u2192 H2SO 4(l)<br \/>\n\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u6c2e\u8207\u6c2b\u6c27\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u53cd\u61c9\u7522\u751f\u785d\u9178<br \/>\nNO2 + OH\u2022 \u2192 HNO3<br \/>\n\u96f2\u88cf\u6c34\u6ef4\u4e2d\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9<br \/>\n\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u5728\u96f2\u88cf\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u8f03\u5176\u55ae\u7368\u5728\u6c23\u76f8\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u70ba\u5feb\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u96f2\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u6c34\u6ef4\u53ef\u52a0\u901f\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c34\u89e3<br \/>\nSO2 (g) + H2O \u2192 SO2\u2022H2O<br \/>\nSO2\u2022H2O \u2192 H++HSO 3-<br \/>\nHSO 3- \u2192 H++SO32-<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u61c9<br \/>\n\u5728\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u56db\u50f9\u786b\u88ab\u6c27\u5316\u6210\u5177\u6709\u516d\u50f9\u786b\u7684\u786b\u9178\u3002\u96f2\u88cf\u6c34\u6ef4\u4e2d\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u53ef\u8207\u81ed\u6c27\u3001\u904e\u6c27\u5316\u6c2b\u53ca\u6c27\u6c23\uff08\u5728\u9435\u53ca\u9382\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u4e0b\uff09\u53cd\u61c9\u8b8a\u6210\u786b\u9178\u3002<br \/>\n\u9178\u6027\u6c89\u6fb1\u7269<br \/>\n\u6fd5\u6027\u6c89\u6fb1\u7269<br \/>\n\u6fd5\u6027\u6c89\u6fb1\u662f\u4ee5\u96e8\u6c34\u3001\u96ea\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c07\u9178\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u7531\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e2d\u5e36\u81f3\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e7e\u6027\u6c89\u6fb1\u7269<br \/>\n\u9178\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u4e5f\u53ef\u85c9\u7531\u4e7e\u71e5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7531\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e2d\u6c89\u6fb1\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u670920\ufe6a\u523060\ufe6a \u662f\u4ee5\u6b64\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u6c89\u6fb1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong><br 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\/>\n\u9178\u96e8\u9020\u6210\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684pH\u503c\u8207\u9ad8\u6fc3\u5ea6\u7684\u92c1\u96e2\u5b50\u4f7f\u9b5a\u985e\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6c34\u4e2d\u52d5\u7269\u53d7\u5230\u5371\u5bb3\u3002pH\u503c\u4f4e\u65bc5\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u9b5a\u5375\u7121\u6cd5\u5b75\u5316\uff0c\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684pH\u503c\u6703\u4f7f\u6210\u9b5a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u7576\u6e56\u6c34\u7684\u9178\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u751f\u7269\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u5c07\u8b8a\u5c11\u3002\u9178\u96e8\u6e1b\u5c11\u6606\u87f2\u7684\u751f\u547d\u548c\u67d0\u4e9b\u9b5a\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5b58\u6d3b\u5728\u963f\u5e15\u62c9\u5951\u5c71\u8108\u6eaa\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u6cb3\u9c52\u3002<br \/>\n\u571f\u58e4<br 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