{"id":24512,"date":"2011-04-18T16:41:12","date_gmt":"2011-04-18T08:41:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=24512"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:27:43","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:27:43","slug":"%e6%ba%96%e7%a2%ba%e5%ba%a6accuracy%e5%92%8c%e7%b2%be%e7%a2%ba%e5%ba%a6precision","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e6%ba%96%e7%a2%ba%e5%ba%a6accuracy%e5%92%8c%e7%b2%be%e7%a2%ba%e5%ba%a6precision\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u548c\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u548c\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6 (Accuracy and Precision)
\n<\/span>\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u5b78\u58eb\u751f\u5f35\u80b2\u5510\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u79d1\u5b78\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b78\u7d0d\u7684\u5b78\u554f\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u5247\u662f\u6aa2\u9a57\u771f\u7406\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u6578\u64da\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65b7\u5be6\u9a57\u6578\u64da\u53ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ee5\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6(Accuracy)\u8207\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6(Precision)\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53c3\u8003\u6307\u6a19\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6(Accuracy)\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7d71\u8a08\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6307\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5176\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u8207\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6578\u64da\u771f\u503c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u82e5\u591a\u6b21\u6e2c\u91cf\u5176\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u63a5\u8fd1\u65bc\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6578\u64da\u771f\u503c\uff08\u7406\u8ad6\u503c\u6216\u671f\u671b\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4fe1\u6578\u64da\u300c\u6e96\u78ba\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6578\u64da\u5177\u6709\u300c\u9ad8\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u300d\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u82e5\u591a\u6b21\u6e2c\u91cf\u5176\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u8207\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6578\u64da\u771f\u503c\u5dee\u8ddd\u8f03\u5927\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5be6\u9a57\u6578\u64da\u4e0d\u6e96\u78ba\uff0c\u6216\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3002\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u5404\u985e\u5b78\u79d1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5206\u6790\u5316\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u7d55\u5c0d\u8aa4\u5dee(absolute error)\u3001\u76f8\u5c0d\u8aa4\u5dee(relative error)\u7b49\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u6578\u5b78\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7d55\u5c0d\u8aa4\u5dee\uff1a\\(E=\\bar{x}-x_t\\)<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5c0d\u8aa4\u5dee\uff1a\\(\\displaystyle E_r=\\frac{\\bar{x}-x_t}{x_t}\\times 100\\%\\)<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d \\(\\bar{x}\\) \u70ba\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6578\u64da\u771f\u503c\uff0c\u6216\u6578\u64da\u5e73\u5747\uff0c\\(x_t\\) \u70ba\u4efb\u4e00\u5be6\u9a57\u503c\u3002\u7d55\u5c0d\u8aa4\u5dee\u5177\u6709\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u76f8\u5c0d\u8aa4\u5dee\u5247\u7121\uff0c\u662f\u5229\u7528\u767e\u5206\u6bd4(%)\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5206\u6790\u5316\u5b78\u4e0a\u5e38\u4ee5\u76f8\u5c0d\u8aa4\u5dee\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6613\u65bc\u77ad\u89e3\u5be6\u9a57\u503c\u8207\u6578\u64da\u771f\u503c\uff08\u7406\u8ad6\u503c\uff09\u7684\u8aa4\u5dee\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u65b9\u6cd5\u6e96\u78ba\u8207\u5426\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u6210\u5206\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u9032\u884c\u5206\u6790\u6642\u7684\u8aa4\u5dee\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u5bc6\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u8aa4\u5dee\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u6bd4\u7c97\u4f30\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\u8981\u5c0f\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u4e00\u500b\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u9ad8\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u5206\u6790\u5316\u5b78\u7576\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u74b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u8981\u6c42\u5be6\u9a57\u6578\u64da\u5f88\u7cbe\u6e96\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u540c\u6642\u6703\u8981\u6c42\u5be6\u9a57\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u300c\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6211\u5011\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u6578\u64da\u662f\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5be6\u9a57\u6578\u64da\u9700\u8981\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u300c\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6(precision) \u300d\u3002\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7d71\u8a08\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6307\u5404\u6b21\u7368\u7acb\u5be6\u9a57\u6578\u64da\u4e4b\u5206\u4f48\u7684\u300c\u96c6\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u300d\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u591a\u6b21\u6e2c\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u5c0f\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\u82e5\u591a\u6b21\u6e2c\u91cf\u503c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u8f03\u5927\uff0c\u5247\u6b64\u7cfb\u5217\u5be6\u9a57\u4e0d\u5920\u7cbe\u78ba\uff0c\u5373\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u6578\u64da\u5448\u73fe\u5e38\u614b\u5206\u4f48\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6e2c\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u6a23\u54c1\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee(standard variation)\u3001\u8b8a\u7570(variance)\u3001\u8b8a\u7570\u4fc2\u6578(variance of coefficient)\u4f86\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u53c3\u6578\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee \\(\\sigma\\)\uff0c\u5176\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee \\(\\displaystyle \\sigma=\\sqrt{\\frac{\\sum^n_{i=1}(x_i-\\mu)^2}{n-1}}\\)<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d \\(x_i\\) \u70ba\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u6b21\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u503c\uff0c\\(n\\) <\/i>\u70ba\u6e2c\u91cf\u6b21\u6578\uff0c\\(\\mu\\) <\/i>\u70ba\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u8207\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9762\u5411\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u6578\u64da\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5169\u8005\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u660e\u986f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u5e38\u628a\u4ed6\u5011\u641e\u6df7\u4e86\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u6e05\u695a\u5f97\u8aaa\u660e\u5169\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u300c\u6253\u9776\u300d\u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5982\u57161\uff0c\u7576\u5b50\u5f48\uff08\u5373\u5be6\u9a57\u6578\u64da\uff09\u6642\u5168\u6578\u547d\u4e2d\u7d05\u5fc3\uff08\u6975\u63a5\u8fd1\u7406\u8ad6\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3001\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u4e0b\u57163\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f48\u5b54\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u67d0\u4e00\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6b64\u96c6\u4e2d\u5340\u57df\u504f\u96e2\u9776\u5fc3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u4f4e\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5728\u6e2c\u91cf\u6642\u6bd4\u8f03\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u57162\uff0c\u5f48\u5b54\u5747\u52fb\u5206\u5e03\u65bc\u9776\u7d19\u4e0a\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u5f88\u4f4e\u6642\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6240\u6709\u6e2c\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u76f8\u7576\u63a5\u8fd1\u65bc\u771f\u503c\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7684\u300c\u6e96\u78ba\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u7d93\u5e38\u662f\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u6e96\u78ba\u4e14\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7531\u65bc\u6e2c\u91cf\u6642\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u8aa4\u5dee(systematic error)\u4ee5\u53ca\u96a8\u6a5f\u8aa4\u5dee(random error)\uff0c\u6703\u9020\u6210\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u8207\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7cfb\u7d71\u8aa4\u5dee\u6703\u9020\u6210\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\uff1b\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7d71\u8aa4\u5dee\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u914d\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u9032\u884c\u7a7a\u767d\u5be6\u9a57\u3001\u6539\u8b8a\u6a23\u54c1\u6fc3\u5ea6\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u5927\u591a\u7531\u7cfb\u7d71\u8aa4\u5dee\u9020\u6210\uff0c\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u5927\u591a\u662f\u7531\u96a8\u6a5f\u8aa4\u5dee\u6240\u9020\u6210\u3002\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u5100\u5668\u7684\u518d\u73fe\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5229\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5176\u63a5\u8fd1\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1b\u901a\u5e38\u4e00\u500b\u5206\u6790\u5100\u5668\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u91cd\u8907\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7372\u5f97\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u5206\u6790\u5100\u5668\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u5206\u6790\u5100\u5668\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u6a23\u54c1\u6fc3\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6a23\u54c1\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u9451\u5225\u5ea6\uff0c\u70ba\u5100\u5668\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u826f\u83a0\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6a19\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u800c\u5100\u5668\u5206\u6790\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5c0d\u65bc\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u8457\u8f03\u597d\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u4ee5\u6240\u6709\u6e2c\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u70ba\u6e2c\u91cf\u4e4b\u6e96\u78ba\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u4f86\u4fbf\u7121\u6cd5\u8a08\u7b97\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7cfb\u7d71\u8aa4\u5dee\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u53cd\u8986\u6e2c\u91cf\u4e14\u5177\u826f\u597d\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u53c3\u8003\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u73fe\u4eca\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u503c\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u6a19\u6e96\u8207\u6280\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u6240(NIST, National Institute of Standard and Technology)\u7b49\u6a5f\u69cb\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5099\u8a3b\uff1a\u95dc\u65bc\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u8207\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u53c3\u8003 \u53f2\u5929\u5143\u8457\uff0c\u5730\u7c4d\u6e2c\u91cf \u7b2c 32 \u5377\u7b2c 3 \u671f\uff0c\u7b2c 18-26 \u9801\u300c\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u8207\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/a>\u300d\u3002\uff08\u611f\u8b1d\u8b80\u8005\u5b78\u5703\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff09<\/p>\n

\n

\u8cc7<\/strong>\u6599\u4f86\u6e90
\n<\/strong>1. Zumdahl, S. S. Chemical Principles, 5th<\/sup> edition; Houghton Mifflin Company: Boston, 2003; p. A69.
\n2. Harris, D. C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 7th edition; W. H. Freeman and Company: New York, 2007; pp. 43-44.
\n3. Wikipedia\u2014accuracy and precision\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Accuracy_and_precision<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u548c\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6 (Accuracy and Precision) \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u5b78\u58eb\u751f\u5f35\u80b2\u5510\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,52,48],"tags":[10398,10399,1951,1952],"class_list":["post-24512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry01-04","category-chemistry01","tag-accuracy","tag-precision","tag-1951","tag-1952","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-52","cat-48","no-thumbnail"],"views":191433,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24512","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24512"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24512\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":91423,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24512\/revisions\/91423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24512"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24512"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}