{"id":28544,"date":"2011-06-03T15:40:02","date_gmt":"2011-06-03T07:40:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=28544"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:26:32","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:26:32","slug":"%e7%83%af%e9%a1%9ealkenes%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e7%83%af%e9%a1%9ealkenes%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u70ef\u985e(Alkenes)\uff08\u4e00\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u70ef\u985e(Alkenes)\uff08\u4e00\uff09
<\/span>\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u5b78\u58eb\u751f\u5f35\u80b2\u5510\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong> <\/span> <\/p>\n

\u70ef\u985e(Alkenes or olefins)\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u542b\u6709\u78b3\u2500\u78b3\u96d9\u9375 (C=C) \u7684\u4e0d\u98fd\u548c\u78b3\u6c2b\u5316\u5408\u7269 (Unsaturated hydrocarbons)\u3002 \u6309\u7167\u96d9\u9375\u7684\u500b\u6578\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a31\u4f5c\u55ae\u70ef\u70f4\u3001\u4e8c\u70ef\u70f4\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u55ae\u70ef\u70f4\u7684\u78b3\u548c\u6c2b\u6578\u76ee\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u5206\u5b50\u901a\u5f0f\u8868\u793a Cn<\/sub>H2n<\/sub><\/p>\n

\uff08\u93c8\u72c0\u70ef\u985e\uff09\u6216 C<\/span>n<\/span><\/sub>H<\/span>2n-2<\/span><\/sub>\uff08\u74b0\u72c0\u70ef\u985e\uff09\u3002\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u70ef\u985e\u70ba\u4e59\u70ef (H<\/span>2<\/span><\/sub>C=CH<\/span>2<\/span><\/sub>, ethylene)\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u70ef\u985e\u6709\u78b3\u2500\u78b3\u96d9\u9375 (C=C) \u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u500b \u03c3 \u9375\u548c\u4e00\u500b\"\"<\/a>\u9375\uff0c\u6545\u7d44\u6210\u78b3\u2500\u78b3\u96d9\u9375\u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u70ba sp2<\/sup> \u6df7\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u78b3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5448\u5e73\u9762\u4e09\u89d2\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5982\u5716\u4e00\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u5716\u4e00\u3001\u4e59\u70ef\u7684\u9375\u7d50\u89e3\u6790\u3002(a)\u96d9\u9375\u7684\u78b3\u2500\u78b3\u9375\u4ee5sp2<\/sup>\u2500sp2<\/sup>\u6df7\u6210\u7d50\u5408\u6210\u03c3\u9375\uff0c\u800c\u78b3\u2500\u6c2b\u9375\u4ee5sp2<\/sup>\u2500s\u6df7\u6210\u7d50\u5408\u6210\u03c3\u9375\uff1b(b) \u96d9\u9375\u4e4b\u78b3\u2500\u78b3\"\"<\/a>\u9375\u7531\u78b3\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53c3\u8207\u6df7\u6210\u7684p\u8ecc\u57df\u5f62\u6210\uff1b(c)\u4e59\u70ef\u7684\u9375\u7d50\u3002http:\/\/www.chem1.com\/acad\/webtext\/chembond\/cb07.html<\/a>
<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

<\/span><\/span>\u6839\u64da IUPAC \u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u7d71\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u547d\u540d\u70ef\u985e\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u5247\u5927\u7565\u540c\u65bc\u70f7\u985e\uff0c\u5148\u627e\u51fa\u542b\u6709\u8a72\u78b3\u2500\u78b3\u96d9\u9375\u7684\u6700\u9577\u93c8\u505a\u70ba\u4e3b\u93c8\uff0c\u4ee5\u300c\u70ef\u300d(-ene)\u5b57\u5f8c\u7db4\uff0c\u4e14\u96d9\u9375\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u6578\u5b57\u9760\u524d\u70ba\u512a\u5148 (\u8868\u4e00)\u3002 <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

\u8868\u4e00\u3001\u70ef\u985e\u547d\u540d<\/span><\/span>\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u70ef\u985e\u5f62\u6210\u96d9\u9375\u7684\u5169\u500b\u78b3\u70ba sp2<\/sup> \u6df7\u6210\uff0c\u78b3\u2500\u78b3\u96d9\u9375\u4e0d\u80fd\u4efb\u610f\u65cb\u8f49\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7acb\u9ad4\u7570\u69cb\u7269 (Stereo isomer) \u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u7576\u7d44\u6210\u96d9\u9375\u7684\u5169\u500b\u78b3\u4e0a\u51fa\u73fe\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u9806\u5f0f(cis)\u53ca\u53cd\u5f0f(trans)\u7570\u69cb\u7269\uff1b\u5169\u500b\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u5728\u96d9\u9375\u7684\u540c\u5074\u70ba\u9806\u5f0f\u7570\u69cb\u7269\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u5728\u96d9\u9375\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5074\u70ba\u53cd\u5f0f\u7570\u69cb\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\"\"<\/a>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u9806\u5f0f\u548c\u53cd\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ef\u985e\u7684\u7acb\u9ad4\u7570\u69cb\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9084\u662f\u6709\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u5bb9\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u570b\u969b\u7d14\u5316\u5b78\u66a8\u61c9\u7528\u5316\u5b78\u806f\u5408\u6703(IUPAC, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)IUPAC\u7cfb\u7d71\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5E<\/em>(Entgegen)\u3001Z<\/em>(Zusammen)\u4f86\u5340\u5206\u8868\u793a\u7acb\u9ad4\u7570\u69cb\u7269\u3002\u63a5\u5728\u78b3\u2500\u78b3\u96d9\u9375\u7684\u56db\u500b\u5b98\u80fd\u57fa\u4f9d\u7167\u512a\u5148\u9806\u5e8f\u6bd4\u8f03\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u7576\u5169\u908a\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u70ba\u65bc\u540c\u5074\u6642\uff0c\u5247\u5728\u540d\u7a31\u524d\u6a19\u793a\u300c(Z<\/em>)-\u300d\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\u5247\u6a19\u793a\u300c(E<\/em>)-\u300d\u3002\u512a\u5148\u9806\u5e8f\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6709\u95dc\uff1aH < C < N < O < Cl \uff08\u512a\u5148\u5ea6\u7531\u53f3\u81f3\u5de6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

\u70ef\u985e\u7684\u7194\u6cb8\u9ede\u8207\u70f7\u985e\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e00\u6a23\u5728\u78b3\u6578\u8f03\u5c11\u6642\u90fd\u76f8\u7576\u4f4e\uff0c\u800c\u96a8\u8457\u78b3\u6578\u7684\u589e\u9577\u800c\u6709\u660e\u986f\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u4e59\u70ef\u81f3\u4e01\u70ef\u70ba\u6c23\u9ad4\uff0c\u620a\u70ef\u81f3\u5341\u516d\u70ef\u70ba\u6db2\u9ad4\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u78b3\u6578\u6642\u5247\u70ba\u881f\u72c0\u56fa\u9ad4\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u5176\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u76f8\u7576\u5dee\uff0c\u6bd4\u91cd\u4e5f\u8f03\u6c34\u4f4e\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6bd4\u8f03\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u70ef\u985e\u5177\u6709\u9806\u53cd\u7570\u69cb\u7269\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\u9806\u5f0f\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5074\uff0c\u5176\u5076\u6975\u77e9(dipole moment)\u8f03\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u6cb8\u9ede\u53ef\u80fd\u8f03\u53cd\u5f0f\u9ad8\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u592a\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u9806-2-\u4e01\u70ef\u7684\u6cb8\u9ede\u70ba4\u2103\uff0c\u53cd-2-\u4e01\u70ef\u7684\u6cb8\u9ede\u70ba1\u2103\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\u4e01\u70f7\u7684\u6cb8\u9ede\u70ba0\u2103\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/strong>
\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a
<\/strong>1. Wade, L. G., Jr. Organic Chemistry, 6th<\/sup> edition; Pearson Education International: Upper Saddle River, 2006; Chapter 7-8.
2. Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry.
3. Wikipedia– Alkene  http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alkene<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u70ef\u985e(Alkenes)\uff08\u4e00\uff09 \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u5b78\u58eb\u751f\u5f35\u80b2\u5510\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,50,48],"tags":[3124,3123],"class_list":["post-28544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry01-02","category-chemistry01","tag-alkenes","tag-3123","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-50","cat-48","no-thumbnail"],"views":25103,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28544","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28544"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28544\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88437,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28544\/revisions\/88437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28544"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}