{"id":19118,"date":"2011-01-06T10:42:34","date_gmt":"2011-01-06T02:42:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=19118"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:29:37","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:29:37","slug":"%e8%b6%85%e6%b5%81%e9%ab%94%ef%bc%88superfluid%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e8%b6%85%e6%b5%81%e9%ab%94%ef%bc%88superfluid%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\uff08Superfluid\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4<\/span>\uff08Superfluid\uff09
\n<\/span>\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u5433\u5e78\u7487\u78a9\u58eb\u751f\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u8521\u5fd7\u7533\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f
\n<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u4f55\u8b02\u300c\u8d85\u6d41\u300d\uff1f\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4<\/span>\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u963b\u529b\u7684\u6db2\u9ad4\uff0c\u6d41\u52d5\u6642\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u963b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

1908\u5e74\uff0c\u6602\u5c3c\u65af\uff08Heike Kamerlingh Onnes\uff09\u4ee5\u5176\u7368\u6709\u7684\u4f4e\u6eab\u6280\u8853\u5c07\u6c26\u6c23\u6db2\u5316\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u800c\u6c26\u7684\u6db2\u5316\u6eab\u5ea6\u662f4K\u3002\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u5929\u7136\u7684\u6c26\u6c23\u5176\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u542b\u6709\u5169\u500b\u8cea\u5b50\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u6838\u5916\u6709\u5169\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u8a18\u70ba 4<\/sup>He \u3002\u53c8\u6c26\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\uff0c 3<\/sup>He \uff0c\u5247\u662f\u6bd4 4<\/sup>He \u8981\u5c11\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u5b50\u3002\u7531\u5716\u4e00\u53ef\u77e5 4<\/sup>He \u7684\u8d85\u6d41\u6027\u8cea\u8981\u57282.2K\u6eab\u5ea6\u8655\u624d\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u800c 3<\/sup>He \u5247\u8981\u52302.7mK\u6eab\u5ea6\u8655\u624d\u5448\u73fe\u8d85\u6d41\u6027\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n

\"01pic1.png\"<\/p>\n

\n
\n

\u8d85\u5c0e\u3001\u8d85\u6d41\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u5747\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u6db2\u6c26\u7684\u7372\u5f97\uff0c\u8d85\u6d41\u73fe\u8c61\u5f9e\u521d\u9732\u7aef\u502a\u5230\u78ba\u8a8d\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6975\u5ea6\u96e3\u7522\u7684\u5b30\u5152\uff0c\u8981\u6b77\u7d93\u9577\u9577\u7684\u8fd1\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u30021910\u5e74\uff0c\u6602\u5c3c\u65af\u4ed6\u5011\u57282.2K\u6eab\u5ea6\u8655\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u6db2\u6c26\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6709\u7570\u5e38\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u653e\u904e\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u7570\u5e38\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u5c31\u5168\u529b\u6295\u5165\u5230\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u8d85\u5c0e\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u3002\u76f4\u52301922\u5e74\uff0c\u6602\u5c3c\u65af\u4ed6\u5011\u624d\u5f9e\u8d85\u5c0e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8f49\u56de\u4f86\u91cd\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u9019\u500b\u7570\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

1934\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u4e3b\u6301\u8499\u5fb7\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7684\u8607\u806f\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5361\u76ae\u67e5\uff08Pyotr L.Kapitsa\uff09\uff0c\u81ea\u884c\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e26\u88fd\u9020\u4e86\u7368\u7279\u7684\u6c26\u6db2\u5316\u5668\uff0c\u9577\u9054\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6c26\u6db2\u5316\u6280\u8853\u7684\u58df\u65b7\u9010\u5f97\u4ee5\u6253\u7834\u30021938\u5e74\u81ea\u7136\u96dc\u8a8c\u7684\u4e00\u6708\u520a\uff0c\u767b\u8f09\u4e86\u5361\u6bd4\u67e5\u78ba\u8a8d 4<\/sup>He \u8d85\u6d41\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u540c\u671f\u96dc\u8a8c\u4ea6\u767b\u8f09\u4e86\u591a\u502b\u591a\u5927\u5b78\u827e\u502b\uff08J. Allen\uff09\u8207\u9ea5\u65af\u5167\uff08D. Misener\uff09\u7684\u8d85\u6d41\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c 4<\/sup>He \u57282.2K\u6eab\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u8d85\u6d41\u72c0\u614b\u5f97\u4ee5\u78ba\u8a8d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5361\u76ae\u67e5\u65bc1978\u5e74\u7372\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"01pic2.png\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u7531\u65bc 3<\/sup>He \u7684\u8d85\u6d41\u6027\u8cea\u8981\u57282.7mK\u8655\u624d\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u5c0d\u4f4e\u6eab\u6280\u8853\u8981\u6c42\u6975\u9ad8\uff0c\u76f4\u52301972\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5eb7\u4e43\u723e\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u624d\u5f9e\u5be6\u9a57\u4e0a\u78ba\u8a8d\u4e86 3<\/sup>He \u7684\u8d85\u6d41\u6027\u8cea\u30021996\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e09\u4eba\uff0c\u674e\u6234\u7dad\uff08David M. Lee\uff09\u3001\u745e\u67e5\u68ee\uff08Robert C. Richardson\uff09\u53ca\u5967\u8b1d\u7f85\u592b\uff08Douglas D. Osheroff\uff09\u7372\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n

\"01pic3.png\"<\/p>\n

3<\/sup>He \u96d6\u7136\u662f 4<\/sup>He \u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46 3<\/sup>He \u539f\u5b50\u4f5c\u96c6\u9ad4\u904b\u52d5\u6642\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u6027\u8cea\u5168\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc 4<\/sup>He \uff0c\u89e3\u91cb 4<\/sup>He \u8d85\u6d41\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u65bc\u89e3\u91cb 3<\/sup>He \u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u840a\u683c\u7279\uff08Anthony J. Leggett\uff09\u57281975\u5e74\u6210\u529f\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0 3<\/sup>He \u8d85\u6d41\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f7f\u840a\u683c\u7279\u7372\u5f972003\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n

3<\/sup>He \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5e36\u6709\u81ea\u65cb\u4e8c\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\uff08Fermion\uff09\u3002\uff08\u5b83\u6709\u5169\u500b\u5f62\u6210\u5c01\u95891s \u8ecc\u57df\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u5305\u542b\u5169\u500b\u8cea\u5b50\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5927\u7d042K \u6642\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u8cbb\u7c73\u7d71\u8a08\u8b8a\u5f97\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7cfb\u7d71\u5f62\u6210\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u8cbb\u7c73\u6db2\u9ad4\u50cf\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u91d1\u5c6c\u88e1\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u672c\u8eab\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u751f\u660e\u986f\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c 3<\/sup>He \u50c5\u5728\u7d04 mK \u6642\u624d\u8b8a\u6210\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u203b\u8d85\u6d41\u7279\u6027<\/span><\/strong>
\n1.\u7121\u7c98\u6027\u3001\u96f6\u71b5\u5ea6\uff0c\u548c\u7121\u9650\u5927\u7684\u71b1\u50b3\u5c0e\u7387\uff1b\u6db2\u614b\u6c26\u4f4e\u65bc\u7d55\u5c0d\u6eab\u5ea62.2K\u6642\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u5c0e\u71b1\u3002\u5b83\u5c0e\u71b1\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u8072\u901f\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u6c26\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u7e3d\u662f\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u3002\u6545\u6b64\u5728\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u6eab\u5dee\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002
\n2.Creeping film effect\uff1a\u5c07\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\u653e\u7f6e\u65bc\u74b0\u72c0\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6beb\u7121\u6469\u64e6\u529b\u7684\u6c38\u7121\u6b62\u76e1\u7684\u6d41\u52d5
\n3.\u5674\u6cc9\u6548\u61c9\uff1a\u5c07\u4e00\u7e96\u7d30\u7ba1\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u6c60\u8d85\u6d41\u6c26\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u7e96\u7d30\u7ba1\u88ab\u52a0\u71b1\uff08\u5982\u5c0d\u5b83\u7167\u5149\uff09\uff0c\u6c26\u4fbf\u6703\u722c\u4e0a\u7ba1\u9802\u3002<\/p>\n

\u203b\u8d85\u6d41\u61c9\u7528<\/span><\/strong>
\n1.\u7a00\u91cb\u81f4\u51b7\u6a5f\uff08Dilution refrigerator\uff09
\n2.\u7528\u4f5c\u5316\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u5149\u8b5c\u5206\u6790\u6280\u8853\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6eb6\u5291\u3002
\n3.\u8d85\u6d41\u6c26\u6ef4\u5149\u8b5c\u5206\u6790\uff08SHeDS\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u55ae\u500b\u5206\u5b50\u6eb6\u4e8e\u8d85\u6d41\u4ecb\u8cea\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6709\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65cb\u8f49\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u5728\u6c23\u614b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002 \u9019\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5c0d\u6c23\u9ad4\u5206\u5b50\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6975\u5927\u8208\u8da3\u3002
\n4.\u65bc\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5100\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u9640\u87ba\u5100\u3002 \u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cf\u5ea6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u6548\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a
\n1.\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7db2\u7ad9\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/<\/a>
\n2.\u4f4e\u6eab\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u53f2\u7c21\u4ecb\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/gzwl.cooco.net.cn\/groupmsg\/1376\/<\/a>
\n3.Helium\uff0819.8.2003, Erkki Thuneberg\uff09\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/ltl.tkk.fi\/research\/theory\/helium.html<\/a>
\n4.\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1–\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4<\/span> http:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/zh-tw\/\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u8d85\u6d41\u9ad4\uff08Superfluid\uff09 \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u5433\u5e78\u7487\u78a9\u58eb\u751f\/\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u8521\u5fd7\u7533\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,107,45,43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19118","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1","category-physics00","category-physics11-02","category-physics11","loop-entry","cat-1","cat-107","cat-45","cat-43","no-thumbnail"],"views":9430,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19118","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19118"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19118\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":89009,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19118\/revisions\/89009"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19118"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19118"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19118"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}