{"id":29534,"date":"2011-06-23T08:10:31","date_gmt":"2011-06-23T00:10:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=29534"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:26:26","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:26:26","slug":"%e7%b2%be%e7%b4%b0%e7%b5%90%e6%a7%8b%ef%bc%88fine-structure%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e7%b2%be%e7%b4%b0%e7%b5%90%e6%a7%8b%ef%bc%88fine-structure%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7cbe\u7d30\u7d50\u69cb\uff08Fine structure\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u7cbe\u7d30\u7d50\u69cb\uff08Fine structure\uff09<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u53f0\u4e2d\u7e23\u7e23\u7acb\u4e2d\u6e2f\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u738b\u5c0a\u4fe1\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u6d2a\u9023\u8f1d\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6e2c\u91cf\u539f\u5b50\u5149\u8b5c\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u7167\u5c04\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u8b93\u539f\u5b50\u5438\u6536\u5141\u8a31\u8e8d\u9077\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u6ce2\u6bb5\uff0c\u518d\u89c0\u5bdf\u88ab\u5438\u6536\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u983b\u8b5c\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u7a31\u70ba\u5438\u6536\u5149\u8b5c(absorption spectrum)\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6e2c\u91cf\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u6fc0\u767c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u4f7f\u539f\u5b50\u8e8d\u9077\u6210\u6fc0\u767c\u614b\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u539f\u5b50\u6703\u7522\u751f\u81ea\u767c\u8f3b\u5c04(spontaneous emission)\uff0c\u81ea\u52d5\u56de\u5230\u57fa\u614b\u4e26\u653e\u51fa\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u82e5\u4f7f\u7528\u611f\u5149\u7247\u6e2c\u91cf\u5176\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u983b\u8b5c\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u6240\u91cf\u5230\u7684\u5149\u8b5c\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u8f3b\u5c04\u5149\u8b5c(emission spectrum)\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\n\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e00\u4ef6\u7279\u5225\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u9451\u5225\u7387\u7684\u5206\u5149\u5100\u5668\u89c0\u6e2c\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u539f\u672c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u689d\u7684\u5149\u8b5c\u7dda\uff0c\u5728\u4ed4\u7d30\u89c0\u5bdf\u5f8c\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u7a31\u70ba\u5149\u8b5c\u7684\u7cbe\u7d30\u7d50\u69cb(fine structure)\uff0c\u5176\u5149\u8b5c\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u80fd\u968e\u5dee\uff0c\u7d04\u70ba $$10^{-4}$$\u00a0\u96fb\u5b50\u4f0f\u7279 $$(eV)$$\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6ce2\u8033\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\u7cbe\u7d30\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u968e\u70ba<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">$$E_n=\\displaystyle-\\frac{13.6}{n^2}~eV~~~~,n=1,2,\\cdots$$<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b $$n$$ \u7a31\u70ba\u4e3b\u91cf\u5b50\u6578\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72c0\u614b $$n$$ \u6703\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u80fd\u968e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u80fd\u968e\u7c21\u4f75\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u80fd\u968e\u7c21\u4f75(degeneracy)\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8655\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u5c0d\u61c9\u76f8\u540c\u80fd\u968e\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u7834\u9664\u80fd\u968e\u7c21\u4f75\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5fae\u64fe\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u6210\u7528\u5916\u529b\u628a\u80fd\u968e\u62c9\u958b\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u6709\u80fd\u968e\u7c21\u4f75\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u56e0\u70ba\u5fae\u64fe\u800c\u7834\u9664\u7c21\u4f75\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5149\u8b5c\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u7cbe\u7d30\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u968e\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u72c0\u614b\u6578\u50c5\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3b\u91cf\u5b50\u6578 $$(n)$$\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u731c\u6e2c\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u72c0\u614b\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e26\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u80fd\u968e\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u73fe\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7c92\u5b50\u72c0\u614b\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u89d2\u91cf\u5b50\u6578 $$(l)$$\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u96fb\u5b50\u81ea\u65cb\u91cf\u5b50\u6578 $$(s)$$ \u7b49\u8a31\u591a\u91cf\u5b50\u6578\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u6b64\u53ea\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9019\u5169\u9805\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u91cf\u5b50\u6578\u4e0d\u518d\u8d05\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u91cf\u5b50\u6578\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u80fd\u968e\u7c21\u4f75\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\u80fd\u968e\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u81ea\u65cb\u5411\u4e0a\u6216\u5411\u4e0b\u90fd\u6703\u5c0d\u76f8\u540c\u80fd\u968e\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5fae\u64fe\u7834\u9664\u7c21\u4f75\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7cbe\u7d30\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u5169\u500b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u81ea\u65cb-\u8ecc\u9053\u5076\u5408(LS coupling)\uff0c\u5176\u4e8c\u5247\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u60f3\u50cf\u96fb\u5b50\u7e5e\u8457\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u505a\u5713\u5468\u904b\u52d5\u800c\u7522\u751f\u78c1\u5834(\u50c5\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5e6b\u52a9\u5efa\u69cb\u6578\u5b78\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u6b64)\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u78c1\u5834\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u5c0d\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u4f86\u96fb\u5b50\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u78c1\u77e9\u4e5f\u6703\u548c\u78c1\u5834\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u81ea\u65cb-\u8ecc\u9053\u5076\u5408\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u4fee\u6b63\u5247\u662f\u5728\u8a08\u7b97\u96fb\u5b50\u52d5\u80fd\u6642\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u4fee\u6b63\u52d5\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4f7f\u7528\u53e4\u5178\u52d5\u80fd\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u80fd\u968e\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5169\u8005\u6839\u64da\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5176\u80fd\u968e\u504f\u79fb\u90fd\u5728 $$10^{-4}~eV$$\u00a0\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u7d1a\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u5be6\u9a57\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u7cbe\u7d30\u7d50\u69cb\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u3002<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fine_structure\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\nhttp:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fine_structure<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7cbe\u7d30\u7d50\u69cb\uff08Fine structure\uff09 \u53f0\u4e2d\u7e23\u7e23\u7acb\u4e2d\u6e2f\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u738b\u5c0a\u4fe1\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u6d2a\u9023\u8f1d&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[107,32,35],"tags":[3196,3197],"class_list":["post-29534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-physics00","category-physics07","category-physics07-03","tag-3196","tag-3197","avhec_catgroup-all","loop-entry","cat-107","cat-32","cat-35","no-thumbnail"],"views":10962,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29534"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88399,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29534\/revisions\/88399"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}