{"id":29515,"date":"2011-06-23T09:50:55","date_gmt":"2011-06-23T01:50:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=29515"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:26:26","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:26:26","slug":"%e7%89%9b%e9%a0%93%e7%92%b0%ef%bc%88newtons-rings%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e7%89%9b%e9%a0%93%e7%92%b0%ef%bc%88newtons-rings%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u725b\u9813\u74b0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u725b\u9813\u74b0 (Newton’s rings)<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u81fa\u4e2d\u7e23\u7e23\u7acb\u4e2d\u6e2f\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u738b\u5c0a\u4fe1\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u6d2a\u9023\u8f1d\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u725b\u9813\u74b0(Newton’s rings)\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u827e\u85a9\u514b\uff0e\u725b\u9813(Isaac Newton)\u767c\u73fe\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u725b\u9813\u74b0\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8584\u819c\u7b49\u539a\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u8584\u819c\u7b49\u539a\u5e72\u6d89\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c(\u53c3\u898bFig.1)\u662f\u5728\u539a\u5ea6 $$d$$ \u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u8584\u819c\u539a\u5ea6 $$d$$ \u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5149\u7a0b\u5dee\uff0c\u6545\u6703\u5c0d\u61c9\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u689d\u7d0b\uff0c\u6b64\u73fe\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u5149\u7684\u6ce2\u52d5\u6027\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u725b\u9813\u5c07\u4e00\u500b\u51f8\u900f\u93e1\u653e\u5728\u5e73\u9762\u900f\u93e1\u4e0a(\u53c3\u898bFig.1)\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u4e00\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u55ae\u8272\u5149\uff0c\u5782\u76f4\u5165\u5c04\u9019\u5169\u9762\u93e1\u5b50\uff0c\u7576\u5149\u7a7f\u904e\u93e1\u9762\u6642\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u51f8\u900f\u93e1\u4e26\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u8cbc\u5728\u5e73\u9762\u900f\u93e1\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u975e\u5e38\u8584\u7684\u7a7a\u9699\u53ef\u8b93\u7a7a\u6c23\u9032\u5165\uff0c\u5148\u5c07\u55ae\u8272\u5149\u60f3\u50cf\u6210\u5169\u9053\u5149\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u9053\u5149\u5b8c\u5168\u901a\u904e\u7403\u5fc3\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9053\u5149\u6703\u5148\u7d93\u904e\u51f8\u900f\u93e1\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u7d93\u904e\u7a7a\u6c23\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u904e\u5e73\u9762\u900f\u93e1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5169\u9053\u5149\u6240\u7a7f\u904e\u7684\u8def\u7a0b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5149\u7a0b\u5dee\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u53ef\u85c9\u7531\u8abf\u6574\u5149\u7a0b\u5dee(\u610f\u5373\u8abf\u6574\u7a7a\u9699\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u8abf\u6574\u7a7a\u6c23\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5149\u7a0b\u5dee)\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5169\u9053\u5149\u5f62\u6210\u5efa\u8a2d\u6027\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8d8a\u9760\u8fd1\u7403\u5fc3\u7684\u5149\uff0c\u6240\u7d93\u904e\u7a7a\u6c23\u7684\u8def\u7a0b\u5c31\u6703\u8d8a\u77ed\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u9053\u5149\u4e92\u76f8\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u5728\u93e1\u5b50\u5f8c\u653e\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u89c0\u6e2c\u5176\u6210\u50cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u5708\u5708\u7684\u74b0\u72c0\u7d0b\u8def(\u8acb\u53c3\u898b Fig.2)\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u6700\u4eae\u9ede\u5373\u662f\u5149\u7a7f\u904e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9ede\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u6e2c\u91cf\u74b0\u8def\u5716\u5f62\u7684\u534a\u5f91\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5149\u7684\u6ce2\u9577\u7b49\u5df2\u77e5\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u6e2c\u91cf\u8584\u819c\u539a\u5ea6\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u51f8\u900f\u93e1\u7684\u66f2\u7387\u534a\u5f91\uff0c\u5176\u516c\u5f0f\u63a8\u5c0e\u8207\u8aaa\u660e\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

$$R^2=(R-d)^2+x^2=R^2-2Rd+d^2+x^2$$<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d<\/p>\n

\u51f8\u900f\u93e1\u4e4b\u66f2\u7387\u534a\u5f91\u70ba $$R$$\uff1b\u51f8\u900f\u93e1\u4e4b\u539a\u5ea6\u70ba $$d$$\uff1b\u51f8\u900f\u93e1\u4e4b\u93e1\u5fc3\u5230\u5176\u908a\u7de3\u4e4b\u8ddd\u96e2\u70ba $$x$$\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u5df2\u77e5 $$d\\ll R$$\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97 $$2Rd=x^2$$<\/p>\n

$$\\therefore \\displaystyle d=\\frac{x^2}{2R}~~~~~~~~~(1)$$<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u539a\u5ea6\u4e4b $$d$$ \u6703\u5c0d\u61c9\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u689d\u7d0b\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u7b49\u539a\u5e72\u6d89\u4e4b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e14\u5728 $$d$$ \u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n

$$2nd_m=m\\lambda~~~~~~~~~(2)$$<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d<\/p>\n

$$n$$ \u662f\u7a7a\u9699\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8cea\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u7387\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u70ba\u7a7a\u6c23\u6545\u53d6 $$n=1$$
\n$$d_m$$\u00a0\u662f\u7b2c $$m$$ \u689d\u5e72\u6d89\u689d\u7d0b\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u539a\u5ea6
\n$$\\lambda$$ \u662f\u55ae\u8272\u5149\u6ce2\u9577<\/p>\n

\u5c07 $$(2)$$ \u5f0f\u5e36\u5165 $$(1)$$ \u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u7b2c $$m$$ \u5708\u5c4f\u5e55\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u4eae\u7d0b\u534a\u5f91<\/p>\n

$$x^{2}_m=m\\lambda R$$<\/p>\n

\u518d\u6839\u64da\u6e2c\u91cf\u5c4f\u5e55\u5716\u5f62\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u7528\u9010\u5dee\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u51f8\u900f\u93e1\u4e4b\u66f2\u7387\u534a\u5f91\u70ba\uff1a<\/p>\n

$$\\displaystyle R=\\frac{(x_m-x_k)}{(m-k)}\\lambda$$<\/p>\n

\u660e\u986f\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u5149\u4e4b\u6ce2\u52d5\u6027\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u725b\u9813\u8eab\u5728\u7684 18 \u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5149\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u4e26\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u725b\u9813\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u7576\u6642\u5927\u591a\u6578\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u5149\u7684\u76f4\u7dda\u524d\u9032\u3001\u6298\u5c04\u3001\u53cd\u5c04\u7b49\u5e7e\u4f55\u5149\u5b78\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u537b\u7121\u6cd5\u8aaa\u660e\u725b\u9813\u74b0\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u67cf\u677e\u4eae\u9ede(Poisson Spot)\u6216\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01(Maxwell)\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u5149\u7684\u6ce2\u52d5\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5149\u96fb\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u6d3e\u8207\u6ce2\u52d5\u6d3e\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u722d\u5435\u4e0d\u4f11\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 1928 \u5e74\u6ce2\u8033\u63d0\u51fa\u4e92\u88dc\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u5149\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u6027\u8207\u6ce2\u52d5\u6027\u5169\u8005\u4e92\u88dc\uff0c\u76f8\u8f14\u76f8\u6210\uff0c\u624d\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u9019\u5169\u767e\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong>
\nhttp:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Newton%27s_rings<\/a>
\n\u8a3b\uff1aFig.2\u70ba\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7528\u6236Warrencarpani\u63d0\u4f9b<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u725b\u9813\u74b0 (Newton’s rings) \u81fa\u4e2d\u7e23\u7e23\u7acb\u4e2d\u6e2f\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u738b\u5c0a\u4fe1\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,26,107],"tags":[6695,3193,3192,3191],"class_list":["post-29515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-physics05","category-physics05-03","category-physics00","tag-newtons-rings","tag-3193","tag-3192","tag-3191","avhec_catgroup-all","loop-entry","cat-22","cat-26","cat-107","no-thumbnail"],"views":12473,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29515","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29515"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29515\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88394,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29515\/revisions\/88394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29515"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29515"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29515"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}