{"id":28020,"date":"2011-05-31T11:09:59","date_gmt":"2011-05-31T03:09:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=28020"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:26:33","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:26:33","slug":"%e6%9c%89%e6%95%88%e6%a0%b8%e9%9b%bb%e8%8d%b7effective-nuclear-charge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e6%9c%89%e6%95%88%e6%a0%b8%e9%9b%bb%e8%8d%b7effective-nuclear-charge\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6709\u6548\u6838\u96fb\u8377"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u6709\u6548\u6838\u96fb\u8377 (Effective Nuclear Charge)<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u5b78\u58eb\u751f\u5f35\u80b2\u5510\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u6709\u6548\u6838\u96fb\u8377 (Effective Nuclear Charge or Apparent nuclear charge)\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4e00\u9846\u96fb\u5b50\uff08\u7d93\u5e38\u662f\u6307\u6700\u5916\u5c64\u7684\u50f9\u96fb\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u5be6\u969b\u53d7\u5230\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u6240\u5e36\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u6839\u64da\u539f\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u6240\u5e36\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\u7b49\u65bc\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5167\u8cea\u5b50\u6578\u7e3d\u548c\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u5167\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6578\u76ee\u7b49\u65bc\u8cea\u5b50\u7684\u6578\u76ee\u3002\u7576\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8cea\u5b50\u6578\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5167\u7684\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u61c9\u8a72\u540c\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5be6\u9a57\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5916\u5c64\u96fb\u5b50\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u96a8\u8cea\u5b50\u6578\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u8b8a\u5927\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5916\u5c64\u96fb\u5b50\u8207\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u4e4b\u9593\u9084\u7d93\u5e38\u6703\u6709\u5167\u5c64\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u5167\u5c64\u96fb\u5b50\u8207\u5916\u5c64\u96fb\u5b50\u6703\u6709\u540c\u5e36\u8ca0\u96fb\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u65a5\u529b\u8207\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7d66\u4e88\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u62b5\u92b7\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\u5c0d\u5916\u5c64\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8cea\u5b50\u548c\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u96fb\u8377\u70ba1\uff1b\u6c26\u539f\u5b50\u6709\u5169\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u548c\u8cea\u5b50\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u65a5\u529b\uff0c\u5176\u6709\u6548\u96fb\u8377\u6bd41\u5927\u3002\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u5167\u5c64\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u300c\u64cb\u4f4f\u300d\u4e86\u5916\u5c64\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u4e00\u500b\u6548\u61c9\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u5c4f\u853d\u6548\u61c9\u6216\u906e\u853d\u6548\u61c9(Shielding effect)\u3002\u800c\u6263\u9664\u5c4f\u853d\u6548\u61c9\u6240\u963b\u64cb\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u6709\u6548\u6838\u96fb\u8377\u6240\u7d66\u4e88\u8a72\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u6709\u6548\u96fb\u8377 <em>Z<sub>eff<\/sub><\/em> = \u539f\u5b50\u5e8f<em>Z<\/em> \u2013 \u96fb\u5b50\u9593\u65a5\u529b\u6548\u61c9<em>s<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>\uff08\u5f0f\u4e00\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong>\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6700\u5167\u5c64\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u5c4f\u853d\u6548\u61c9\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6838\u96fb\u8377\u7e2e\u6e1b\u662f\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u6838\u96fb\u8377\u6bd4\u8f03\u5927\uff0c\u53d7\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u5927\uff1b\u800c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5916\u5c64\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5c4f\u853d\u6548\u61c9\u5c31\u8f03\u70ba\u660e\u986f\u3002\u800c\u5169\u96fb\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f4d\u7f6e\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e5f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u906e\u853d\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4f4d\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5c64\u4e3b\u91cf\u5b50\u6578(principle quantum number\uff0c<em>n<\/em>)\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u89d2\u91cf\u5b50\u6578(azimuthal quantum number\uff0c<em>l<\/em>)\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u906e\u853d\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u64da\uff08\u5f0f\u4e00\uff09\uff0c <em>Z<sub>eff<\/sub><\/em>\u70ba\u6709\u6548\u6838\u96fb\u8377\uff0c<em>Z<\/em>\u70ba\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\uff0c\u5373\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5167\u7684\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\u6578\uff0c<em>s<\/em>\u5247\u70ba\u8a72\u96fb\u5b50\u8207\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u5e73\u5747\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u906e\u853d\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u50cf\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u50f9\u96fb\u5b50\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u5373\u70ba\u50f9\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8003\u616e\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u906e\u853d\u6548\u61c9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u543e\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u5229\u7528\u7f8e\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7d04\u7ff0\u2027\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u2027\u65af\u96f7\u7279(John Clarke Slater)\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u65af\u96f7\u7279\u5b9a\u5247(Slater\u2019s rules)\u6b64\u4e00\u7d93\u9a57\u5f0f\u4f86\u5927\u81f4\u4f30\u8a08\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6838\u96fb\u8377\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4e0b\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a08\u7b97\u906e\u853d\u7387\uff0c1 \u70ba\u5b8c\u5168\u906e\u853d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u8868\u4e00<\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-28021\" title=\"00\" src=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/005.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"378\" height=\"130\" \/><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5176\u4e2d \u0394<em>n <\/em>\u70ba\u8a72\u96fb\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e3b\u91cf\u5b50\u6578\u8207\u906e\u853d\u96fb\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e3b\u91cf\u5b50\u6578\u4e4b\u5dee\uff1b\u0394<em>l <\/em>\u5247\u70ba\u89d2\u91cf\u5b50\u6578\u4e4b\u5dee\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u9435\u539f\u5b50\uff08\u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u614b\uff1a1s<sup>2<\/sup>2s<sup>2<\/sup>2p<sup>6<\/sup>3s<sup>2<\/sup>3p<sup>6<\/sup>3d<sup>6<\/sup>4s<sup>2<\/sup>\uff09\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5225\u8a08\u7b97\u5176\u5404\u5c64\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6838\u96fb\u8377\uff0c\u6b64\u8655\u4ee54s\u82073d\u5169\u7d44\u614b\u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>4s\uff1a <em>s<\/em> = 0.35 \u00d7 1 + 0.85 \u00d7 14 + 1.00 \u00d7 10 = 22.25\uff0c <em>Z<sub>eff<\/sub><\/em>(4s) = 3.75<br \/>\n3d\uff1a <em>s<\/em> = 0.35 \u00d7 5 +\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 + 1.00 \u00d7 18 = 19.75\uff0c <em>Z<sub>eff<\/sub><\/em>(3d) = 6.25<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<br \/>\n<\/strong>1. Slater, J. C. Phys. Rev. 1930, 36, pp. 57-64.<br \/>\n2. Wikipedia\u2014Effective nuclear charge\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Effective_nuclear_charge\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Effective_nuclear_charge<\/a><br \/>\n3. Wikipedia\u2014Slater\u2019s rules\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slater%27s_rule\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slater%27s_rule<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6709\u6548\u6838\u96fb\u8377 (Effective Nuclear Charge) \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u5b78\u58eb\u751f\u5f35\u80b2\u5510\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,55,54],"tags":[8121,3096,1082],"class_list":["post-28020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry02-01","category-chemistry02","tag-effective-nuclear-charge","tag-3096","tag-1082","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-55","cat-54","no-thumbnail"],"views":62237,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28020"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28020\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88455,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28020\/revisions\/88455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}