{"id":29489,"date":"2011-06-23T08:20:33","date_gmt":"2011-06-23T00:20:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=29489"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:26:26","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:26:26","slug":"%e9%9c%8d%e7%88%be%e6%95%88%e6%87%89%ef%bc%88hall-effect%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e9%9c%8d%e7%88%be%e6%95%88%e6%87%89%ef%bc%88hall-effect%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u970d\u723e\u6548\u61c9"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u970d\u723e\u6548\u61c9 (Hall effect)<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u81fa\u4e2d\u7e23\u7e23\u7acb\u4e2d\u6e2f\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u738b\u5c0a\u4fe1\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u6d2a\u9023\u8f1d\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u970d\u723e\u6548\u61c9(Hall effect) \u5728 1879 \u5e74\u7531 Edwin Hall \u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5176\u662f\u6307\u5c07\u4e00\u56fa\u9ad4\u5c0e\u9ad4\uff08\u5047\u8a2d\u56fa\u9ad4\u70ba\u4e00\u9577\u65b9\u9ad4\uff0c\u9577\u908a\u6cbf\u8457 \\(x\\) \u8ef8\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u5bec\u6cbf\u8457 \\(z\\) \u8ef8\u65b9\u5411\u4e14\u5bec\u5ea6\u70ba \\(w\\)\u3001\u9ad8\u6cbf \\(y\\) \u8ef8\u65b9\u5411\u4e14\u5bec\u5ea6\u70ba \\(d\\)\uff0c\u8f03\u597d\u5206\u6790\uff09\u901a\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u4e26\u653e\u7f6e\u65bc\u78c1\u5834\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5c0e\u9ad4\u8868\u9762\u7522\u751f\u96fb\u4f4d\u5dee\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u82e5\u5c0e\u9ad4\u4e4b\u96fb\u6d41\u65b9\u5411\u70ba \\(x\\)\uff0c\u5916\u52a0\u78c1\u5834\u65b9\u5411\u70ba \\(z\\)\uff0c\u5247\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5c0e\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u675f\u7e1b\u96fb\u8377\u5e36\u6b63\u96fb\u6216\u8ca0\u96fb\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u52de\u502b\u8332\u529b \\(F=q(E+v\\times B)\\)\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u5f80 \\(-y\\) \u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6f02\u79fb\u800c\u7522\u751f\u96fb\u4f4d\u5dee\uff0c\u6b64\u96fb\u4f4d\u5dee\u7a31\u70ba\u970d\u723e\u96fb\u58d3(Hall voltage)\uff0c\u800c\u970d\u723e\u96fb\u58d3\uff0c\u53ef\u6839\u64da\u52de\u502b\u8332\u529b\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u5176\u96fb\u3001\u78c1\u529b\u5e73\u8861\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u5176\u63a8\u5c0e\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n
\n\u5df2\u77e5\u5c0e\u9ad4\u5167\u90e8\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u79fb\u52d5\u7684\u975e\u675f\u7e1b\u96fb\u8377\u4e14\u5bc6\u5ea6\u70ba \\(n\\)\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u4e4b\u5e36\u96fb\u91cf\u70ba \\(Q\\) \u4e14\u904b\u52d5\u901f\u5ea6\u70ba \\(v\\)\uff0c\u800c\u5c0e\u9ad4\u5e36\u96fb\u6d41 \\(I\\)\uff0c\u970d\u723e\u96fb\u58d3\u70ba \\(V_H\\)\uff0c\u970d\u723e\u96fb\u5834 \\(E\\)\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u78c1\u5834\u70ba \\(B\\)\uff0c\u9ad4\u96fb\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u70ba \\(J\\)\uff0c\u5247\u6839\u64da\u975c\u529b\u5e73\u8861\u6709\uff08\u65b9\u5411\u90fd\u5728 \\(y\\) \u8ef8\u6545\u4e0d\u7279\u5225\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n

\\(QE=QvB\\rightarrow\\displaystyle\\frac{V_H}{d}=\\frac{J}{nQ}B\\) \uff08\u660e\u986f\u6709\uff1a\\(J=nQv \\therefore v=\\displaystyle\\frac{J}{nQ}\\)\uff09<\/p>\n

\\(\\displaystyle\\therefore J=\\frac{I}{wd}\\rightarrow\\frac{V_H}{d}=\\frac{1}{nQ}\\frac{I}{wd}B\\)<\/p>\n

\\(\\displaystyle\\therefore V_H=\\frac{I}{nQw}B\\)<\/p>\n

\u6839\u64da\u4ee5\u4e0a\u63a8\u5c0e\uff0c\u53ef\u77e5\u970d\u723e\u96fb\u58d3\u53ef\u6e2c\u91cf\u975e\u675f\u7e1b\u96fb\u8377\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff08\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0a\u5f0f\u4e2d\u50c5\u6709 \\(n\\) \u672a\u77e5\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u7684\u6578\u503c\u90fd\u53ef\u7d93\u904e\u5be6\u9a57\u91cf\u6e2c\u5f97\u5230\uff09\u8207\u904b\u52d5\u901f\u5ea6\uff08\u6216\u7a31\u98c4\u79fb\u901f\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u6e2c \u5f97\u970d\u723e\u96fb\u58d3\u7684\u6b63\u8ca0\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u8f15\u6613\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u5c0e\u9ad4\u5167\u90e8\u4e4b\u975e\u675f\u7e1b\u96fb\u8377\u70ba\u96fb\u5b50\uff08\u5e36\u8ca0\u96fb\uff09\u6216\u96fb\u6d1e\uff08\u5e36\u6b63\u96fb\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u82e5\u7528\u4e09\u7528\u96fb\u8868\u5c07\u5c0e\u9ad4\u4e0a\u90e8(\u6307\u7684\u662f(\\(x\\)\u3001\\(d\\)\u3001\\(z\\))\u4e4b\u5e73\u9762)\u63a5\u6b63\u6975\uff0c\u4e0b\u90e8((\\(x\\)\u3001\\(0\\)\u3001\\(z\\))\u4e4b\u5e73\u9762)\u63a5\u8ca0\u6975\u6e2c\u91cf\u970d\u723e\u96fb\u58d3\uff0c\u82e5\u96fb\u58d3\u503c\u70ba\u6b63\uff0c\u5247\u4ee3\u8868\u8ca0\u96fb\u8377\u7d2f\u7a4d\u65bc\u5c0e\u9ad4\u4e4b\u4e0b\u90e8\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u6642\u5c0e\u9ad4\u5167\u90e8\u4e4b\u975e\u675f\u7e1b\u96fb\u8377\u7a2e\u985e\u70ba\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u82e5 \u6e2c\u5f97\u7684\u970d\u723e\u96fb\u58d3\u70ba\u8ca0\u503c\uff0c\u5247\u8f09\u5b50\u70ba\u96fb\u6d1e\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u9805\u5728\u970d\u723e\u6548\u61c9\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u970d\u723e\u4fc2\u6578\uff0c\u5f9e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u63a8\u5c0e\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u77e5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\\(\\displaystyle\\frac{1}{nQ}=\\frac{1}{JB}\\frac{V_H}{d}=\\frac{E}{JB}\\)<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d \\((nQ)^{-1}\\)\u00a0\u5c31\u662f\u970d\u723e\u4fc2\u6578\uff0c\u53ea\u548c\u5c0e\u9ad4\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5be6\u9a57\u8b8a\u56e0\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u9806\u5e36\u4e00\u63d0\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u970d\u723e\u4fc2\u6578\u548c \\(n\\) \u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u91d1\u5c6c\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u96fb\u5b50(\u975e\u675f\u7e1b\u96fb\u8377)\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u970d\u723e\u4fc2\u6578\u5f80\u5f80\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u7684\u970d\u723e\u4fc2\u6578\u5247\u8f03\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u970d\u723e\u6548\u61c9\u5728\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u898b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6027\u8cea\u4e00\u4e9b\u6027\u8cea(\u4f8b\u5982\u9451\u5b9a\u6b64\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u70bap\u578b\u6216n\u578b)\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u9084\u6709\u970d\u723e\u63a2\u91dd(Hall probe) \uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u6e2c\u91cf\u5916\u90e8\u78c1\u5834\u4e4b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u539f\u7406\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u82e5\u5df2\u77e5\u5c0e\u9ad4\u4e4b\u975e\u675f\u7e1b\u96fb\u8377\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u5176\u5e36\u96fb\u91cf\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u53e6\u7528\u9019\u9805\u6027\u8cea\u53cd\u63a8\u5916\u90e8\u78c1\u5834\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u4f86\u6709\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u970d\u723e\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u53c8\u5206\u70ba\u6574\u6578\u91cf\u5b50\u970d\u723e\u6548\u61c9\u3001\u5206\u6578\u91cf\u5b50\u970d\u723e\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6703\u6e2c\u91cf\u5230\u8207\u6750\u6599\u7b49\u7686\u7121\u95dc\u7684\u5e38\u6578\uff0c\u6545\u5206\u5225\u5728 1985 \u5e74\u8207 1998 \u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599: <\/strong>
\nhttp:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hall_effect<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u970d\u723e\u6548\u61c9 (Hall effect) \u81fa\u4e2d\u7e23\u7e23\u7acb\u4e2d\u6e2f\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u738b\u5c0a\u4fe1\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u6d2a\u9023\u8f1d\u6559\u6388…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":61022,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[107,27,28],"tags":[7802,3188,3187],"class_list":["post-29489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-physics00","category-physics06","category-physics06-01","tag-hall-effect","tag-3188","tag-3187","avhec_catgroup-all","loop-entry","cat-107","cat-27","cat-28"],"views":46337,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29489","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29489"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29489\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88398,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29489\/revisions\/88398"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/61022"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}